Countries' perspectives on SOER 2015 - Climate change mitigation cross-country comparison
Synthesis report
- Foreword
- Executive summary
- 1. The changing context of European environmental policy
- 2. The European environment in a wider perspective
- 3. Protecting, conserving and enhancing natural capital
- 4. Resource efficiency and the low-carbon economy
- 5. Safeguarding people from environmental risks to health
- 6. Understanding the systemic challenges facing Europe
- 7. Responding to systemic challenges: from vision to transition
- References and bibliography
- Synthesis report content index
Global megatrends
- Setting the scene
- Diverging global population trends (GMT 1)
- Towards a more urban world (GMT 2)
- Changing disease burdens and risks of pandemics (GMT 3)
- Accelerating technological change (GMT 4)
- Continued economic growth? (GMT 5)
- An increasingly multipolar world (GMT 6)
- Intensified global competition for resources (GMT 7)
- Growing pressures on ecosystems (GMT 8)
- Increasingly severe consequences of climate change (GMT 9)
- Increasing environmental pollution (GMT 10)
- Diversifying approaches to governance (GMT 11)
European briefings
- Agriculture
- Air pollution
- Biodiversity
- Climate change impacts and adaptation
- Consumption
- Energy
- Forests
- Freshwater quality
- Green economy
- Health and environment
- Hydrological systems and sustainable water management
- Industry
- Land systems
- Marine environment
- Maritime activities
- Mitigating climate change
- Natural capital and ecosystem services
- Noise
- Resource efficiency
- Soil
- The air and climate system
- Tourism
- Transport
- Urban systems
- Waste
Cross-country comparisons
- Agriculture — organic farming
- Air pollution — emissions of selected pollutants
- Biodiversity — protected areas
- Energy — energy consumption and share of renewable energy
- Freshwater quality — nutrients in rivers
- Mitigating climate change — greenhouse gas emissions
- Resource efficiency — material resource efficiency and productivity
- Transport — passenger transport demand and modal split
- Waste — municipal solid waste generation and management
Countries and regions
- Albania country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Austria country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Belgium country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Bosnia and Herzegovina country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Bulgaria country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Croatia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Cyprus country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Czech Republic country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Denmark country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Estonia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Finland country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- France country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Germany country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Greece country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Hungary country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Iceland country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Ireland country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Italy country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Kosovo* country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Latvia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Liechtenstein country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Lithuania country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Luxembourg country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Malta country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Montenegro country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- The Netherlands country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Norway country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Poland country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Portugal country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Romania country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Serbia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Slovakia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Slovenia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Spain country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Sweden country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Switzerland country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Turkey country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- United Kingdom country briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Arctic region briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Black Sea region briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
- Mediterranean Sea region briefing - The European environment — state and outlook 2015
Ireland
Ireland faces considerable challenges in moving to a low carbon economy. In particular, there is a significant risk that Ireland will not meet its EU 2020 targets. For the period 2020 to 2030, greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be 11 per cent higher again than in 2020 if further policies and measures are not in place to curb the growth in carbon intensity.
- Link to national indicator 1
- Link to national indicator 2
- Link to national indicator 3
- Other important link (e.g. national SOE website/report)
Kosovo
Total emissions of all greenhouse gasses in 2008 reached 9.5 Mt CO2 eq. They increased to 10.5 Mt CO2 eq. in 2009. This relatively high increase was driven almost solely by increased fossil fuel combustion. Carbon dioxide constitutes about 80% of all emissions, while methane and nitrous oxide are both about 10%. The so called new greenhouse gases, such as HFCs and PFCs, are almost negligible.
The most important sector for whole inventory is sector "1A Fuel combustion activities" which constitute about 80% of all anthropogenic emissions in Kosovo. The most important source category for Kosovo is solid fuels combustion.
Kosovo in comparison with other countries in Europe has still relatively low emissions per capita. This is mainly because of favourable geographical conditions and also because of the lack of energy intensive industries, intensive agriculture and lack of waste management. As we expect that all these factors will change in the future possibly increasing emissions, there is also an opportunity to follow carbon neutral development strategies.
Luxembourg
The high level of GHG emissions per capita recorded for Luxembourg is explained by the same reasons that are presented for the air pollution indicator, more precisely for NOx. However, even if "road fuel sales to non-residents" are excluded, Luxembourg would still rank amongst those, in Europe, with the highest emissions per person.
Netherlands
According to the National Energy Outlook report 2014 (NEV in Dutch) cumulative emissions in the 2013-2020 period will amount to 808-811 megatons CO2-eq.; well below the target for non-ETS-sectors of 897 megatons in 2020.
Poland
Poland has fivefold overachieved the GHG reduction target as set out under the Kyoto Protocol for 2008-2012. The quantified emission reduction commitment for 2013-2020 under the Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol, Poland will fulfil jointly with the European Union and overachievement of this target is expected. The annual GHG emissions for 1988-2012 in Poland can be found at CDR/EIONET and the UNFCCC websites:
http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/pl/eu/ghgmm http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_ghg_inventories/national_inventories_submissions/items/8108.php.
It should be noted that following the recent national projection there is no risk in the context of meeting the Effort Sharing Decision target for non-trading sectors for Poland. The description of policies and measures undertaken and planned as well as GHG projections in Poland are given in the Sixth National Communication and the First Biennial Report to the Conference of the parties to the UNFCCC: http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/application/pdf/pol_nc6.pdf
- Link to national indicator 1
- Link to national indicator 2
- Link to national indicator 3
- Other important link (e.g. national SOE website/report)
The content on this page is the sole responsibility of the EEA member and cooperating countries supported by the EEA through guidance and editing.
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Geographic coverage
SOER 2015 cross-country comparisons analyse selected environmental issues across a number of EEA countries. They are part of the EEA's report SOER 2015, addressing the state of, trends in and prospects for the environment in Europe. The EEA's task is to provide timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information on Europe's environment.
For references, see www.eea.europa.eu/soer or scan the QR code.
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