Data services overview

Left chart: Global annual averages of near-surface temperature of land and ocean expressed as the anomaly relative to the pre-industrial period 1850-1900 according to the datasets used by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S): ERA5 (C3S/ECMWF), JRA-55 (JMA), GISTEMPv4 (NASA), HadCRUT5 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTempv5 (NOAA) and Berkeley Earth. Right chart: European annual averages of near-surface temperature expressed as the anomaly relative to the pre-industrial period 1850-1900 according to the datasets used by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S): ERA5 (C3S/ECMWF), JRA-55 (JMA), GISTEMPv4 (NASA), HadCRUT5 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTempv5 (NOAA) and Berkeley Earth.

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Left panel: Observed temperature trend from stations available in the European Climate Assessment and Datasets (ECA&D) (with different lengths of records) for daily temperature. Right pannels: - Left map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP1-2.6. - Right map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP5-8.5.

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Projected changes in annual (left) and summer (right) precipitation (%) in the period 2071-2100 compared to the baseline period 1971-2000 for the forcing scenario RCP 8.5. Model simulations are based on the multi-model ensemble average of RCM simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative.

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Areas burnt by wildfires (2000-2017), Jan. 2020 This vector dataset presents the extent of areas in European countries directly affected by wildfires (period 2000-2017). This dataset can be used as one of the indications where the danger of wildfires may persist or increase in the future under the changing climate.

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Economic damages, insured economic damages and fatalities per year

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Aggregated data on 'Consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)'. Data reported by companies to the European Environment Agency (EEA) under Article 27 of Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 (EU Ozone Regulation). Data reported by companies on the production, import, export, destruction, and use of ozone-depleting substances in the EU-27 plus United Kingdom, 2006-2020.

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Ocean surface pH declined from 8.2 to below 8.1 over the industrial era as a result of an increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This decline corresponds to an increase in oceanic acidity of about 30%. Reductions in surface water pH are observed across the global ocean. Ocean acidification has impacts on marine organisms and has already affected the deep ocean, particularly at high latitudes. Models project further ocean acidification worldwide. The target under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 is to minimise the impacts of this by 2030.

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All European seas have warmed considerably since 1870, particularly since the late 1970s. During the period for which comprehensive data are available (1981-2018), sea surface temperature increased by between 0.2 °C, in the North Atlantic, and 0.5 °C, in the Black Sea, per decade. This increase is projected to continue, although more slowly than that of air temperature over land. The frequency and magnitude of marine heatwaves has also increased significantly globally and in European seas and is projected to continue, with increasing impacts on ecosystems and climate expected.

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New technology and tools are opening up new possibilities for environmental monitoring and analysis. For example, citizen science, satellite observations, big data and artificial intelligence present opportunities for improving the timeliness, comparability, granularity and integration of data.

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New technology and tools are opening up new possibilities for environmental monitoring and analysis. For example, citizen science, satellite observations, big data and artificial intelligence present opportunities for improving the timeliness, comparability, granularity and integration of data.

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Ocean surface pH declined from 8.2 to below 8.1 over the industrial era as a result of an increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. This decline corresponds to an increase in oceanic acidity of about 30%. Reductions in surface water pH are observed across the global ocean. Ocean acidification has impacts on marine organisms and has already affected the deep ocean, particularly at high latitudes. Models project further ocean acidification worldwide. The target under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 is to minimise the impacts of this by 2030.

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All European seas have warmed considerably since 1870, particularly since the late 1970s. During the period for which comprehensive data are available (1981-2018), sea surface temperature increased by between 0.2 °C, in the North Atlantic, and 0.5 °C, in the Black Sea, per decade. This increase is projected to continue, although more slowly than that of air temperature over land. The frequency and magnitude of marine heatwaves has also increased significantly globally and in European seas and is projected to continue, with increasing impacts on ecosystems and climate expected.

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Climate change has increased forest fire risk across Europe. Even so, the burnt area of the Mediterranean region has decreased slightly since 1980, indicating that fire control efforts have been effective. However, in recent years, forest fires have affected regions in central and northern Europe not typically prone to fires, and, in 2018, more countries suffered large fires than ever before, coinciding with record droughts and heatwaves. An expansion of fire-prone areas and longer fire seasons are projected in most European regions, so additional adaptation measures are needed.

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Left panel: Observed temperature trend from stations available in the European Climate Assessment and Datasets (ECA&D) (with different lengths of records) for daily temperature. Right pannels: - Left map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP1-2.6. - Right map: Projected temperature change between the WMO reference period 1981–2010 and the end of the 21st century (period 2081–2100) under the scenario SSP5-8.5.

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Projected changes in annual (left) and summer (right) precipitation (%) in the period 2071-2100 compared to the baseline period 1971-2000 for the forcing scenario RCP 8.5. Model simulations are based on the multi-model ensemble average of RCM simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative.

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Percentage of water use against water availability under the temperature scenario of 3 degree increase

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Left chart: Global annual averages of near-surface temperature of land and ocean expressed as the anomaly relative to the pre-industrial period 1850-1900 according to the datasets used by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S): ERA5 (C3S/ECMWF), JRA-55 (JMA), GISTEMPv4 (NASA), HadCRUT5 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTempv5 (NOAA) and Berkeley Earth. Right chart: European annual averages of near-surface temperature expressed as the anomaly relative to the pre-industrial period 1850-1900 according to the datasets used by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S): ERA5 (C3S/ECMWF), JRA-55 (JMA), GISTEMPv4 (NASA), HadCRUT5 (Met Office Hadley Centre), NOAAGlobalTempv5 (NOAA) and Berkeley Earth.

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Economic damages, insured economic damages and fatalities per year

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Economic damages, insured economic damages and fatalities per year

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