Države članice EU-a trebale bi ambicioznije pristupiti ostvarivanju zajedničkog cilja u pogledu obnovljive energije

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News Objavljeno 2019-02-14 Zadnja izmjena 2019-03-08
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Udio energije proizvedene iz obnovljivih izvora u ukupnoj potrošnji energije Europske unije udvostručio se od 2005., ali taj se porast posljednjih godina usporio - posebno zato što se povećala potrošnja energije te zbog nedostatka napretka u prometnom sektoru. Novo izvješće Europske agencije za okoliš (EEA) pokazuje da, u pogledu korištenja obnovljive energije, države članice Europske unije trebaju uložiti više truda u postizanje cilja za 2020.

 Image © Tim Laws, WaterPIX /EEA

U izvješću EEA-e „Obnovljiva energija u Europi, 2018.” navodi se napredak u pogledu upotrebe obnovljivih izvora energije u EU-u koji se temelji na službenim podatcima iz 2016. i preliminarnim procjenama EEA-e za 2017.

Izvješće pokazuje da se udio obnovljive energije u konačnoj potrošnji energije u EU-u povećao sa 16,7 % 2015. na 17,0 % 2016. i na procijenjenih 17,4 % 2017. Iako je EU i dalje na pravom putu u pogledu ostvarivanja cilja za 2020., odnosno povećanja udjela obnovljive energije u konačnoj bruto potrošnji energije na 20 %, nedavni porast u konačnoj potrošnji energije u nekim državama članicama usporava povećanje udjela obnovljive energije u cijelom EU-u.

Kako bi postigle cilj za 2030., države članice moraju kolektivno povećati udio obnovljive energije u konačnoj bruto potrošnji energije na najmanje 32 %. Prema izvješću EEA-e, trenutačno se upotreba obnovljive energije znatno razlikuje među pojedinačnim državama članicama, od udjela obnovljive energije od 30 % u konačnoj bruto potrošnji energije u Austriji, Danskoj, Finskoj, Latviji i Švedskoj do manje od 9 % u Belgiji, Luksemburgu, Malti i Nizozemskoj.

Ostali ključni rezultati

U EU-u su 85 % novoinstaliranih kapaciteta za proizvodnju energije 2017. činili kapaciteti za proizvodnju energije iz obnovljivih izvora, pri čemu su vjetroelektrane i solarne fotonaponske ćelije činile tri četvrtine novih kapaciteta za proizvodnju obnovljive energije. Jedna trećina ukupne električne energije potrošene u EU-u 2016. i 2017. bila je proizvedena iz obnovljivih izvora.

Toplinska i rashladna energija i dalje su dominantni tržišni sektor kad je riječ o obnovljivoj energiji u EU-u, pri čemu je 19 % energije 2016. i 2017. proizvedeno iz obnovljivih izvora. Prometni sektor znatno zaostaje sa samo 7 % udjela potrošnje obnovljive energije u istim godinama. Većina obnovljive energije koja se upotrebljava za promet proizvodi se iz biogoriva, pri čemu treba uzeti u obzir dasamo biogoriva koja imaju certifikat o sukladnosti s kriterijima održivosti iz Direktive o promicanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih izvora mogu biti uključena u postizanje tih ciljeva.

U izvješću se navodi da je EU i dalje svjetski predvodnik u pogledu kapaciteta za proizvodnju električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora po stanovniku, iako je Kina počela sve više ulagati u nove kapacitete. Udio poslova povezanih s obnovljivom energijom na tržištu rada brže raste u Brazilu i Kini nego u EU-u.

Sve veća upotreba obnovljivih izvora energije omogućila je EU-u da smanji potražnju za fosilnim gorivima i s njima povezane emisije stakleničkih plinova. U skladu s analizom EEA-e, ukupne emisije stakleničkih plinova EU-a bile bi otprilike 9 % više 2016. i 10 % više 2017. da se od 2005. upotreba obnovljivih izvora energije nije povećala i zamijenila 11 % bruto  potrošnje fosilnih goriva u EU-u u tom razdoblju.

Izvješća „Obnovljiva energija u Europi” dopunjuju EEA-inu godišnju procjenu napretka prema dostizanju klimatskih i energetskih ciljeva EU-a navedenih u publikaciji Trendovi i prognoze u Europi 2018.

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Estimated effects of increased RES consumption since 2005 on fossil fuels and GHG emissions Estimated effects of increased RES consumption since 2005 on fossil fuels and GHG emissions Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources commits the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020 and a 10 % share of renewable energy in transport energy consumption by the same year. Article 22 of the directive requires Member States to report on national progress in the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources, biennially, starting with 31 December 2011. It specifies that the national reports shall contain, inter alia, the estimated net GHG emission savings due to the use of energy from renewable sources. Information regarding the specific methodologies used by the countries for producing the above estimates of net GHG emission savings is not always available. To that end, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) produce each year a consistent set of estimated co-benefits, at the Member State and EU level, concerning the impact on fossil fuels and GHG emissions due to the increase in RES consumption since 2005. For 2017, these estimated co-benefits are based on the EEA 2017 RES share proxies and the EEA 2017 proxies on primary and final energy consumption.
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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/drzave-clanice-eu-a-trebale or scan the QR code.

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