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Air quality in Europe 2019

Publication Created 24 Jun 2019 Published 16 Oct 2019
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This report presents an updated overview and analysis of air quality in Europe from 2000 to 2017. It reviews the progress made towards meeting the air quality standards established in the two EU Ambient Air Quality Directives and towards the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs). It also presents the latest findings and estimates of population and ecosystem exposure to the air pollutants with the greatest impacts.
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Publication Created 24 Jun 2019 Published 16 Oct 2019
EEA Report No 10/2019
This report presents an updated overview and analysis of air quality in Europe from 2000 to 2017. It reviews the progress made towards meeting the air quality standards established in the two EU Ambient Air Quality Directives and towards the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs). It also presents the latest findings and estimates of population and ecosystem exposure to the air pollutants with the greatest impacts.

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: 978-92-9480-088-6
: TH-AL-19-012-EN-C

Please note: an edit was made to Figure 3.3 on page 30, on 21 October 2019.

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Country comparison of the PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 The graph is based on annual mean concentration PM2.5 values. For each country, together with the number of stations considered, the lowest, highest and median values (in µg/m3) recorded at its stations are given. The rectangles mark the 25th and 75th percentiles. At 25 % of the stations, levels are below the lower percentile; at 25 % of the stations, concentrations are above the upper percentile. The limit value set by EU legislation is marked by the upper horizontal line. The WHO AQG is marked by the lower horizontal line.
Annual mean nickel concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of nickel in 2017. The map shows the nickel annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colours categories indicate stations with exceedances of the annual target value (20 ng/m3). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Archived
PM2.5 annual mean in 2016 The map represents the calculated concentrations of PM2.5 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at regional and urban background stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.
Archived
NO2 annual mean in 2016 The map represents the calculated concentrations of NO2 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at monitoring stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.
Annual mean arsenic concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of arsenic in 2017. The map shows the arsenic annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colours categories indicate stations with exceedances of the annual target value (6 ng/m3). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean lead concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of lead in 2017. The map shows the lead annual mean concentrations. Dots in the last two categories indicate stations with concentrations above the annual limit value (0.5 µg/m3). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean lead and nickel concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of lead (left) and nickel (right) in 2017. The map shows the lead and nickel annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with concentrations exceeding the target value (0.5 µg/m3 for lead and 20 ng/m3 for nickel). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Rural concentration of the ozone indicator AOT40 for vegetation, 2016 Accumulated ozone exposure values for crops — over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (AOT40c) — for 2016, as calculated for the fusion maps and as measured at rural background stations.
Ozone indicator SOMO35 in 2016 The map represents the calculated concentrations of O3 (SOMO35) combining monitoring data at regional and urban background stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.
Rural concentration of the ozone indicator AOT40 for vegetation, 2017 Accumulated ozone exposure values for crops — over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (AOT40c) — for 2017, as calculated for the fusion maps and as measured at rural background stations.
93.2 percentile of O3 maximum daily 8-hour mean in 2017 Observed concentrations of O3 in 2017. The map shows the 93.2 percentile of the O3 maximum daily 8-hour mean, representing the 26th highest value in a complete series. It is related to the O3 target value, allowing 25 exceedances over the 120-μg/m3 threshold. At sites marked with the last two colour categories dots, the 26th highest daily O3 concentration exceeded the 120-μg/m3 threshold, implying an exceedance of the target value threshold. Only stations with more than 75 % of valid data have been included in the map.
CO maximum daily 8-hour mean in 2017 Observed concentrations of CO in 2017. The map shows the maximum CO daily 8-hour mean. The dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with concentrations exceeding the limit value and the WHO air quality guidance (10 mg/m3). Only stations with more than 75 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of PM2.5 in 2017. The map shows the PM2.5 annual mean concentrations. Dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with concentrations exceeding the limit value (25 μg/m3). Dots in the first colour category indicate stations reporting values below the WHO air quality guidance for PM2.5 (10 μg/m3). Only stations with more than 75 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean arsenic and cadmium concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of arsenic (left) and cadmium (right) in 2017. The map shows the arsenic and cadmium annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with exceedances of the annual target value (6 ng/m3 for arsenic and 5 ng/m3 for cadmium). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
PM10 annual mean in 2016 The map represents the calculated concentrations of PM10 (annual mean) combining monitoring data at regional and urban background stations with results from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) chemical transport model and other supplementary data.
90.4 percentile of PM10 daily concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of PM10 in 2017. The map shows the 90.4 percentile of the PM10 daily mean concentrations, representing the 36th highest value in a complete series. It is related to the PM10 daily limit value, allowing 35 exceedances of the 50 μg/m3 threshold over 1 year. Dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with exceedances of this daily limit value. Only stations with more than 75 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual concentrations of PM10 in 2017 Observed concentrations of PM10 in 2017. The map shows the PM10 annual mean concentrations. Dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with concentrations exceeding the limit value (40 μg/m3). Dots in the first colour category indicate stations reporting values below the WHO air quality guidance for PM10 (20 μg/m3). Only stations with more than 75 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean NO2 concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of NO2 in 2017. The map shows the NO2 annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colour categories indicate stations with exceedances of the annual limit value (40 µg/m3). Only stations with more than 75 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean BaP concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of BaP in 2017. The map shows the BaP annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last colour category indicate stations with exceedances of the annual target value (1 ng/m3). The dots in the first colour category correspond to concentrations under the estimated WHO reference level (0.12 ng/m3). Only stations reporting more than 14 % of valid data, as daily, weekly or monthly measurements, have been included in the map.
Annual mean benzene concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of benzene in 2017. The map shows the benzene annual mean concentrations. Dots in the last colour category indicate stations with exceedances of the annual limit value (5 µg/m3). Dots in the first colour category correspond to concentrations under the estimated WHO reference level (1.7 µg/m3). Only stations with more than 50 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Annual mean cadmium concentrations in 2017 Observed concentrations of cadmium in 2017. The map shows the cadmium annual mean concentrations. The dots in the last two colours categories indicate stations with exceedances of the annual target value (5 ng/m3). Only stations with more than 14 % of valid data have been included in the map.
Rural concentration of the ozone indicator AOT40 for vegetation, 2016 Accumulated ozone exposure values for crops — over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (AOT40c) — for 2016, as calculated for the fusion maps and as measured at rural background stations.
Rural concentration of the ozone indicator AOT40 for forest, 2016 Accumulated ozone exposure values for forest — over a threshold of 40 parts per billion (AOT40f) — for 2016, as calculated for the fusion maps and as measured at rural background stations.

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