СОСТОЯНИЕ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ В ЕВРОПЕ, ВТОРАЯ ОЦЕНКА: ОБЗОР

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Публикация Создано 1998-06-22 Опубликованно 1998-06-22

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Figures used

Species richness of amphibians in Europe Species richness of amphibians in Europe Note: The following countries are partially covered: Greece (islands along the Turkish coast), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia
Large tanker spills, 1970-96 Large tanker spills, 1970-96
European Centres of Endemic Plants European Centres of Endemic Plants
Bird status in Europe Bird status in Europe
Emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia in 1995 at 50km resolution (tonnes of N per year) Emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia in 1995 at 50km resolution (tonnes of N per year) Notes: Includes emissions from shipping in the North Sea and the north-east Altantic (Lloyd's Register of Shipping [1995]: Marine Exhaust Emission Research Programme
Salinisation in Europe, 1993 Salinisation in Europe, 1993
Regions affected by high nitrate concentration in the groundwater Regions affected by high nitrate concentration in the groundwater Note: Map based on maps provided by National Focal Points.
Organic matter in European rivers 1994-96 Organic matter in European rivers 1994-96 .
Phosphorus concentration in European lakes and reservoirs Phosphorus concentration in European lakes and reservoirs Note: Number of lakes per country: AT(26), BG(4), CH(22), DE(300), DK(28), EE(156), ES(96), FI(70), FR(27), HU(4), IE(18), IT(7), IV(10), MK(3), NL(112), NO(401), PL(290), PT(18), RO(33), SE(2992), SL(4), UK(66).
Goods transport by road, relative to total by road, rail, inland waterways and pipelines, 1995 Goods transport by road, relative to total by road, rail, inland waterways and pipelines, 1995
Areas with relatively little influence from urbanisation, transport or intensive agriculture Areas with relatively little influence from urbanisation, transport or intensive agriculture Note: Based on EEA Land cover data per November 1997
Water erosion in Europe, 1993 Water erosion in Europe, 1993
Mapping Europes forests: strict EEA Land cover forest classes Mapping Europes forests: strict EEA Land cover forest classes
Nitrate in European rivers, 1994-96 Nitrate in European rivers, 1994-96
Nitrate concentration in groundwater Nitrate concentration in groundwater
Expected threat of tourism and recreation sector on coastal landscape types Expected threat of tourism and recreation sector on coastal landscape types
The daily summer maximum concentration of ozone, modelled mean over 5 years The daily summer maximum concentration of ozone, modelled mean over 5 years Note: the calculation used constant emissions at the 1990 level and meteorological data from the five summers 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993 and 1994
Species richness of breeding birds in Europe Species richness of breeding birds in Europe
Phosphorus in European rivers, 1994-96 Phosphorus in European rivers, 1994-96
Mapping Europes forests: broad EEA Land cover, forest and wooded land classes Mapping Europes forests: broad EEA Land cover, forest and wooded land classes
Species richness of mammals in Europe Species richness of mammals in Europe
Exceedances of the ozone concentration threshold value for protection of human health, 1995 Exceedances of the ozone concentration threshold value for protection of human health, 1995 Note: number of days the 110 μg/m3 (12.00-20.00 hrs) threshold value was exceeded, observed at urban/street or other/unspecified stations during the whole year 1995.
Average annual runoff in Europe Average annual runoff in Europe Notes: Map prepared at a 10 km x 10 km grid resolution, showing average run-off with some smoothing of local detail
Exceedance of the 5 percentile conditional critical loads for acidifying nitrogen, 1995 Exceedance of the 5 percentile conditional critical loads for acidifying nitrogen, 1995
Wind erosion in Europe, 1993 Wind erosion in Europe, 1993
GDP per km2, 1996 GDP per km2, 1996
Exceedance of the 5 percentile conditional critical loads for sulphur, 1995 Exceedance of the 5 percentile conditional critical loads for sulphur, 1995
Physical degradation in Europe, 1993 Physical degradation in Europe, 1993
Distribution of major habitats Distribution of major habitats
Emissions of Sulphur in 1995 at 50km resolution (tonnes of S per year) Emissions of Sulphur in 1995 at 50km resolution (tonnes of S per year) Notes: Includes emissions from shipping in the North Sea and the north-east Altantic (Lloyd's Register of Shipping [1995]: Marine Exhaust Emission Research Programme
Urban demand as a proportion of average annual runoff Urban demand as a proportion of average annual runoff Note: Map based on long-term average annual run-off data (see map id=107, Annual average run-off in Europe) in conjunction with Eurostat GISCO Degree of Urbanisation data.
Population density, 1992 Population density, 1992
Expected threat of urban sector on coastal landscape types Expected threat of urban sector on coastal landscape types
Species richness of reptiles in Europe Species richness of reptiles in Europe Note: The following countries are partially covered: Greece (islands along the Turkish coast), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia
Exceedances of the ozone concentration threshold value for vegetation, 1995 Exceedances of the ozone concentration threshold value for vegetation, 1995 Note: number of days the 65 μg/m3, 24 hour threshold value was exceeded, observed at background stations in whole year 1995.
Measured accumulated exposure to ozone (AOT40) Measured accumulated exposure to ozone (AOT40) Note: daylight hours in May, June and July 1995.
Map of European Biogeographic Regions - Adopted in 1997 Map of European Biogeographic Regions - Adopted in 1997
Exceedance of the 5 percentile critical loads for eutrophying nitrogen, 1995 Exceedance of the 5 percentile critical loads for eutrophying nitrogen, 1995
Distribution of Q90 Distribution of Q90 Note: Map prepared at a 10 km x 10 km grid resolution
Unleaded petrol use in Europe 1996 Unleaded petrol use in Europe 1996
Calculated increase in effective UV (%) in Europe in 1991 relative to 1980 Calculated increase in effective UV (%) in Europe in 1991 relative to 1980 Note: Calculated on the basis of measured total ozone, ignoring cloud effects

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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/ru/publications/92-828-3351-8 or scan the QR code.

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