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Find content across the European environment - state and outlook 2010
Water scarcity and drought events in Europe during the last decade

The map shows the main drought events in Europe in 2002 - 2011

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BOD5 concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2010 draining to different sea regions of Europe

The sea region data series are calculated as the average of annual mean data from river monitoring stations in each sea region. The data thus represents rivers or river basins draining into that particular sea. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). The number of river monitoring stations included per sea region is given in parentheses. There were no stations with consistent data series on BOD7 in rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean. BOD7 data has been recalculated into BOD5 data.

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Phosphorus concentrations in rivers (orthophosphate) between 1992 and 2010 in different sea regions of Europe

The sea region data series are calculated as the average of annual mean data from river monitoring stations in each sea region. The data thus represents rivers or river basins draining into that particular sea. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). The number of river monitoring stations per sea region is given in parentheses.

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Phosphorus concentrations in lakes (total phosphorus) between 1992 and 2010 in different geographical regions of Europe.

The data series per region are calculated as the average of the annual mean for river monitoring stations in the region. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). There were no stations with complete series after inter/extrapolation in the South and Southeast regions. The number of lake monitoring stations included per geographical region is given in parentheses

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Percentage of ecosystem area at risk of acidification for EEA Member Countries and EEA Cooperating Countries in 2010 for a current legislation (CLE) scenario

The results were computed using the 2008 Critical Loads database. Deposition data was made available by the LRTAP Convention EMEP Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling (CIAM) at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in autumn 2007.

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Average annual growth rates for passenger transport, EU-27, 1995-2008

The Figure is showing average annual growth rates of different means of transport within the EU-27 in the period between 1995-2008. (Actual yearly growth rates are of course differing from the averages used in the figure) The values for Air and Sea travel only include domestic and Intra-EU-27 transport. Most numbers are based on estimates and data for Air and Sea are provisional estimates.

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Water pricing and household water use in Spain and Estonia

(left) The graph shows the development of average prices for drinking water supply and water consumption of households in Spain. (right) The graph shows the development of average prices for water supply for human consumption in Estonia.

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Trends in appliance energy efficiency and ownership in households, EU-27

A time series of the available stock of three household appliances in EU27 compared to the specific energy consumption of those appliances and the total electricity consumption of households

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Households' final energy consumption per capita in EEA member countries, 2005 and 2010

The graph shows the average per capita final energy consumption of households in 2005 and 2010, divided into electricity consumption and other energy types

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Trends in heating energy consumption and energy efficiency of housing, EU-27

Time series of the growth in floor area of housing in EU27 coupled with the energy demands for space heating per dwelling, per m2 and total.

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Direct and indirect global pressures caused by private consumption distributed by consumption (COICOP) category, in EU-27, 2007

Direct and indirect GHGs induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year. Direct and indirect acidification emissions induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year. Direct and indirect troposheric ozone precursor emissions induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year. Direct material input induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year.

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Consumption and the environment — 2012 update

Update to the European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER 2010) thematic assessment

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Development of Ecological Footprint and Available Biocapacity per capita in EEA Member Countries

The ecological footprint is a measure of the area needed to support a population's lifestyle. This includes the consumption of food, fuel, wood, and fibres. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide emissions, is also counted as part of the footprint. Biocapacity measures how biologically productive land is. It is measured in 'global hectares': a hectare with the world average biocapacity. Biologically productive land includes cropland, pasture, forests and fisheries

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Material resources and waste — 2012 update

Update to the European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER 2010) thematic assessment

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The European environment – state and outlook 2010

SOER 2010 provides a set of assessments of the current state of Europe's environment, its likely future state, what is being done and what could be done to improve it, how global megatrends might affect future trends… and more.

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Global governance — the rise of non-state actors

A background report for the SOER 2010 assessment of global megatrends.

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Using resources more efficiently: Green Week 2011

Rethinking the way we use and manage resources is the subject of this year's Green Week, the European Commission's annual conference on environmental policy from 24-27 May, 2011.

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Land use conflicts necessitate integrated policy

Demand for land in Europe is high. Food and biomass production, housing, infrastructure and recreation all compete for space, with impacts on our climate, biodiversity and ecosystem services. In a recent assessment, the European Environment Agency (EEA) analyses land use change in Europe, concluding that we need an integrated policy approach based on reliable data to balance sectoral demands and manage land sustainably.

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Water exploitation index (WEI) — in late 1980s/early 1990s (WEI‑90) compared to latest years available (1998 to 2007)

WEI: annual total water abstraction as a percentage of available long-term freshwater resources.

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Greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-27 by sector in 2008, and changes between 1990 and 2008

The figures shows the total greenhouse (GHG) emissions in the EU-27 by sector and the changes between 1990 and 2008

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