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The benefits to biodiversity of a strong circular economy

Biodiversity is vital for healthy ecosystems and the foundation of our well-being and economy. However, it is under severe threat. At the root of the problem, lies our current unsustainable production and consumption systems. The circular economy is key to transforming these systems. This briefing explores how circular economy can reduce the impacts of production and consumption on biodiversity

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The benefits to biodiversity of a strong circular economy

Biodiversity is vital for healthy ecosystems and the foundation of our well-being and economy. However, it is under severe threat. At the root of the problem, lies our current unsustainable production and consumption systems. The circular economy is key to transforming these systems. This briefing explores how circular economy can reduce the impacts of production and consumption on biodiversity

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The importance of restoring nature in Europe

Nature, along with its inherent biodiversity, is key to functioning societies and economies. It provides the food we eat, filters the water we drink, cleans the air we breathe, and is important for our mental and physical health. Yet in the EU, many habitats and species are in a poor or bad state, and only a very small fraction of these has shown any improvement over recent years. The restoration of Europe’s habitats and species is important not only for the inherent value of nature itself: it is also key for improved human health and well-being, and reduced climate change impacts.

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The importance of restoring nature in Europe

Nature, along with its inherent biodiversity, is key to functioning societies and economies. It provides the food we eat, filters the water we drink, cleans the air we breathe, and is important for our mental and physical health. Yet in the EU, many habitats and species are in a poor or bad state, and only a very small fraction of these has shown any improvement over recent years. The restoration of Europe’s habitats and species is important not only for the inherent value of nature itself: it is also key for improved human health and well-being, and reduced climate change impacts.

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Total reported damage caused by natural disturbance in Europe between 1950 and 2019

Country data from European database on disturbances

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Deforestation, EU-27 in 1000 ha

Deforestation in the EU-27 as collected by countries for the reporting on forest resources to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and Forest Europe processes

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Distribution of the eight most relevant pressures from forestry on forest habitats and species (2013-2018)

The eight most relevant pressures on forests from forestry activities.

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Forest area in the EU-27, 2020

Forest area in the EU-27 as collected by countries for the reporting on forest resources to the UNECE, FAO and Forest Europe processes

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Marine protected area coverage in the EU, 2012-2021

The figure shows marine protected areas coverage in the EU in 2012-2021.

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Number and cumulative number of non-indigenous species in Europe's marine subregions, 1970-2020

The combo charts show the number of new introductions of non-indigenous species (NIS) (dots with trendline, primary axis) and the cumulative number of NIS by main species group (stacked columns, secondary axis) reported in Europe’s marine subregions, per 6-year interval between 1970 and 2017.

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Number and cumulative number of marine non-indigenous species in Europe's seas, 1970-2020

The figure shows the number of new non-indigenous species (NIS) reported by marine region. The line-bar chart shows the total number of new introductions of NIS (grey bars) and by main species group (lines) reported in Europe’s seas combined and by marine region, per 6-year interval between 1970 and 2017. The stacked column charts show the cumulative number of new NIS introductions by main species group, in Europe’s seas combined and by marine region, per 6-year interval between 1970 and 2020.

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Pathways of introduction of non-indigenous species to Europe’s seas, 1970-2020

The pie chart shows the share of the different pathways of introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) to Europe's seas over the years 1970 to 2020. The category 'Other' includes several modes of introduction, namely 'Transport-stowaway: other', 'release in nature', 'escape from confinement', 'corridor' and 'unknown'. The stacked column chart shows the trend in the number of new NIS by pathway of introduction between 1970 and 2017, on a 6-year cycle. While introductions by Transport-Stowaway (ballast water, hull fouling and others) remain the prevalent mode, 'unaided' and 'escape from confinement' have grown in importance in the latest assessment cycles.

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Marine non-indigenous species in Europe's seas for MSFD D2

This dataset contains the list of all-know and verified records of non-indigenous species (NIS) in Europe’s seas, last updated in October 2022, and used to produce the EEA marine indicator on "Marine non-indigenous species in Europe's seas" (MAR002). MSFD D2: "Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 2"

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