Air pollution

Exceedance of critical loads for acidification by deposition of nitrogen and sulphur compounds in 2020 under Current Legislation to reduce national emissions

The results were computed using the 2008 Critical Loads database hosted by the Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE).

Change (%) in mercury emissions 1990-2010 (EEA member countries)

The reported change in mercury (Hg) emissions for each country, 1990-2010.

Change (%) in HCB emissions 1990-2010 (EEA member countries)

The reported change in hexachlorobenzene (HCB) emissions for each country, 1990-2010.

Change (%) in PAH emissions 1990-2010 (EEA member countries)

The reported change in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) emissions for each country, 1990-2010.

Exposure of European agricultural areas to ozone (AOT40)

The map shows the Ozone AOT40 for crops, reference year 2010

Ozone AOT40 for forest, 2010

The map shows the exposure of European forest areas to ozone (AOT40), reference year 2010

Ozone 26th highest maximum 8-hour daily value, 2010

-

Ozone SOMO35, 2010

-

PM10 36th highest daily value, 2010

-

PM2.5 annual average, 2010

-

Ozone 26th highest maximum 8-hour daily value - TV Exceedance, 2010

-

PM10 36th highest daily value, LV Exceedance, 2010

-

PM10 annual average, LV Exceedance, 2010

-

PM2.5 annual average, TV Exceedance, 2010

-

PM10 annual average, 2010

-

Evolution of CO2 emissions from new passenger cars by fuel type

Graph showing progression of average emissions for new cars versus 2015 and 2020 targets

Average annual PM2.5 levels on the territory of Plovdiv Municipality as a result from emissions of all sources in 2011

The modeling for 2011 is done for regional background level in scale of 15 μg/m3 for PM 2.5

City limits considered in the Air Implementation Pilot of Antwerp, Berlin, Dublin, Madrid, Malmö, Milan, Paris, Ploiesti, Plovdiv, Prague, Vienna and Vilnius and air quality zones (for PM10, 2010 and 2011) in which they are included

12 European Cities participating in the Air Implementation Pilot depicting the Air Quality zones and the Urban Audit core city limits. The intention is to show the match between AQ zones and the Urban Audit city limits.

Modelling results for Vilnius: 2010 annual PM10 mean value

-

Annual mean concentrations of NO2 predicted for 2015, Vienna

-

EU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — ammonia (NH3)

The figure shows the trends for air pollution - NH3

EU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC)

The figure shows the trends for air pollution - NMVOCs

EU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — nitrogen oxides (NOX)

The figure shows the trends for air pollution - Nox

EU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

The figure shows the trends for air pollution - particulate matter (PM2.5)

Percentage of population exposed to NO2 annual concentrations in urban areas, 2001-2011 (EU-27)

The annual mean limit value is 40 µg NO2/m3. Over the years 2001-2010 the total population, for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 93 to 124 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting air quality data under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Greece and Malta, are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.

Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with ozone concentrations over the long-term objective for protection of human health, 2001-2011 (EU-27)

The target value is 120 µg O3/m3 as daily maximum of 8 hour mean, not to be exceeded more than 25 days per calendar year, averaged over three years and to be achieved where possible by 2010. Over the years 2001-2010 the total population for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 88 to 118 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Greece and Malta is not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.

Percentage of urban population resident in areas for days per year with SO2 concentration exceeding daily limit value, 2001-2011 (EU-27)

The limit value is 125 µg SO2/m3 as a daily average, not to be exceeded more than three days in a year. Over the years 2001-2009 the total population for which exposure estimates are made, increased from 85 to 100 million people due to an increasing number of monitoring stations reporting under the Exchange of Information Decision. Year-to-year variations in exposure classes are partly caused by the changes in spatial coverage. Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Denmark, Greece and Malta, are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.

4th highest 24-hour mean SO2 concentration observed at urban stations, 2001-2011 (EU-27)

Only urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations have been included in the calculations. Data for Cyprus, Denmark, Greece and Malta, are not included due to missing availability of operational urban and sub-urban background monitoring stations in the Urban Audit cities.

Attainment situation for PM10, PM2.5 and O3 in 2011

The graph is based on the 90.41 percentile of PM10 daily mean concentration values corresponding to the 36th highest daily mean for each Member State; the boxes present the range of concentrations at all stations types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data. The graph is based on PM2.5 annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all stations types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data. The graph is based on the 93.15 percentile of maximum daily 8-hour mean concentration values corresponding to the 26th highest daily maximum of the running 8-h mean for each Member State; the boxes present the range of concentrations at all stations types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.

EU Emissions of primary PM and of PM precursor gases

Emissions of primary PM fell in the EU by 14 % for PM10 and 16 % for PM2.5 between 2002 and 2011. The reductions in the same period for the 32 EEA member countries were 9 % for PM10 and also 16 % for PM2.5.