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Spatial variation in N surplus (left) and P surplus (right) for the year 2010 in the EU-27

The figure shows the spatial variation in nitrogen (N) surplus (left map) and phosporus (P) surplus (right map) for all agricultural land in the EU-27 in 2010 (excluding the United Kingdom and Croatia). The surplus for N is calculated as the sum of N inputs to land (fertiliser, manure and biosolids, atmospheric N deposition, biological fixation and net mineralisation) minus crop removal (offtake). The surplus for P is calculdated as the sum of P inputs to land (fertiliser, manure and biosolids, atmospheric P deposition) minus crop removal (offtake). In the two maps, regions with higher N and P surpluses are coloured in shades of orange and red (with red colours representing N surpluses over 150 kg/ha/yr and P surpluses of 12 kg/ha/yr, respectively). Regions with lower N and P surpluses are shown in shades of green. N surpluses occur in nearly all regions, and are highest in areas with high livestock densities such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Brittany in France and the Po valley region in Italy. Because P is adsorbed by the soil, P surpluses can be negative in areas where crop uptake exceeds P input and P inputs are completely eliminated (so-called P mining), such as in parts of France, Germany, Czechia, Slovakia and Hungary. The maps and the supporting information are adapted from De Vries, W., Romkens, P., Kros, H., Voogd, J.C.H., Schulte-Uebbing, L., 2022, Impacts of nutrients and heavy metals in European agriculture. Current and critical inputs in relation to air, soil and water quality, ETC-DI Report 2022/01, European Environment Agency.

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Total waste generation in the EU (excluding major mineral waste), indexed to 2010, and compared with GDP, 2010-2020

Figure shows indexed values of waste generation per capita and gross domestic product (GDP) with year 2010 as a reference year (2010=100%). Production phase shows generation of total waste and waste excluding major mineral wastes. GDP was chosen as a basic indicator of the economic growth as it expresses the total value of goods and services produced in the country (the components of GDP include personal consumption expenditures plus business investment plus government spending plus (exports minus imports)).

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Comparison of 16 climate and environmental impacts of EU consumption with the Earth’s carrying capacity

The figure shows how many times the planetary boundaries are exceeded for various impacts due to EU consumption patterns.

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Landfill — air emissions of selected pollutants from 2010-2020, indexed to 2010

Emissions reported to European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) of 3 pollutants (CO2, NH3, CH4), and number of reporting facilities. Emissions from 2010-2020, indexed to 2010. Activity covered: 5d in annex I of the E-PRTR Regulation (‘Landfills (excluding landfills of inert waste and landfills which were closed before 16.7.2001 or for which the after-care phase required by the competent authorities according to Article 13 of the Landfill Directive); receiving 10 tonnes per day or with a total capacity of 25 000 tonnes’).

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Incineration plants (non-hazardous waste incineration) — air emissions of selected pollutants, from 2010-2020, indexed to 2010

Emissions reported to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) of 3 pollutants (NOX, PAH, dioxins and furans), and number of reporting facilities. Emissions from 2010-2020, indexed to 2010 (except PAH indexed to 2009). Activity covered: 5b in Annex I of the E-PRTR Regulation (‘Installations for the incineration of non-hazardous waste in the scope of the Industrial Emissions Directive; with a capacity of 3 tonnes per hour').

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Estimated potential volume and value of industrial symbiosis activities by industry

This shows the potential volume and value of waste currently generated by industry in the EU and which can be utilised in industrial symbiosis activities

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Trends in the risk and use of chemical pesticides in the EU-27, 2011-2020

The European Commission has developed a set of risk indicators on chemical pesticides to track progress towards the Zero Pollution and Farm to Fork target for pesticide reduction. These indicators show that the risk and use of pesticides has decreased by 14% since the baseline period in 2015-2017.

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Industrial releases of pollutants to air and economic activity in the EU-27, 2010-2020

The figure shows the trend of pollutant releases into air in the EU-27 from 2010 to 2020 by using 2010 releases values as reference. In addition, gross value added (GVA) from the industry sector is presented.

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Estimated mineral fertiliser consumption by agriculture in the EU-27, 2008-2018

The graph shows mineral fertiliser consumption, separately for nitrogen and phosphorus

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Past trends in and distance to target for residual municipal waste

The chart puts together the trends (2004-2020) and projections (2020-2030) in both total and residual municipal waste for EU-27, for the case in which the 60% recycling rate target of 2030 would be met. A comparison with the residual target allows for some insight on the distance of the projections to the actual target.

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Consumption of chemical groups in the EU, 2004-2020, indexed to 2004

This shows consumption of three groups of chemicals: total, hazardous to health, hazardous to the environmnent.

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Industrial releases of pollutants to water and economic activity in the EU-27, 2010-2020

The figure shows the trend of pollutant releases into water in the EU-27 from 2010 to 2020 by using 2010 releases values as reference. In addition, gross value added (GVA) from the industry sector is presented.

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Amount of total waste (excluding major mineral waste) sent to landfill in the EU, 2010-2018

The figure shows absolute amount, in million tonnes, of waste, excluding major mineral waste, generated and deposited in landfills for the EU-27 as well as the share of generated waste that is landfilled.

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Chart of pesticide incidence by country

The figure shows the percentage of soil samples for each country with a specified number of detections of pesticides, based on analysis of 118 different pesticides in the samples.

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SOLUTIONS project output simulating the impact of chemical mixtures on a potentially affected fraction of species (msPAF) and highlighting regions where there could be significant chemical pollution pressure on freshwater species

This map shows a mixture toxicity metric called multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction of species (msPAF). For individual substances, the Potentially Affected Fraction of species (PAF) is derived from the results from laboratory toxicity tests, as the fraction of the tested species that would show effects if a laboratory test would be performed with a given concentration of the chemical. To this end, the results from laboratory tests have been converted beforehand into a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The individual PAFs are then combined into an msPAF using the dose-addition principle. For this map, toxicity tests have been used that seek to quantify the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC). The use of this endpoint links the result to the regulatory concept of “sufficient protection” of aquatic ecosystems. The above has been applied to the simulated concentrations of 1,785 chemicals on 365 consecutive days, and the 95 percentile of the results per site have been mapped.

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Cadmium accumulation in soils in the EU-27, 2010

Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural top soils (upper 20 cm)

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