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| 5EAP | 5th Environmental Action Programme |
| A | All Länder of Germany |
| ADEME | Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'energie, France |
| AFNOR | French standard on the design of vehicles to optimise their recycling/re-use at end of life |
| AIJ/JI | Activities implemented jointly/Joint Implementation |
| AIP | Associação Industrial Portuguesa, Association of Portuguese Industries |
| BAU | Business as Usual |
| BDI | Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, Federal Association of German Industry |
| BDZ | Bundesverband der Deutschen Ziegelindustrie, Federal Association of German Cement Industry |
| BGW | Bundesverband der deutschen Gas- und Wasserwirtschaft, Federal Association of German Gas and Water Utilities |
| BMW | Bayerische Motorenwerke (car manufacturer), Munich/Germany |
| BOD | Biological Oxygen Demand |
| CAIMA | Small Portuguese pulp paper producing company |
| CEC | Commission of the European Communities |
| CEFIC | European Confederation of Chemical Industry |
| CELPA | Sector da Pasta de Papel, Portuguese pulp paper association |
| CEP | Company Environmental Plan, Netherlands |
| CEPA | Consolidated Environmental Protection Act, Denmark |
| CFC | Chlorinated Flour-Carbons |
| CFF | Compagnie Française de la Feraille, French Company operating many shredder sites. |
| CGS | Centre de Gestion Scientifique, Unit in ‘Ecole de Mines’, Paris/France |
| CIRED | Centre International de Recherche sur l’Environnement et le Développement, International Centre for Research on Environment and Development, France |
| CNPA | Conseil National des Professions de l’Automobile, association of car dismantlers, France |
| CO | Carbon monoxide |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| COD | Chemical Oxygen Demand |
| COP | Conference of the Parties |
| D | Germany |
| DCMR | Association of Provinces, Netherlands |
| DG | Directorate General (of the European Commission) |
| DGA | Direcção-Geral Do Ambiente, Portuguese Environment Ministry |
| DGI | Direcção Geral Da Indústria, Portuguese Industry Ministry |
| DHS | Dansk Handel Service, Danish Trade Service |
| DIW | Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (German Institute for Economics Research) |
| DK | Denmark |
| DOE | Department of Environment, (here: Ireland) |
| DRIRE | Regional environmental regulator, France |
| DSD | Duales System Deutschland |
| DSM | Demand side management |
| EA | Environmental Agreement |
| EC | European Commission |
| ECU | European Currency Unit |
| EEA | European Environment Agency |
| EEB | European Environmental Bureau |
| EIONET | European Environment Information and Observation Network |
| ELV | End-of-Life Vehicles |
| EM | Environmental Management Act, Netherlands |
| EMAS | Environmental Management and Auditing System |
| EMS | Environmental Management System, Netherlands |
| en. | Energy |
| EP | European Parliament |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency, here: Sweden, Denmark |
| EPS | Expanded polystyrene |
| ERM | Environmental Resource Management, British Consultant |
| est. | estimated |
| ETUC | European Trade Union Confederation |
| EU | European Union |
| EURELECTRIC | Grouping of the Electricity Supply Industry |
| FCCC | Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| FEDEREC | Fédération Française de la Récupération pour la Gestion Industrielle de l’Environnement et du Recyclage, French Recovery Federation for Industrial Management of the Environment and Recycling |
| FGD | Flue Gas Desulphurisation |
| FO | Consultative Group for the Chemical Industry, Netherlands |
| FoE | Friends of the Earth, environmental NGO, here: Sweden |
| FR | France |
| FRF | French Francs |
| GHG | Greenhouse gas |
| H2S | Hydrogen Sulphide |
| HDPE | High-density polyethylene |
| ICCA | International Council of Chemicals Associations |
| IEA | International Energy Agency, Paris/France |
| IETP | Integrated Environmental Target Plan, Netherlands |
| ifo | Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Institute for Economics Research, Munich/Germany |
| IPPC | Integrated Pollution Prevention Control |
| ISO | International Organisation for Standardisation |
| ITOT | International Environment Technology Transfer Centre, Leipzig/Germany |
| KL | Kommunernres Landsforening, National Association of Local Authorities, Denmark |
| KPMG | International Consultant Group |
| LDPE | Low-density polyethylene |
| MEP | Member of Parliament |
| MSW | Municipal Solid Waste |
| MWV | Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, Oil Refining Industry, Germany |
| MYA | Multi-year agreement |
| N | New Länder, former part of East-Germany |
| NEPP | National Environmental Policy Plan, Netherlands |
| NFP | National Focal Point (of the EEA) |
| NFR | Swedish Packaging Council |
| NGO | Non-Governmental Organisation (here mainly used for environmental ones) |
| NL | Netherlands |
| NM3 | normal cubic meter |
| NOx | Nitrogen oxides |
| O | Old Länder, former part of West-Germany |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris |
| P | Portugal |
| P&P | Pulp Paper |
| PAH | Polycyclic (or polynuclear) aromatic hydrocarbons |
| PARCOM | Convention for the Prevention of Maritime Pollution from Land Based Sources (Paris Convention) |
| PCB | Polychlorobiphenyls |
| PEDIP | Specific Programme for Development of Portuguese Industry |
| Perf. | Performance |
| Pers. Comm. | Personal Communication |
| PET | Polyethylene terephthalate |
| PORTARIA | Portuguese law on water/effluent and air emissions of pulp paper industry |
| PORTUCEL | Large Portuguese pulp paper producing company |
| PP | Polypropylene |
| prod. | Production |
| PRTR | Pollutant Release and Transfer Register |
| PSA | French car company with the two constituent companies Peugeot and Citroën |
| PTE | Portuguese Escudos |
| PVC | Polyvinylchlorine |
| PWS | Priority Waste Streams |
| R&D | Research and Development |
| red’n | Reduction |
| Ref. | Reference |
| REPA | Reparegistret, Swedish Packaging Collection Scheme |
| RES | Renewable Energy Sources |
| RUE | Rational Use of Energy |
| RWE | Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektriztitätswerk, Utility company, Germany |
| RWI | Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Rhine-Westphalian Economics Research Institute, Germany |
| S | Sweden/Sulphur |
| SEARN | Secretarias de Estado do Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais |
| SEI | Secretarias de Estado da Industria |
| SEK | Swedish Crones |
| SME | Small and Medium-sized Enterprises |
| SNM | Stichting Natuur en Milieu, Dutch Environmental NGO |
| SO2 | Sulphur dioxide |
| SOPORCEL | Large Portuguese pulp paper producing company |
| sp. | Specific |
| SPMP | Syndicat des Producteurs de Matières Plastiques, Association of plastic manufacturers, France |
| STORA | Medium Portuguese pulp paper producing company |
| TEU | Treaty on European Union |
| tot. | total |
| TSS | Total Suspended Solids |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| UNCED | United Nations Conference on Environment and Development |
| UNICE | Union of Industrial and Employers’ Confederation of Europe |
| VA | Voluntary Agreements |
| VCI | Verband der Chemischen Industrie, Association of Chemical Industry, Germany |
| VDEW | Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke, Association of German electricity supply companies |
| VDZ | Verein Deutscher Zementwerke, Association of German cement companies |
| VIK | Verband der Industriellen Energie- und Kraftwirtschaft, Federation of Industrial Energy Consumer and Self-Producers, Germany |
| VKU | Verband kommunaler Unternehmen, Association of Municipal Enterprises, Germany |
| VNCI | Dutch Chemical Industries Associations |
| VNONCW | Confederation of the Netherlands’ Industry and Employers |
| VROM | Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment |
| WWT | Waste Water Treatment |
| yr | year |
| ZEW | Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, Centre for European Economics Research, Mannheim/Germany |
| ZVEI | Zentralverband der Elektro-Industrie, Association of the Household Appliances Industries, Germany |
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-052-9-sum/page010.html or scan the QR code.
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