Sustainability solutions

The solutions for transitioning to sustainability involve innovative social practices, technologies and business models. Sustainability transitions are society‑wide, long-term processes built on innovation and knowledge creation.

Responding to the persistent and emerging challenges facing Europe will require transitions in the production‑consumption systems driving impacts on the environment and health. Transitions involve the emergence and upscaling of diverse innovations. There is a need for more emphasis on social innovation, behavioural change and nature-based solutions.

Multiple actors are involved in producing and implementing sustainability solutions: businesses, users, researchers, policymakers, social movements and interest groups. Still, governments can promote system innovation, including by supporting experimentation, correcting market failures, facilitating the spread of new ideas and approaches, and helping ensure a just transition. Governments can accelerate systemic change by helping cities to innovate and network, by reorienting financial flows towards sustainable investments and by developing relevant knowledge systems and skills.

There is no “silver bullet”, no one-size-fits-all solution, when it comes to sustainability transitions. For a sustainable mobility system, for example, the introduction of the electric motor is not enough. New electric cars would still imply substantial resource use, pollution and congestion.

The fundamental issue is not how to create a more sustainable car, but rather how to meet society’s need for point to-point mobility and for social interaction and access to goods and services: from car-sharing schemes, driverless cars and a shift to alternative modes of transport (e.g. walking, cycling) to improved spatial planning and novel communication technologies that can reduce the need for mobility (e.g. teleworking).

The European Union and its Member States are at the forefront of proposing and implementing sustainability solutions, be it by government initiatives or by grass-root movements:

The Innovation Fund announced by the European Commission will provide around EUR 38 billion of support from 2020 to 2030 for the commercial demonstration of innovative low-carbon technologies, aiming to bring to the market industrial solutions to decarbonise Europe and support its transition to climate neutrality.
In Germany, more than 700 community energy initiatives (mostly citizens in cooperatives) account for about 40% of renewable energy capacity.
There are several hundred ‘transition town’ initiatives in Europe. Transition towns are community projects that aim to increase self‑sufficiency to reduce the potential effects of climate change and economic instability. They do this by stimulating renewable energy production, lifestyle change, community housing, alternative local currencies, repair cafes and community cafes using food that would otherwise go to waste.

By embracing sustainability transitions, demonstrating solutions and seizing related opportunities, Europe can lead the global effort for change.

The European Union is committed to using innovation to achieve a sustainable economy and becoming the first climate neutral continent, by 2050.

The EU Innovation Fund announced by the Commission is one of the world's largest funding programmes (up to EUR 38 billion) for the demonstration of innovative low-carbon technologies and will contribute to greenhouse gas reduction. In the EU, polluters have to pay for their greenhouse gas emissions via the Emissions Trading System (ETS). The money raised via the ETS is reinvested into the Innovation Fund.

Horizon Europe is the EU’s key funding programme for research and innovation with a budget of EUR 95.5 billion. It tackles climate change, helps to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and boosts the EU’s competitiveness and growth.

These initiatives are framed within the European Green Deal and are complemented by a wide set of policies and measures, including on zero pollution, food, mobility, energy and circular economy.

See the EU policies we support

With people and for people: Innovating for sustainability

Innovation is both a primary source of systemic environmental and sustainability challenges and an essential element in society’s response to such challenges. Technological innovation, which is a policy priority across Europe, has historically been a major ‘driver of change’ for society and the ecosphere. Although technological innovations deliver a multitude of benefits, they are also associated with significant collateral hazards and new challenges.

Our briefing belongs to a series called ‘Narratives for change’, which explores the diversity of ideas needed to transform our society to achieve sustainability goals and the ambitions of the European Green Deal. The briefing considers the ambiguities of technological innovation and the wider role of innovation in achieving sustainability.

Can we imagine living in symbiosis with nature?

The way humans have affected the Earth, its climate and ecosystems has prompted thinking about our time as a new geological period — ‘the Anthropocene’ — where our actions have lasting and potentially irreversible effect on the planet.

The EEA briefing ‘Exiting the Anthropocene? Exploring fundamental change in our relationship with nature’ asks if we can imagine a world in which social and economic practices are in symbiosis with nature — rather than just means to human ends.

This briefing is part of our series called 'Narratives for change'.

What could a sustainable Europe look like in 2050?

Strategic foresight approaches are increasingly used to explore possible futures and their implications for policy and planning.

Explore our web report on imaginaries of a sustainable Europe

ImageSilke Walk, WaterPIX/EEA

Electric vehicles become popular

A significant increase in the uptake of electric cars and vans was recorded in the EU-27 in 2021. Electric car registrations for the year were close to 1,729,000, up from 1,061,000 in 2020. This represents an increase from 10.7% to 17.8% in the share of total new car registrations in just 1 year.

The uptake of electric vans also increased, from 2.1% of total new registrations in 2020 to 3.1% in 2021. The number of battery electric and plug-in hybrid cars are comparable in 2021, while battery electric vehicles accounted for the majority of electric van registrations in 2021.

Recently proposed legislation sets targets to cut CO₂ emissions from cars by 55% and vans by 50% by 2030. It also proposes to completely cut emissions from cars and vans by 2035. A significant increase in the uptake of electric vehicles will be needed to achieve these goals.

More in EEA indicator on electric vehicles

Sustainability solutions

With people and for people: Innovating for sustainability

Can we imagine living in symbiosis with nature?

What could a sustainable Europe look like in 2050?

Electric vehicles become popular

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