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 Distance-to-target graph for the CO limit value, 2010

The graph shows the percentage frequency distribution of stations (on the y-axis) in the EU Member States versus the various concentration classes (on the x-axis, in mg/m3). The vertical line corresponds to the limit value set by the EU legislation.

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Distance-to-target graphs for the daily (top) and hourly (bottom) limit values of SO2 for health protection, 2010

The graphs show the percentage frequency distribution of stations (on the y-axis) in the EU Member States versus the various concentration classes (on the x-axis, in µg/m3). Vertical lines correspond to the limit values set by the EU legislation.

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Distance-to-target graph for the benzene limit value, 2010

The graph shows the percentage frequency distribution of stations (on the y-axis) in the EU Member States versus the various concentration classes (on the x-axis, in µg/m3). The vertical line corresponds to the limit value set by the EU legislation.

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Distance-to-target graph for the benzo(a)pyrene target value, 2010

The graph shows the percentage frequency distribution of stations (on the y-axis) in the EU Member States versus the various concentration classes (on the x-axis, in ng/m3). The vertical line corresponds to the target value set by the EU legislation.

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Trend in average annual SO2 concentrations (2001–2010) per station type

All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagram a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.

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Trend in NO2 and NOX annual mean concentrations (2001–2010) per station type (top); percentage frequency distribution of estimated annual change of NO2 annual mean concentrations at urban stations and at traffic stations (bottom)

All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the top two diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations. In the percentage frequency distribution graphs, closed bars denote stations showing a statistically significant trend, open bars denote stations with a non-significant trend. Statistically significant trends (level of significance 0.1) are calculated by applying the Mann-Kendall test. The applied method is described in de Leeuw, 2012.

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Attainment situation for SO2, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001

The graphs are based on the 99.2 percentile of daily mean concentration values corresponding to the 4th highest daily mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.

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Attainment situation for NO2, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001

The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.

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Trend in annual mean of daily max 8 h-mean O3 concentrations (left) and trend in 93.2 percentile of daily 8 max h-mean O3 concentrations (right) (in μg/m3) for 2001–2010 per station type

All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations. The 93.2 percentile of daily max 8-h mean values is directly related to the target value for O3, as 25 days per year are allowed to have exceedances of the target value threshold of 120 μg/m3.

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Attainment situation for O3, reference years 2010, 2005 and 2001

The graphs are based on the 93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8 hours mean concentration values corresponding to the 26th highest daily maximum of the running 8h-mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.

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Urban PM2.5 concentrations presented as multi-annual average in the EU, 2008–2010

The three-year running mean of PM2.5 concentrations (2008–2010) is similar to the method used to calculate the average exposure indicator. Compiled data reflects background (non-traffic and non-industrial) urban and suburban stations. Results for countries marked with an asterisk are based on less than three years of data. The orange dots correspond to figures provided by the EU Member States in the air quality questionnaire.

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Trend in PM10 (left graph, 2001–2010) and PM2.5 (right graph, 2005–2010) concentrations per station type

All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years (PM10) or six years (PM2.5), were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.

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Attainment situation for PM2.5, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001

The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.

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Long term trends in material productivity 1980 (1992) – 2008 (2007)

This figure shows the material productivity (GDP per tonnes DMC) for selected EU27 countries and selected other countries in 1980 (1992) and 2009 (2008).

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Changes in physical foreign trade of EU-27, by product group, 1999–2011

This figure shows 1999-2011 direct imports and exports by eight product groups of the EU27 in million tonnes

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Growth in the Productivity of Labour, Energy and Materials in the EU

This figure shows the development of labour productivity, energy productivity and materials productivity in the EU

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Material productivity by country, 2000 vs 2008/2009

This figure shows the material productivity (GDP in millions of 2011 US$ (converted to 2011 price level with updated 2005 EKS PPPs) per tonnes DMC) for the EU27 member states and selected other countries in 2000 and 2009 respectively 2008.

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Total waste generation in the EU, EFTA, Turkey and Croatia  in 2008 by source

This figure shows the total waste generation distribution in percentages between different sources in the EU, EFTA, Croatia and Turkey in 2008

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