8.1 - The Significance of Landscapes 8.1.1 - The concept of landscape 8.1.2 - Values and functions of landscapes 8.1.2.1 - Sustainable use of natural resources 8.1.2.2 - Wildlife habitats 8.1.2.3 - Economic benefits 8.1.2.4 - Open spaces and scenery 8.1.2.5 - Cultural heritage 8.1.3 - Landscape as a European concern
8.2 - Description of European Landscapes 8.2.1 - The approach 8.2.1.1 - Actual and potential vegetation 8.2.1.2 - Soil, landform and geomorphology 8.2.1.3 - The agricultural use of the land 8.2.1.4 - Rural landscapes 8.2.1.5 - Forest landscapes 8.2.2 - Comparison of 30 European landscapes
8.3 - Landscapes under stress 8.3.1 - Agricultural intensification 8.3.2 - Agricultural abandonment 8.3.3 - Urban expansion and uncontrolled settlement 8.3.4 - Standardisation of building material and design 8.3.5 - Infrastructure development and transport 8.3.6 - Tourism and recreation 8.3.7 - Mining, landfill and military areas 8.3.8 - Loss of wildlife and habitats
8.4 - Landscape Conservation and Strategies 8.4.1 - National protection of landscapes 8.4.2 - Worls Heritage Convention 8.4.3 - A possible convention for the protection of Europe's rural landscapes 8.4.4 - Environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) and related measures 8.4.5 - Ecological networks and the landscapes 8.4.6 - Planning and management
8.5 - Conclusions

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