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Légszennyezés

Nyelv megváltoztatása
Lap Utolsó módosítás 2020. 11. 23.
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A légszennyezés káros az emberi egészségre és a környezetre. Európában az elmúlt évtizedekben számos légszennyező anyag kibocsátása jelentősen visszaesett, így a régió levegőjének minősége javult. A légszennyező anyagok koncentrációja azonban még mindig túl magas, és továbbra is vannak a levegőminőséggel kapcsolatos problémák. Európa népességének jelentős része olyan helyeken – főleg városokban – él, ahol időnként sor kerül egyes levegőminőségi határértékek túllépésére: az ózon, a nitrogén-dioxid és a finom részecskés anyag (PM) jelentette szennyezés súlyos egészségügyi kockázatot jelent. Számos ország túllépett egyet vagy többet a négy fontos légszennyező anyagra vonatkozóan 2010-re számukra megállapított emisszió-határértékek közül. A légszennyezés csökkentése tehát változatlanul fontos ügy.

A légszennyezés helyi, ezzel együtt azonban egész Európát és ezt a féltekét érintő probléma. A valamely országban kibocsátott légszennyező anyagok a légkörbe kerülve máshova is eljuthatnak, ahol hozzájárulnak a rossz levegőminőséghez, vagy okozzák azt.

Jelenleg három szennyezőanyagot, a finom részecskés anyagot, a nitrogén-dioxidot és a talaj menti ózont tekintik általánosan a legjelentősebbnek az egészségügyi hatások tekintetében. A hosszú távú és nagyfokú expozíció különféle egészségügyi hatásokat okozhat, a légzőszervrendszer kisebb károsodásaitól kezdve egészen a korai elhalálozásig. Európa városi népességének körülbelül 90%-a van kitéve az egészségkárosítónak ítélt levegőminőségi szintnél magasabb koncentrációjú légszennyező anyagoknak.  Például a levegőben lévő finom részecskés anyag (PM2.5) a becslések szerint az EU-ban több mint nyolc hónappal csökkenti a várható élettartamot. A benzopirén egy fokozott aggodalomra okot adó karcinogén légszennyező anyag, amely számos városi területen, főként Közép- és Kelet-Európában az emberi egészség védelme érdekében felállított határértékeknél magasabb arányban koncentrálódik.

A légszennyezés károsítja az emberi egészséget és az ökoszisztémákat. A népesség nagy része az érvényben lévő normákat  nézve nem él egészséges környezetben. A fenntarthatóság eléréséhez Európának ambiciózus hozzáállással a jelenlegi szabályozáson túl kell gondolnia.

Hans Bruyninckx, az EKÜ ügyvezető igazgatója

A légszennyezés károsítja környezetünket is.

  • A savasodás 1990 és 2010 között lényegesen csökkent a kén- és nitrogénvegyületek általi túlzott savlerakódásnak kitett érzékeny európai ökoszisztémák területén.
  • Az eutrofizáció – az ökoszisztémákban a túlzott mértékű tápanyaglerakódásból eredő környezeti probléma – visszaszorításának terén elért haladás kisebb mértékű. A túlzott légkörbeli nitrogénszintnek kitett érzékeny ökoszisztémák területe 1990 és 2010 között csak kis mértékben csökkent.
  • A magas ózonkoncentráció terméskárokat okoz. A legtöbb mezőgazdasági termény a növényzet védelme érdekében kitűzött hosszú távú uniós célkitűzésnél magasabb ózonszinteknek van kitéve. Ez a mezőgazdasági területek jelentős részét érinti, különösen Dél-, Közép- és Kelet-Európában.

Európa levegőjének minősége nem mindig javult a légszennyező anyagok emberi eredetű kibocsátásának csökkenésével párhuzamosan. Ennek okai összetettek:

  • nincs mindig egyértelmű lineáris összefüggés a kibocsátás csökkenése és a légszennyező anyagok levegőben megfigyelhető koncentrációja között;
  • az északi félteke más országaiból származó, nagy távolságokat megtett légszennyező anyagok egyre nagyobb mértékben járulnak hozzá az európai légszennyezéséhez.

A kibocsátások csökkentésére irányuló további célzott erőfeszítésekre van szükség Európában az emberi egészség és a környezet védelme érdekében.

A légszennyezés forrásai

A légszennyezés forrásai különfélék, azok között emberi és természetes eredetűek egyaránt vannak:

  • az elektromos áram termelése során, a közlekedésben, az iparban és a háztartásokban elégetett fosszilis tüzelőanyagok;
  • az ipari folyamatok és az oldószerhasználat, például a vegyipari és a bányászati ágazatban;
  • a mezőgazdaság; 
  • a hulladékkezelés;
  • természetes emissziós források pedig például a vulkánkitörések, a szélfújta por, a tengerisó-permet és a növények által kibocsátott illékony szerves anyagok.

Európai uniós szakpolitikák

Az EU hosszú távú célja olyan levegőminőség elérése, amely nem jár együtt az emberi egészségre és a környezetre gyakorolt elfogadhatatlan hatásokkal és kockázatokkal. Az EU a légszennyezésnek való kitettség enyhítése érdekében számos szinten cselekszik: a jogalkotás, a légszennyezésért felelős ágazatokkal, valamint nemzetközi, nemzeti és regionális hatóságokkal és nem kormányzati szervezetekkel való együttműködés, továbbá kutatás révén. Az uniós szakpolitikák célja a légszennyezésnek való kitettség enyhítése a kibocsátás visszaszorítása, valamint levegőminőségi határértékek és célértékek megállapítása révén. 2013 végén az Európai Bizottság elfogadta a „tiszta levegő” csomag javaslatát, amely a légszennyezés csökkentésére irányuló új intézkedéseket foglal magában.

Tudjon meg többet a légszennyezésre vonatkozó európai szakpolitikákról

Az EKÜ tevékenységei

Az Európai Környezetvédelmi Ügynökség (EKÜ) az Európai Unió légszennyezésre vonatkozó adatainak központja. Az EKÜ támogatja a légszennyező anyagok kibocsátásához és a levegőminőséghez kapcsolódó uniós jogszabályok végrehajtását. Az EKÜ hozzájárul az EU légszennyezési szakpolitikáinak értékeléséhez és az európai levegő minőségének javításáról szóló hosszú távú stratégiák kidolgozásához is.

Az EKÜ munkája a következőkre összpontosul:

  • a légszennyezésre vonatkozó különböző adatok nyilvánosság számára hozzáférhetővé tétele,
  • légszennyezési tendenciák és az azokhoz kapcsolódó európai szakpolitikák és intézkedések dokumentálása és értékelése, és
  • a légszennyezés és a különböző területekre, többek között az éghajlatváltozásra, az energiára, a közlekedésre és az iparra vonatkozó szakpolitikák közötti kölcsönhatások és szinergiák vizsgálata. 

Tudjon meg többet az EKÜ tevékenységeiről

Hasznos linkek

Az EKÜ közzétett egy légszennyezésre vonatkozó linkgyűjteményt.

Kapcsolódó tartalom

Interactive charts

Dashboard (Tableau) Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Bosnia and Herzegovina – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Kosovo – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Albania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Turkey – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Switzerland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Sweden – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Spain – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Slovenia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Slovakia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Romania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Portugal – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Poland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Norway – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Netherlands – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Malta – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Luxembourg – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Lithuania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Liechtenstein – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Latvia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Italy – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Ireland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Iceland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Hungary – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Greece – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Germany – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) France – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Finland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Estonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Denmark – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Czechia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Cyprus – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Croatia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Austria – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Sweden - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Norway - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Slovenia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Italy - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Romania - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Portugal - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Cyprus - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Ireland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Poland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Finland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Spain - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Denmark - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Luxembourg - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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France - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Latvia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Albania – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Czechia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Switzerland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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United Kingdom - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Turkey - Air pollution country fact sheet 2019 Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Netherlands - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Malta - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Luxembourg - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Lithuania - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Liechtenstein - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Latvia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Italy - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Ireland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Hungary - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Germany - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Denmark - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Estonia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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France - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Finland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Cyprus - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Croatia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Austria – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Czechia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
Dashboard (Tableau) Czechia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Slovakia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Cyprus - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Croatia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Bosnia and Herzegovina – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Denmark - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Romania - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Finland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Sweden - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Germany - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Poland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Austria – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Albania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Iceland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Luxembourg - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Turkey - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Norway - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Liechtenstein - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) France - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Kosovo – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Slovenia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Ireland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Hungary - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Estonia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Portugal - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Latvia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Lithuania - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Netherlands - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) United Kingdom - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Switzerland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Greece - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Italy - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Spain - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Malta - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.

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Lap Air pollution country fact sheets 2022 The air pollution country fact sheets summarise key data on air pollution for each of the 32 EEA member countries and 6 cooperating countries. Indicators on past and future emission trends are presented, as well as a summary of the national air quality situation in each country.
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Air pollution country fact sheets 2021 The air pollution country fact sheets summarise key data on air pollution for each of the 32 EEA member countries and 6 cooperating countries. Indicators on past and future emission trends are presented, as well as a summary of the national air quality situation in each country.
Lap Air pollution country fact sheets 2020 The air pollution country fact sheets summarise key data on air pollution for each of the 32 EEA member countries*, 6 cooperating countries, and the United Kingdom. Indicators on past and future emission trends are presented, as well as a summary of the national air quality situation in each country.
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Air pollution country fact sheets 2019 The air pollution country fact sheets summarise key data on air pollution for each of the 33 EEA member countries. Indicators on past and future emission trends are presented, as well as a summary of the national air quality situation in each country.
Mappa Közlekedés Az EKÜ tagországaiban a közlekedés felelős a végső energiafogyasztás nagyjából harmadáért, az üvegházhatásúgáz-kibocsátásnak pedig több, mint az ötödéért. Ugyancsak nagy részben felelős a városi légszennyezésért és a zajártalomért. Ezen túlmenően jelentős hatással van a tájképre is, a természetes területi egységeket ugyanis kisebb földsávokra osztja, ami az állatokra és a növényekre nézve komoly következményekkel jár.
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Spain – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Sweden – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Switzerland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Turkey – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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United Kingdom – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Slovenia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Slovakia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Romania – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Portugal – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Poland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Netherlands – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Luxembourg – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Malta – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Norway – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Lithuania – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Iceland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Ireland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Italy – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Latvia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Liechtenstein – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Hungary – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Greece – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Germany – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Denmark – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Czech Republic – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Estonia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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France – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Finland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Austria – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Bulgaria – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Air pollution country fact sheets 2018 The air pollution country fact sheets summarise key data on air pollution for each of the 33 EEA member countries. Indicators on past and future emission trends are presented, as well as a summary of the national air quality situation in each country.
Mappa Ipar Az európai ipar környezetvédelmi teljesítménye az elmúlt évtizedekben javuló tendenciát mutatott. A változásoknak több oka van: szigorúbb környezetvédelmi jogszabályok, az energiahatékonyság javulása, az európai ipar általános hajlama a nehéz, szennyezőbb gyártási technikáktól való eltávolodásra és a vállalatok önkéntes részvétele a környezeti hatásaik csökkentését célzó programokban.
Mappa Energia Az energia nem csak az ipari, kereskedelmi és társadalmi jólét számára alapvető fontosságú, hanem a személyes kényelem és mobilitás szempontjából is elengedhetetlen. Ugyanakkor környezetünk számára az energia termelése és fogyasztása lényeges terhelést jelent: üvegházhatású gázok és a levegő egyéb szennyezőanyagainak kibocsátásával, földhasználattal, hulladéktermeléssel és olajfoltokkal jár. Ezek hozzájárulnak az éghajlatváltozáshoz, a természetes ökoszisztémák és az épített környezet károsodásához, továbbá az emberi egészségre is káros hatással vannak.
Mappa Külső hivatkozások
Mappa Az éghajlatváltozás csökkentése Az éghajlatváltozás folyamatban van: az évi átlagos hőmérséklet emelkedik, az évszakonként lehullócsapadékmennyiség változik, a gleccserek és a hótakaró folyamatosan olvad, az átlagos tengerszint pedig emelkedik. A felmelegedést nagy valószínűséggel elsősorban az emberi tevékenységekből származó kibocsátás során a légkörbe kerülő üvegházhatású gázok koncentrációjának növekedése okozza. Azért, hogy mérsékelni tudjuk az éghajlatváltozást, csökkentenünk kell, vagy meg kell előznünk az ilyen gázok légkörbe jutását.
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Szakpolitikai összefüggések A hetedik környezetvédelmi cselekvési program (7. EAP) célja az Európai Unióban olyan szintű levegőminőséget elérni, amely nem jár együtt az emberi egészségre és a környezetre gyakorolt elfogadhatatlan hatásokkal és kockázatokkal. Az EU a légszennyezésnek való kitettség enyhítése érdekében számos szinten cselekszik: a jogalkotás, a légszennyezésért felelős ágazatokkal való együttműködés, a nemzeti, regionális hatóságok és a nem kormányzati szervezetek, valamint kutatás révén. Az EU szakpolitikájának célja a légszennyezésnek való kitettséget a kibocsátás visszaszorítása és a levegőminőségi célértékek megállapítása révén enyhíteni.

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