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Tipping elements are regional-scale features of the climate that could exhibit threshold-type behaviour in response to human-driven climate change – that is, a small amount of climate change at a critical point could trigger an abrupt and/or irreversible shift in the tipping element. The consequences of such shifts for societies and ecosystems are likely to be severe. Question marks indicate systems whose status as tipping elements is particularly uncertain. There are other potential tipping elements that are missing from the map, for example shallow-water coral reefs (Veron et al. 2009) threatened in part by ocean acidification
These images compare ice age, a proxy for ice thickness, in 2007, 2008, 2009, and the 1981–2000 average. 2009 saw an increase in second-year ice over 2008. At the end of summer 2009, 32% of the ice cover was second-year ice and three-year and older ice were 19% of the total ice cover, the lowest in the satellite record.
If global greenhouse gas emissions would not be reduced, the 2°C target will be exceeded towards the middle of the 21st century. The horizontal 2°C target line takes into account warming of about 0.6 °C from pre-industrial to 1990. “Likely” ranges in average 2090-2099 warming for all six IPCC scenarios are shown on the right
This figure shows avoided net emissions of greenhouse gases from the waste management sector in EU-27 (minus Cyprus), Norway and Switzerland. More detailed, the figure shows the difference in the net emissions in years 2008 and 2020 scenarios to the base year’s (1995) net emissions
This figure shows the waste generation in the EU-27 (without Cyprus) plus Norway and Switzerland and the distribution between treatment paths from 1990 to 2020.
This figure shows the net emissions of greenhouse gases from the waste management sector in EU-27 (minus Cyprus), Norway and Switzerland. The figure also shows the emissions associated with each waste management option.
The figure shows the amount of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) that has been put on the market, collected in total, collected from private households and reused and recycled in 22 European countries, stated in kg/capita. The figures are related to the collection target of 4kg/capita/year. All values are related to 2006.
This figure shows 2006 landfilling of biodegradable waste as a percentage of the 1995 biodegradable waste generation and how countries comply to the EU requirements for 2006, 2009 and 2016.
Climate change mitigation chapter SOER 2010
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/find/global or scan the QR code.
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