Health impacts of air pollution in Europe, 2022 Table 2.

Page Last modified 26 Jan 2023

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This content is part of the Air quality in Europe 2022 report.

Table 2. Total country population, population-weighted mean concentrations and the estimated number of attributable premature deaths by country in 2020

		PM_2.5		NO₂		O₃
Country	Population 1,000 inhabitants	Annual mean concentrations	Premature deaths	Annual mean concentrations	Premature deaths	SOMO35	Premature deaths
Austria	8,901	9.9	3,200	14.3	810	4,584	470
Belgium	11,522	9.4	3,900	14.3	1,100	3,798	530
Bulgaria	6,951	17	10,600	16.7	1,700	2,967	430
Croatia	4,058	15.4	4,100	13.1	420	4,760	300
Cyprus	1,230	14	560	20.8	180	6,295	60
Czechia	10,694	12.5	6,900	12.5	740	4,252	620
Denmark	5,823	7.6	1,000	7.5	40	2,287	140
Estonia	1,329	5.4	60	5.8	<10	1,468	30
Finland	5,525	4.4	60	6.2	10	1,365	80
France	65,178	8.6	16,500	12.2	4,400	4,271	3,100
Germany	83,166	9.1	28,900	15.2	10,000	4,195	4,600
Greece	10,718	14.5	8,800	16.9	1,900	6,167	920
Hungary	9,770	14.5	9,500	14.9	1,400	4,044	640
Ireland	4,964	7.1	490	7.4	50	1,908	70
Italy	59,641	15	52,300	17.7	11,200	6,067	5,100
Latvia	1,908	9.1	830	9.7	100	1,699	50
Lithuania	2,794	9.8	1,500	10.1	140	2,044	100
Luxembourg	626	7.3	80	15.8	50	4,272	20
Malta	515	10.2	150	11	10	6,592	30
Netherlands	17,408	9.1	5,000	15.9	1,800	3,426	640
Poland	37,958	16	36,500	13.1	3,400	3,216	1,700
Portugal	9,795	8.1	2,600	12.5	850	3,585	470
Romania	19,329	15.2	21,600	15.1	3,100	2,955	1,000
Slovakia	5,458	14.5	3,900	11.3	210	3,867	260
Slovenia	2,096	12.5	1,300	12.8	150	5,008	130
Spain	45,166	10	17,000	14.6	4,800	4,522	2,400
Sweden	10,328	4.8	370	6.5	40	2,181	240

Albania	2,846	15.6	3,600	12.8	330	5,678	310
Andorra	78	8.5	20	17.6	10	2,812	<10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,825	25.8	9,200	14.1	610	4,047	300
Iceland	364	4.2	< 1	7.2	<10	1,582	<10
Kosovo	1,782	19.4	3,100	14.4	260	3,901	130
Liechtenstein	39	8.1	10	15.3	<10	4,976	<10
Monaco	38	10.5	20	18.1	10	6,445	<10
Montenegro	622	17.4	920	13.7	90	4,338	50
North Macedonia	2,076	20.3	3,800	14.2	290	4,345	180
Norway	5,368	4.6	160	8.2	90	2,042	90
San Marino	35	12.8	20	13.2	<10	5,387	<10
Serbia	6,927	22.7	14,400	14.9	1,200	3,099	420
Switzerland	8,606	8.1	1,700	14.5	660	5,387	450
Türkiye	83,155	N/A	N/A	24.9	12,300	4,561	2,300

EU27	442,851	11.2	238,000	14.1	49,000	4,182	24,000
EEA32 excluding Türkiye	457,228	11	240,000
EEA32	540,383			15.7	62,000	4,237	27,000
All countries excluding Türkiye	475,456	11.4	275,000
All countries	558,612			15.7	64,000	4,228	28,000

Note: SOMO35 is the accumulated O₃ concentration (daily maximum 8-hour mean) in excess of 35 ppb (i.e. 70 μg/m³ for O₃). This aggregation has been selected because it is recommended in (WHO, 2013) for estimating the health impacts of exposure to O₃.

The annual mean (in μg/m³) and the SOMO35 (in μg/m³·days), expressed as population-weighted mean concentrations, are obtained according to the methodology described by ETC/HE 12/2022 and references therein and not only from monitoring stations.

The population for each country and every aggregation are rounded to the nearest thousand.

Premature deaths are rounded, for every country, to the nearest hundred if the number is above 1,000 - and to the nearest ten if the number is below 1,000.

Premature deaths are rounded (once the unrounded national totals have been added) to the nearest thousand for the EU-27, EEA-32 and all countries.

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Albania Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom

For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-table2 or scan the QR code.

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