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The solid lines are based on observations smoothed to remove the effects of interannual variability (light lines connect data points). Data in most recent years are obtained via satellite based sensors. The envelope of IPCC (2001) projections is shown for comparison; this includes the broken lines as individual projections and the shading as the uncertainty around the projections.
Vulnerability of assessed butterfly and amphibian species of different vulnerability categories in bio-geographical regions
This map presents riverine flood damage potential for a 100-year return period, current climate and no defences; catchments and sub-catchments of less than 500 km2 are not included
Tipping elements are regional-scale features of the climate that could exhibit threshold-type behaviour in response to human-driven climate change – that is, a small amount of climate change at a critical point could trigger an abrupt and/or irreversible shift in the tipping element. The consequences of such shifts for societies and ecosystems are likely to be severe. Question marks indicate systems whose status as tipping elements is particularly uncertain. There are other potential tipping elements that are missing from the map, for example shallow-water coral reefs (Veron et al. 2009) threatened in part by ocean acidification
These images compare ice age, a proxy for ice thickness, in 2007, 2008, 2009, and the 1981–2000 average. 2009 saw an increase in second-year ice over 2008. At the end of summer 2009, 32% of the ice cover was second-year ice and three-year and older ice were 19% of the total ice cover, the lowest in the satellite record.
If global greenhouse gas emissions would not be reduced, the 2°C target will be exceeded towards the middle of the 21st century. The horizontal 2°C target line takes into account warming of about 0.6 °C from pre-industrial to 1990. “Likely” ranges in average 2090-2099 warming for all six IPCC scenarios are shown on the right
This figure shows avoided net emissions of greenhouse gases from the waste management sector in EU-27 (minus Cyprus), Norway and Switzerland. More detailed, the figure shows the difference in the net emissions in years 2008 and 2020 scenarios to the base year’s (1995) net emissions
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/2010/advanced-search or scan the QR code.
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