Data services overview

The charts show: Top figures: the temporal development in the number of species of each biogeographical affinity group (Atlantic, Boreal, Lusitania and Unknown) by marine region (Greater North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Seas and Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast). Bottom figures: the temporal development of the ratio between Lusitanian and Boreal species and sea surface temperature by marine region to investigate correlations.

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The maps show the temporal development of the ratio between the number of warm-favouring (Lusitanian) fish species and the number of cool-favouring (Boreal) fish species by The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) statistical area in 8-year intervals from 1982 to 2022.

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Observations are aggregated at the level of 100*100 km grid cells, and show the mean 25-percentile of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations subdivided in four classes (<2 mg/l, 2-4 mg/l, 4-6 mg/l, >6 mg/l). The pie charts indicate the relative spatial coverage of areas with the four different concentrations of DO, aggregated by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) marine regions - North-East Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea (smaller pie charts) and for all regions combined (large pie chart in centre). Oxygen concentrations above 6mg/l are considered to support marine life with minimal problems while concentrations less than 2mg/l (hypoxia, oxygen deficiency) are considered to cause severe problems.

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The left chart depicts the rise in global mean sea level from 1900 to 2022 based on two data sources. All values are relative to the average level of the period 1993-2010, during which the two datasets overlap. The grey line (Palmer et al., 2021) shows the ensemble sea-level reconstruction (using five members) of sea level anomalies during 1900-2010 (Palmer et al., 2021; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abdaec#erlabdaecs2). The dark grey line (CMEMS) shows the altimeter measurements corrected from the Topex-A drift at the beginning of the time series (Legeais et al., 2020), corrected for the GIA using the ICE5G-VM2 GIA model (Peltier, 2004), for the time series from 1993 to 2022. The right chart shows global mean sea level projections under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. Sea level projections considering only processes for which projections can be made with at least medium confidence are provided, relative to the period 1995-2014, for five SSP. The scenarios are described in sections TS1.3 and 1.6 and Cross-Chapter Box 1.4 of the Working Group 1 contribution. Sea level projections considering only processes for which projections can be made with at least medium confidence are provided, relative to the period 1995-2014, for five SSP. The scenarios are described in sections TS1.3 and 1.6 and Cross-Chapter Box 1.4 of the Working Group 1 contribution.

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In 2020, eleven countries succeeded in decreasing their emission intensities by more than 6%, with Sweden and Finland achieving the highest reductions (19.1% and 7.2% respectively).

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This entry points at data related to the "Exposure of vulnerable groups and social infrastructure to climate-related risks" viewer on the European Climate and Health Observatory platform. The viewer analyses the exposure of vulnerable populations (the elderly and unemployed) and social infrastructure (schools and hospitals) to the risk of flooding. It also presents the exposure of social infrastructure to the Urban Heat Island effect for 100 European cities.

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This vector dataset provides the climate suitability index values (0-100%) for tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) for 100 European cities for the years 2008-2009 (P90 - 90th percentile). Aedes Albopictus has become a common occurrence in Southern Europe and transmits diseases such as Zika, dengue and chikungunya. The climatic suitability for tiger mosquito depends on factors such as sufficient amounts of rainfall, high summer temperatures and mild winters. Climate change is anticipated to further facilitate the spread of tiger mosquitoes across Europe by changing temperature and precipitation patterns, thereby increasing the suitable habitat.

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In 2020, eleven countries succeeded in decreasing their emission intensities by more than 6%, with Sweden and Finland achieving the highest reductions (19.1% and 7.2% respectively).

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The maps show the temporal development of the ratio between the number of warm-favouring (Lusitanian) fish species and the number of cool-favouring (Boreal) fish species by The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) statistical area in 8-year intervals from 1982 to 2022.

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Observations are aggregated at the level of 100*100 km grid cells, and show the mean 25-percentile of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations subdivided in four classes (<2 mg/l, 2-4 mg/l, 4-6 mg/l, >6 mg/l). The pie charts indicate the relative spatial coverage of areas with the four different concentrations of DO, aggregated by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) marine regions - North-East Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea (smaller pie charts) and for all regions combined (large pie chart in centre). Oxygen concentrations above 6mg/l are considered to support marine life with minimal problems while concentrations less than 2mg/l (hypoxia, oxygen deficiency) are considered to cause severe problems.

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The projected probability increase of a certain extreme sea level is often presented as an amplification factor (AF) that indicates the ratio between the future and historical probability of that extreme sea level (commonly the 1-in-100 years extreme event). The use of the historical probability of the 1-in-100 years extreme sea level combined with future projections of sea level rise, available from CMIP6 projections (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6), allow to provide and estimate of the year of occurrence for a 10 times amplification of the historical event (AF10) under an optimistic future scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP1-2.6) and a future one without significant emissions abatement (SSP5-8.5).

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The charts show: Top figures: the temporal development in the number of species of each biogeographical affinity group (Atlantic, Boreal, Lusitania and Unknown) by marine region (Greater North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Seas and Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast). Bottom figures: the temporal development of the ratio between Lusitanian and Boreal species and sea surface temperature by marine region to investigate correlations.

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The left chart depicts the rise in global mean sea level from 1900 to 2022 based on two data sources. All values are relative to the average level of the period 1993-2010, during which the two datasets overlap. The grey line (Palmer et al., 2021) shows the ensemble sea-level reconstruction (using five members) of sea level anomalies during 1900-2010 (Palmer et al., 2021; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abdaec#erlabdaecs2). The dark grey line (CMEMS) shows the altimeter measurements corrected from the Topex-A drift at the beginning of the time series (Legeais et al., 2020), corrected for the GIA using the ICE5G-VM2 GIA model (Peltier, 2004), for the time series from 1993 to 2022. The right chart shows global mean sea level projections under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios. Sea level projections considering only processes for which projections can be made with at least medium confidence are provided, relative to the period 1995-2014, for five SSP. The scenarios are described in sections TS1.3 and 1.6 and Cross-Chapter Box 1.4 of the Working Group 1 contribution. Sea level projections considering only processes for which projections can be made with at least medium confidence are provided, relative to the period 1995-2014, for five SSP. The scenarios are described in sections TS1.3 and 1.6 and Cross-Chapter Box 1.4 of the Working Group 1 contribution.

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Maximum extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea in the winters 1719/20-2022/23 (green bars) and 15 year moving average (blue line). Source: Jouni Vainio, Finnish Meteorological Institute (updated from Seinä and Palosuo 1996; Seinä et al. 2001).

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