Do something for our planet, print this page only if needed. Even a small action can make an enormous difference when millions of people do it!
Information per Member State analysing the data quality and coherence of nature reporting data under Article 12 and Article 17.
Indicator based on the population trends of European grassland butterflies
This raster data set corresponds to the above ground vegetation biomass productivity time-series for the period 2000-2016. The data set addresses trends in land surface productivity derived from remote sensing observed time series of vegetation indices. The vegetation index used in the indicator is the Plant Phenology Index (PPI, Jin and Eklundh, 2014). PPI is based on the MODIS Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance product (MODIS MCD43 NBAR. The product provides reflectance data for the MODIS “land” bands (1 - 7) adjusted using a bi-directional reflectance distribution function. This function models values as if they were collected from a nadir-view to remove so called cross-track illumination effects. The Plant Phenology Index (PPI) is a new vegetation index optimized for efficient monitoring of vegetation phenology. It is derived from radiative transfer solution using reflectance in visible-red (RED) and near-infrared (NIR) spectral domains. PPI is defined to have a linear relationship to the canopy green leaf area index (LAI) and its temporal pattern is strongly similar to the temporal pattern of gross primary productivity (GPP) estimated by flux towers at ground reference stations. PPI is less affected by presence of snow compared to commonly used vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The product is distributed with 500 m pixel size (MODIS Sinusoidal Grid) with 5-days compositing period.
Europe is one of the most forest-rich regions in the world. The area covered by forest has increased over the last century and has remained stable for the last decade. Forests constitute the largest terrestrial ecosystem of Europe and are one of Europe's most important renewable resource.
The European inventory of nationally designated protected areas holds information about designated areas and their designation types, which directly or indirectly create protected areas. This is version 20 and covers data reported until March 2022.
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/biodiversity/dm or scan the QR code.
PDF generated on 02 Dec 2025, 06:20 PM
Engineered by: EEA Web Team
Software updated on 26 September 2023 08:13 from version 23.8.18
Software version: EEA Plone KGS 23.9.14
Document Actions
Share with others