Table 2
Table 2. Theoretical health benefits, in terms of reductions in premature deaths, that would have been attained in 2019 if the different EU limit values and WHO guidelines for PM2.5 had been met, by country
|
Country |
2019 levels |
EU limit value 25 µg/m3
|
EU indicative limit value 20 µg/m3
|
WHO interim target 3 15 µg/m3 |
WHO interim target 4 (2005 WHO air quality guideline) 10 µg/m3 |
WHO air quality guideline 5 µg/m3 |
|||||
|
Premature deaths |
Premature deaths |
% reduction on 2019 levels |
Premature deaths |
% reduction on 2019 levels |
Premature deaths |
% reduction on 2019 levels |
Premature deaths |
% reduction on 2019 levels |
Premature deaths |
% reduction on 2019 levels |
|
|
Austria |
5,200 |
5,200 |
0 |
5,200 |
0 |
5,100 |
2 |
4,300 |
17 |
2,300 |
56 |
|
Belgium |
6,500 |
6,500 |
0 |
6,500 |
0 |
6,500 |
0 |
5,800 |
11 |
3,000 |
54 |
|
Bulgaria |
10,600 |
10,500 |
1 |
10,000 |
6 |
8,600 |
19 |
6,000 |
43 |
3,100 |
71 |
|
Croatia |
4,200 |
4,200 |
0 |
4,100 |
2 |
3,800 |
10 |
2,900 |
31 |
1,500 |
64 |
|
Cyprus |
700 |
700 |
0 |
700 |
0 |
600 |
14 |
500 |
29 |
200 |
71 |
|
Czechia |
8,500 |
8,500 |
0 |
8,500 |
0 |
8,200 |
4 |
6,200 |
27 |
3,200 |
62 |
|
Denmark |
2,900 |
2,900 |
0 |
2,900 |
0 |
2,900 |
0 |
2,900 |
0 |
1,600 |
45 |
|
Estonia |
500 |
500 |
0 |
500 |
0 |
500 |
0 |
500 |
0 |
400 |
20 |
|
Finland |
1,500 |
1,500 |
0 |
1,500 |
0 |
1,500 |
0 |
1,500 |
0 |
1,400 |
7 |
|
France |
29,800 |
29,800 |
0 |
29,800 |
0 |
29,800 |
0 |
28,100 |
6 |
15,900 |
47 |
|
Germany |
53,800 |
53,800 |
0 |
53,800 |
0 |
53,800 |
0 |
51,400 |
4 |
27,000 |
50 |
|
Greece |
10,400 |
10,400 |
0 |
10,300 |
1 |
9,300 |
11 |
6,700 |
36 |
3,400 |
67 |
|
Hungary |
10,400 |
10,400 |
0 |
10,400 |
0 |
10,200 |
2 |
7,300 |
30 |
3,700 |
64 |
|
Ireland |
1,300 |
1,300 |
0 |
1,300 |
0 |
1,300 |
0 |
1,300 |
0 |
900 |
31 |
|
Italy |
49,900 |
49,900 |
0 |
49,100 |
2 |
45,200 |
9 |
34,500 |
31 |
17,700 |
65 |
|
Latvia |
1,600 |
1,600 |
0 |
1,600 |
0 |
1,600 |
0 |
1,400 |
13 |
800 |
50 |
|
Lithuania |
2,500 |
2,500 |
0 |
2,500 |
0 |
2,500 |
0 |
2,100 |
16 |
1,100 |
56 |
|
Luxembourg |
200 |
200 |
0 |
200 |
0 |
200 |
0 |
200 |
0 |
100 |
50 |
|
Malta |
300 |
300 |
0 |
300 |
0 |
300 |
0 |
200 |
33 |
100 |
67 |
|
Netherlands |
8,900 |
8,900 |
0 |
8,900 |
0 |
8,900 |
0 |
8,300 |
7 |
4,200 |
53 |
|
Poland |
39,300 |
39,100 |
1 |
37,600 |
4 |
32,700 |
17 |
22,800 |
42 |
11,600 |
70 |
|
Portugal |
4,900 |
4,900 |
0 |
4,900 |
0 |
4,900 |
0 |
4,800 |
2 |
3,000 |
39 |
|
Romania |
21,500 |
21,500 |
0 |
21,300 |
1 |
19,600 |
9 |
14,300 |
33 |
7,300 |
66 |
|
Slovakia |
4,200 |
4,200 |
0 |
4,200 |
0 |
4,000 |
5 |
2,900 |
31 |
1,500 |
64 |
|
Slovenia |
1,400 |
1,400 |
0 |
1,400 |
0 |
1,400 |
0 |
1,100 |
21 |
600 |
57 |
|
Spain |
23,300 |
23,300 |
0 |
23,200 |
0 |
23,100 |
1 |
20,800 |
11 |
11,600 |
50 |
|
Sweden |
2,800 |
2,800 |
0 |
2,800 |
0 |
2,800 |
0 |
2,800 |
0 |
2,300 |
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Albania |
4,000 |
4,000 |
0 |
3,800 |
5 |
3,300 |
18 |
2,300 |
43 |
1,200 |
70 |
|
Andorra |
40 |
40 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
20 |
50 |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
5,900 |
5,400 |
8 |
4,800 |
19 |
4,000 |
32 |
2,800 |
53 |
1,400 |
76 |
|
Iceland |
50 |
50 |
0 |
50 |
0 |
50 |
0 |
50 |
0 |
50 |
0 |
|
Kosovo |
2,800 |
2,800 |
0 |
2,600 |
7 |
2,100 |
25 |
1,500 |
46 |
700 |
75 |
|
Liechtenstein |
10 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
Monaco |
20 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
10 |
50 |
|
Montenegro |
900 |
900 |
0 |
800 |
11 |
700 |
22 |
500 |
44 |
300 |
67 |
|
North Macedonia |
3,400 |
3,200 |
6 |
2,900 |
15 |
2,500 |
26 |
1,700 |
50 |
900 |
74 |
|
Norway |
1,200 |
1,200 |
0 |
1,200 |
0 |
1,200 |
0 |
1,200 |
0 |
1,000 |
17 |
|
San Marino |
30 |
30 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
20 |
33 |
10 |
67 |
|
Serbia |
11,400 |
11,200 |
2 |
10,300 |
10 |
8,300 |
27 |
5,700 |
50 |
2,900 |
75 |
|
Switzerland |
3,200 |
3,200 |
0 |
3,200 |
0 |
3,200 |
0 |
3,200 |
0 |
1,900 |
41 |
|
United Kingdom |
33,100 |
33,100 |
0 |
33,100 |
0 |
33,100 |
0 |
31,800 |
4 |
17,200 |
48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EU27 |
306700 |
306,500 |
0 |
303,500 |
1 |
289,200 |
6 |
241,400 |
21 |
129,400 |
58 |
|
Total |
372,800 |
371,700 |
0 |
366,600 |
2 |
347,700 |
7 |
292,200 |
22 |
156,900 |
58 |
Note:
Premature deaths for the different scenarios were calculated on the assumption that all PM2.5 concentrations for 2019 over the level under consideration were reduced to that respective level, while concentrations in areas that already attain or were below that level remained unchanged.
Numbers of premature deaths are rounded to the nearest hundred.
Percentages are founded to the nearest integer.
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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2021/table-2 or scan the QR code.
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