The EU's final energy intensity decreased by 17.5 % between 2005 and 2016, at a rate of 1.7 % per year. Final energy consumption decreased at a rate of 0.7 % a year while gross domestic product grew by 1.1 % annually over the same period. This indicates a decoupling of final energy consumption from economic growth in the EU. During that period, final energy intensity decreased most in the industry sector (2.3 % per year), followed by the services or tertiary sector (1.6 % per year), the agriculture sector (1.7 % per year), the transport sector (1.1 % per year) and the households sector (1.0 % per year). Since 1990, total final energy intensity has decreased by 33.4 %, at a rate of 1.5 % per year, in the EU. The final energy intensity trend varied among non-EU European Environment Agency countries. Between 2005 and 2016, total final energy intensity decreased by 11.8 % in Norway and by 10.3 % in Turkey, and increased by 25.7 % in Iceland. The large increase in Iceland was mainly due to the recent growth in relatively energy inefficient geothermal energy sources.

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Between 2005 and 2016, final energy consumption decreased by 7.1% (0.7% annually) in the EU28. Final energy consumption decreased in all sectors, particularly in industry and households (16.4 %, and 8.0% respectively) but also in transport (0.5%). In the services sector the final energy consumption increased (3.8%). The overall decrease in final energy consumption since 2005 was influenced by economic performance, structural changes in various end-use sectors, in particular industry, improvements in end-use efficiency and lower heat consumption due to favorable climatic conditions particularly in 2011 and 2014. Between 2015 and 2016, the final energy consumption in the EU28 increased by 2% above its 2020 target. Preliminary data for 2017 suggest that the final energy consumption since 2005 decreased by 6.1% in the EU28 (0.5% annually), and increased between 2016 and 2017 by 1.1%. Between 1990 and 2016 the final energy consumption increased by 2.1% in the EU28 and by 7.5% in the EEA countries. In the EEA countries final energy consumption decreased by 3.9% (0.4% annually) between 2005 and 2016. The largest contributor of this decrease was the industry (15.7%) and the household sector (11.6%). On average, each person in the EEA countries used 2.0 tonnes of oil equivalent to meet their energy needs in 2016.

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Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources commits the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020 and a 10 % share of renewable energy in transport energy consumption by the same year. Article 22 of the directive requires Member States to report on national progress in the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources, biennially, starting with 31 December 2011. It specifies that the national reports shall contain, inter alia, the estimated net GHG emission savings due to the use of energy from renewable sources. Information regarding the specific methodologies used by the countries for producing the above estimates of net GHG emission savings is not always available. To that end, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) produce each year a consistent set of estimated co-benefits, at the Member State and EU level, concerning the impact on fossil fuels and GHG emissions due to the increase in RES consumption since 2005. For 2017, these estimated co-benefits are based on the EEA 2017 RES share proxies and the EEA 2017 proxies on primary and final energy consumption.

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The European Union established an inventory of emissions from large combustion plants in 2004. The inventory was governed by the Directive on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants (LCP Directive, 2001/80/EC) until 2015 year. As from 2016 reporting year, the reporting takes place according to the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU, Article 72). Large Combustion Plants are those with a rated thermal input equal to or greater than 50 MW, irrespective of the type of fuel used. Power plants, steel works or district heating plants are examples of these type of plants.

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Indexed SO2, NOx and dust emissions from electricity generation for 2004 to 2015

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The three graphs show the progression of emission limits in EU industrial emission policy over time. The example chosen is that emission limits for SO2, NOx and dust from existing large coal fired power plants.

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This map illustrates the overall pressures to water from the aggregated releases of the eight heavy metals. Values (in kilograms) of the individual releases are first multiplied by a respective ‘eco-toxicity factor’, sourced from the USEtox model. Results are then aggregated, first by facility and then illustrated spatially using a standard heat map tool.

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This map illustrates the overall pressures to air from the aggregated releases of the eight heavy metals. Values (in kilograms) of the individual releases are first multiplied by a respective ‘eco-toxicity factor’, sourced from the USEtox model. Results are then aggregated, first by facility and then illustrated spatially using a standard heat map tool.

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The bar charts represent the gross final renewable (green) and non-renewable (grey) energy consumption of the EU-28. The white dots show the renewable energy share of the EU-28 compared to the target in 2020.

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The map provides an overview of wind farm areas in all stages of development in Europe. The pie chart shows the different levels of development %.

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The EU's final energy intensity decreased by 17.5 % between 2005 and 2016, at a rate of 1.7 % per year. Final energy consumption decreased at a rate of 0.7 % a year while gross domestic product grew by 1.1 % annually over the same period. This indicates a decoupling of final energy consumption from economic growth in the EU. During that period, final energy intensity decreased most in the industry sector (2.3 % per year), followed by the services or tertiary sector (1.6 % per year), the agriculture sector (1.7 % per year), the transport sector (1.1 % per year) and the households sector (1.0 % per year). Since 1990, total final energy intensity has decreased by 33.4 %, at a rate of 1.5 % per year, in the EU. The final energy intensity trend varied among non-EU European Environment Agency countries. Between 2005 and 2016, total final energy intensity decreased by 11.8 % in Norway and by 10.3 % in Turkey, and increased by 25.7 % in Iceland. The large increase in Iceland was mainly due to the recent growth in relatively energy inefficient geothermal energy sources.

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Between 2005 and 2016, final energy consumption decreased by 7.1% (0.7% annually) in the EU28. Final energy consumption decreased in all sectors, particularly in industry and households (16.4 %, and 8.0% respectively) but also in transport (0.5%). In the services sector the final energy consumption increased (3.8%). The overall decrease in final energy consumption since 2005 was influenced by economic performance, structural changes in various end-use sectors, in particular industry, improvements in end-use efficiency and lower heat consumption due to favorable climatic conditions particularly in 2011 and 2014. Between 2015 and 2016, the final energy consumption in the EU28 increased by 2% above its 2020 target. Preliminary data for 2017 suggest that the final energy consumption since 2005 decreased by 6.1% in the EU28 (0.5% annually), and increased between 2016 and 2017 by 1.1%. Between 1990 and 2016 the final energy consumption increased by 2.1% in the EU28 and by 7.5% in the EEA countries. In the EEA countries final energy consumption decreased by 3.9% (0.4% annually) between 2005 and 2016. The largest contributor of this decrease was the industry (15.7%) and the household sector (11.6%). On average, each person in the EEA countries used 2.0 tonnes of oil equivalent to meet their energy needs in 2016.

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This map illustrates the overall pressures to air from the aggregated releases of the eight heavy metals. Values (in kilograms) of the individual releases are first multiplied by a respective ‘eco-toxicity factor’, sourced from the USEtox model. Results are then aggregated, first by facility and then illustrated spatially using a standard heat map tool.

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This map illustrates the overall pressures to water from the aggregated releases of the eight heavy metals. Values (in kilograms) of the individual releases are first multiplied by a respective ‘eco-toxicity factor’, sourced from the USEtox model. Results are then aggregated, first by facility and then illustrated spatially using a standard heat map tool.

Read more

The bar charts represent the gross final renewable (green) and non-renewable (grey) energy consumption of the EU-28. The white dots show the renewable energy share of the EU-28 compared to the target in 2020.

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The map provides an overview of wind farm areas in all stages of development in Europe. The pie chart shows the different levels of development %.

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The three graphs show the progression of emission limits in EU industrial emission policy over time. The example chosen is that emission limits for SO2, NOx and dust from existing large coal fired power plants.

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Indexed SO2, NOx and dust emissions from electricity generation for 2004 to 2015

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