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External Data Spec

HadISST - Global sea ice and Sea Surface Temperature analyses

External Data Spec Published 26 Oct 2011
1 min read
Global SST fields were created using a variety of techniques including Reduced Space Optimal Interpolation (RSOI). Sea ice concentration fields from different sources were analysed to make them as consistent as possible through time. Some care should be taken when using the sea-ice concentration data, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere where there is no realistic interannual variability in sea ice prior to 1973. The HadISST1 data set has been shown to be an improvement upon (and has superseded) the GISST data set.
information.png Provider:
Met Office Hadley Centre observations datasets
information.png Dataset URL:
http://hadobs.metoffice.com/hadisst/data/download.html
information.png Dataset path:

https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/information_and_inventories/edmed/report/1026026/

information.png Other comments:

Data delivery on Circa: http://forum.eionet.europa.eu/etc-icm-consortium/library/subvention-2012/tasks-and-milestones-2012/1.5.2.-update-and-development-marine-and-maritime-indicators-also-support-msfd/key-deliverable-1.5.2.-deliver-indicator-updates-and-ims-publication-ms1/sst

Related content

Interactive charts

Produced figures

Figure Decadal average sea surface temperature anomaly in different European seas Time series (1870-2021) of decadal average observed sea surface temperature anomalies (°C), with respect to the period 1991-2020, for each of the European basins, for the European seas as a whole, and for the global ocean. Data sources: HadSST4.0.1.0 (1850-2021), ERSSTTv5 (1880-2021), HadISST1 (1870-2021) and satellite-based ESA CCI/C3S SST Climate Data Record v2.1 (1991-2021).
Figure
Archived
Decadal average sea surface temperature anomaly in different European seas (1870 to 2020) Time series of sea surface temperature anomalies (°C), referenced to the average temperature between 1981 and 2010, in each of the European seas and in the Global Ocean. Data sources: SST datasets from the Met Office (HadISST1, HadSST.4.0.0.0 and OSTIA), the US National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration (ERSSTv5), ESA SST CCI analysis version 2.1.
Figure
Archived
Decadal average sea surface temperature anomaly in different European seas (1870 to 2018) The figure shows global and regionally averaged sea surface temperatures anomalies relative to a 1981-2010 baseline. The solid lines show satellite-based series, combining SST CCI (Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative) Analysis data (to 2016) with the OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis) near real-time updated data (to 2018). The shaded area in each plot indicates the upper and lower uncertainty range of the long-term evolution of the regional averages based on three global data sets (HadSST.4.0.0.0, ERSSTv5 and HadISST).
Figure Sea surface temperature Time series of annual average sea surface temperature (°C), referenced to the average temperature between 1993 and 2012, in the global ocean and in each of the European seas.
Figure
Archived
Decadal average sea surface temperature anomaly in different European seas The figure shows decadal global and regionally averaged sea-surface temperature anomalies relative to a 1981-2010 baseline. The solid line shows a satellite-based series combining the SST CCI analysis (to 2016) with the OSTIA near-real time updates (to 2018). The shaded area in each plot indicates the upper and lower uncertainty range of the long-term evolution of the regional averages based on three global data sets (HadSST.4.0.0.0, ERSSTv5 and HadISST).
Figure Mean annual sea surface temperature trend in European seas Linear trend in sea surface temperature (in °C/yr) for the European seas over the past 25 years (1989-2013) . Areas where where ice coverage constituted more than 20% are masked.
Figure
Archived
Annual average sea surface temperature anomaly in different European seas Time series of annual average sea surface temperature (°C), referenced to the average temperature between 1986 and 2010, in each of the European seas. Data sources: SST datasets from the Hadley Centre (HADISST1 (global)), MOON-ENEA (Mediterranean Sea), and Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (Baltic and North Seas), and MyOcean.
Figure
Archived
Mean annual sea surface temperature trend in European seas Spatial distribution of sea surface temperature trend over the past 25 years (1987-2011) for the European seas as calculated from the HADISST1 dataset. The units are °C/yr. Source: HADSST1 dataset (http://hadobs.metoffice.com/hadisst/data/download.html), masked where ice coverage constituted more than 20% of the sea water.

See also

Used in indicators

Indicator Specification European sea surface temperature This indicator monitors trends in average SST anomalies in Europe’s regional seas and in the global ocean. Care must be taken when comparing the results reported here with previous versions of the indicator, as differences can arise from the choice of underlying data sets. SST is an important physical characteristic of the oceans. It varies naturally with latitude, being warmest at the equator and coldest in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. As the oceans absorb more heat, SST will increase (and heat will be redistributed to deeper water layers). Increases in the mean SST are also accompanied by increases in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (that is, when the daily SST exceeds a locally and seasonally defined threshold). Increases in SST can lead to an increase in atmospheric water vapour over the oceans, influencing entire weather systems. The North Atlantic Ocean plays a key role in the regulation of climate over the European continent by transporting heat northwards and redistributing energy from the atmosphere to the deep parts of the ocean. The Gulf Stream and its extensions, the North Atlantic Current and Drift, partly determine weather patterns over the European continent, including precipitation and wind regimes. One of the most visible physical ramifications of increased temperature in the oceans is a reduction in the area of sea ice coverage in the Arctic polar region. Temperature is a determining factor for the metabolism of species, and thus for their distribution and phenology, such as the timing of seasonal migrations, spawning events and peak abundances (e.g. plankton bloom events). There is an accumulating body of evidence suggesting that many marine species and habitats, such as cetaceans in the North Atlantic Ocean, are highly sensitive to changes in SST. Increased temperature may also increase stratification of the water column. Such changes can significantly reduce vertical nutrient fluxes in the water column, thereby negatively influencing primary production and phytoplankton community structure. Further changes in SST could have widespread effects on marine species and cause the reconfiguration of marine ecosystems (Gilbert et al., 2014; Baker-Austin et al., 2016; Collins et al., 2019).
Indicator Specification
Archived
Sea surface temperature This indicator monitors trends in average SST anomalies in Europe’s regional seas and in the global ocean.
Indicator Specification
Archived
Sea surface temperature Trend in average sea surface temperature anomaly in the global ocean and in Europe’s regional seas
Indicator Specification
Archived
Sea surface temperature Annual average sea surface temperature anomaly in the global ocean and in different European seas Mean annual sea surface temperature trend in European seas
Indicator Specification
Archived
Marine phenology Decapod abundance in the central North Sea 1950-2005 Change in colour index in southern North Sea from the 1950s until 2000s
Indicator Specification
Archived
Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature anomaly for period 1870-2006 Sea surface temperature changes for the European seas 1982-2006

Permalinks

For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/external/hadisst1-global-sea-ice-and or scan the QR code.

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