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Greenhouse gas emissions under the EU Emissions Trading System

Indicator
workflow
Metadata
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Climate action
Descriptive indicator (Type A - What is happening to the environment and to humans?)
Pressure
Supporting information
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Data on emissions from the EU ETS originate from the EU Transaction Log and are provided by the European Commission to the European Environment Agency. These data are then processed by the European Topic Centre on Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/CM). More information is available from "}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/european-union-emissions-trading-scheme-17", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/european-union-emissions-trading-scheme-17", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "ETC/CM documentation"}]}, {"text": " (see Data Quality paper and Background Note under the tab \u2018Additional information\u2019)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The scope of the ETS has changed since its inception, with new sectors, gases and countries being added. To make emissions comparable across years, an estimate was made to reflect the current scope across the whole timeline (i.e. how emissions would have been in the past if the current scope had been applied). More information on this scope estimate can be found "}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/european-union-emissions-trading-scheme-17", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/european-union-emissions-trading-scheme-17", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "here"}]}, {"text": " (ETC/CME, 2019)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Projections of GHG emissions are provided by Member States to the EEA under the Governance Regulation. This occurs every 2 years, with some Member States providing updates yearly."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The cap was calculated based on an established yearly reduction of 2.2% on the number of released allowances. The "}, {"url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal/increasing-ambition-eu-emissions-trading_en", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal/increasing-ambition-eu-emissions-trading_en", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "newly proposed cap"}]}, {"text": " is based on a reduction of 4.2% annually."}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/api/SITE/data-and-maps/data/european-union-emissions-trading-scheme-17", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/api/SITE/data-and-maps/data/european-union-emissions-trading-scheme-17", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) data from EUTL"}]}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/api/SITE/data-and-maps/data/greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-for-9", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/api/SITE/data-and-maps/data/greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-for-9", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "Member States' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections"}]}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "This indicator shows greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) since its inception in 2005. It also shows projections for these emissions to 2030, the current and newly proposed targets for that year and the planned maximum emission allowance (cap)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Figure 2 shows trends in emissions, in percentage change since 2013, for selected industry sectors and for aviation. The year 2013 was chosen as the baseline, since this is the first year with which comparisons can be made in sectoral categories."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Detailed data and information on historical ETS emissions can be found in the EEA\u2019s "}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/emissions-trading-viewer-1", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/emissions-trading-viewer-1", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "ETS data viewer"}]}, {"text": " and associated documentation. Information on GHG projections can be found in the EEA\u2019s dedicated "}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/eea-greenhouse-gas-projections-data-viewer/", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/eea-greenhouse-gas-projections-data-viewer/", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "GHG projections data viewer"}]}, {"text": ", "}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-for-8", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-for-8", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Member States\u2019 GHG emission projections data download page"}]}, {"text": " and "}, {"url": "https://climate-energy.eea.europa.eu/topics/climate-change-mitigation/projected-future-emissions/intro", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://climate-energy.eea.europa.eu/topics/climate-change-mitigation/projected-future-emissions/intro", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "climate and energy platform"}]}, {"text": "."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"url": null, "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": null, "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"text": "Scope"}]}, {"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"url": null, "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": null, "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}, {"url": "#_msocom_1", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "#_msocom_1", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Geographical"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The EU ETS applies in the European Economic Area, comprising all 27 EU Member States (EU-27), Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The United Kingdom has not participated in the EU ETS since 2021 and is excluded from this indicator. The exceptions are power plants in Northern Ireland, which are covered by the EU ETS and are included in this indicator (unless stated otherwise)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Sectoral"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The EU ETS applies to stationary facilities covering the electricity and heat sector and energy-intensive industries, with emissions over certain thresholds. Flights departing from and landing in participating countries are also covered by the ETS, as well as flights from EEA countries to the United Kingdom and Switzerland. For more information on the scope of the ETS, please visit the European Commission\u2019s dedicated "}, {"url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets_en", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-emissions-trading-system-eu-ets_en", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "EU ETS web page"}]}, {"text": "."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Projections"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The projections shown in this indicator refer to the EU-27 plus Iceland and Norway. Emissions from Liechtenstein and Northern Ireland are not included in the projections because of a lack of data. However, given the low levels of ETS emissions from these territories, the omission of these projections does not significantly affect the expected trend or the assessment of progress."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Targets"}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "It should be noted that, among other differences, the newly proposed target included in the "}, {"url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal_en", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal_en", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Fit for 55 package"}]}, {"text": " (a 61% reduction compared with 2005) would apply to an extended scope, including maritime transport. More information is available on the European Commission web page \u2018"}, {"url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal/increasing-ambition-eu-emissions-trading_en", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal/increasing-ambition-eu-emissions-trading_en", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Increasing the ambition of EU emissions trading"}]}, {"text": "\u2019. In this indicator, we consider only the current scope of the EU ETS, and this newly proposed target is treated as indicative."}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-agriculture.1", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-agriculture.1", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Million tonnes of CO\u2082 equivalent (Mt CO\u2082e);"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Percentage"}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The EU ETS is a cornerstone of EU policy to combat climate change and is a key tool for reducing GHG emissions in a cost-effective way. It was the world's first major carbon market and remains the largest."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The EU ETS is a \u2018cap and trade\u2019 system, whereby a cap (i.e. a determined quantity of emission allowances) is set on the emissions from the installations covered by the system. The cap decreases gradually with the aim of achieving emission reductions over time. Installations can trade emission allowances with one another, to ensure that emission reductions take place with the least cost."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "This indicator helps to monitor the reduction in emissions under the EU ETS and track progress towards reaching the agreed target. It also illustrates differences between different industrial sectors and aviation, including by highlighting differences in progress."}]}]
1
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[{"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/593", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/593", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "Emissions Trading Directive"}]}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/690", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/690", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action"}]}]}]
Layout
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This reflects the ongoing decarbonisation of the European energy system, characterised by a switch from coal to gas and renewables. This activity is by far the largest contributor to ETS emissions (61%), hence explaining why the reduction in this sector is responsible for most of the overall reduction in emissions in the last decade. Although emissions from \u2018combustion of fuels\u2019 increased in 2021, they did remain below pre-pandemic levels.", "required": true, "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Most of the reduction in EU ETS emissions is accounted for by a reduction in emissions from \u2018combustion of fuels\u2019, which mainly covers the power sector. This reflects the ongoing decarbonisation of the European energy system, characterised by a switch from coal to gas and renewables. This activity is by far the largest contributor to ETS emissions (61%), hence explaining why the reduction in this sector is responsible for most of the overall reduction in emissions in the last decade. Although emissions from \u2018combustion of fuels\u2019 increased in 2021, they did remain below pre-pandemic levels."}]}], "readOnlySettings": true, "fixed": true, "@type": "slate", "instructions": {"data": "<p><br/></p>", "content-type": "text/html", "encoding": "utf8"}}, "0da5590d-a56a-4d8f-bbfb-50a9f91a39ba": {"plaintext": "ETS emissions from industry show a mixed picture. Overall, industry emissions have declined slightly since 2013, driven by decreases in emissions from oil refining and the iron and steel sector. All industry sectors dropped in emissions in 2020, followed by a rebound. Notably, emissions from the iron and steel sector made a full recovery in 2021.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "ETS emissions from industry show a mixed picture. 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Emissions from aviation have grown rapidly since 2013, due to increased air travel and difficulties in decarbonising this sector. Emissions were abated only by the strict travel restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. 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measures\u2019 scenario, indicate that, in 2030, ETS emissions will be 47% below 2005 levels. Emissions are projected to remain under the existing cap level until then. The power sector and, to a lesser extent, manufacturing industries are expected to account for most of the projected reduction in ETS emissions.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Projections provided by participating countries, based on a \u2018with additional measures\u2019"}, {"type": "footnote", "data": {"footnote": "The \u2018with additional measures \u2018 (WAM) scenario includes measures and policies currently implemented by Member States as well as those planned. It does not yet account for many of the measures proposed in response to the European Commission\u2019s Fit for 55 package. Projections include all EU Member States, Iceland and Norway.", "label": "The \u2018with additional measures \u2018 (WAM) scenario includes measures and policies currently implemented by Member States as well as those planned. It does not yet account for many of the measures proposed in response to the European Commission\u2019s Fit for 55 package. Projections include all EU Member States, Iceland and Norway.", "uid": "bPIqs", "value": "The \u2018with additional measures \u2018 (WAM) scenario includes measures and policies currently implemented by Member States as well as those planned. It does not yet account for many of the measures proposed in response to the European Commission\u2019s Fit for 55 package. Projections include all EU Member States, Iceland and Norway.", "extra": []}, "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"text": " scenario, indicate that, in 2030, ETS emissions will be 47% below 2005 levels. Emissions are projected to remain under the existing cap level until then. The power sector and, to a lesser extent, manufacturing industries are expected to account for most of the projected reduction in ETS emissions. "}]}]}, "33fde111-f10b-426f-a7fe-c31e29e7735f": {"plaintext": "The current 2030 target to reduce ETS emissions by 43% compared with 2005 levels is likely to be met. In July 2021, the European Commission adopted a series of legislative proposals that aim to decrease GHG emissions by 55% overall by 2030, compared with 2005 \u2014 the Fit for 55 package. They also aim to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. For emissions covered by the EU ETS, this would mean a more ambitious target, of a 61% reduction compared with 2005, and a more stringent yearly emissions cap. More efforts to decarbonise the sectors covered by the ETS will be required to meet the newly proposed target.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The current 2030 target to reduce ETS emissions by 43% compared with 2005 levels is likely to be met. In July 2021, the European Commission adopted a series of legislative proposals that aim to decrease GHG emissions by 55% overall by 2030, compared with 2005 \u2014 the Fit for 55 package. They also aim to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. For emissions covered by the EU ETS, this would mean a more ambitious target, of a 61% reduction compared with 2005, and a more stringent yearly emissions cap. More efforts to decarbonise the sectors covered by the ETS will be required to meet the newly proposed target. "}]}]}, "deb7e84d-d2c8-4491-90fa-3dc65fe02143": {"plaintext": "", "required": true, "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}], "readOnlySettings": true, "fixed": true, "@type": "slate", "instructions": {"data": "<p><br/></p>", "content-type": "text/html", "encoding": "utf8"}}, "26a6e1c7-8c7c-46cf-9164-dd2bb2eadc43": {"plaintext": "Stationary emissions covered by the EU ETS have steadily decreased in recent years, with a sharp decline in 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The main drivers of long-term reductions have been an increasing carbon price set by the EU ETS, changing fuel prices (particularly periods of low gas prices, which encouraged a switch from carbon-intensive coal) and renewable energy policies that promote the decarbonisation of the power sector. Lower energy demand has also played a key role, resulting from the roll-out of energy efficiency measures, declining demand for certain industrial products and the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for 2021 show a notable rebound in emissions, linked to post-pandemic recovery and an increase in the price of gas, with emissions being 82 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (MtCO 2 e) higher than in 2020. Emissions remained well below pre-COVID-19 levels, however, with ETS emissions in 2021 being 36% below 2005 levels when the ETS started.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Stationary emissions covered by the EU ETS have steadily decreased in recent years, with a sharp decline in 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The main drivers of long-term reductions have been an increasing carbon price set by the EU ETS, changing fuel prices (particularly periods of low gas prices, which encouraged a switch from carbon-intensive coal) and renewable energy policies that promote the decarbonisation of the power sector. Lower energy demand has also played a key role, resulting from the roll-out of energy efficiency measures, declining demand for certain industrial products and the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for 2021 show a notable rebound in emissions, linked to post-pandemic recovery and an increase in the price of gas, with emissions being 82 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (MtCO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2"}]}, {"text": "e) higher than in 2020. Emissions remained well below pre-COVID-19 levels, however, with ETS emissions in 2021 being 36% below 2005 levels when the ETS started."}]}]}, "84a9797a-d3ce-4d87-8375-d46d01d1c658": {"plaintext": "The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a \u2018cap and trade\u2019 system operating in the European Economic Area . It sets a yearly cap on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stationary installations, covering power- and carbon-intense industries, and a separate cap on flights within Europe. The EU ETS sectors together account for 36% of total emissions from the European Economic Area.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) is a \u2018cap and trade\u2019 system operating in the European Economic Area"}, {"type": "footnote", "data": {"footnote": "( [1] ) EU Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Power plants in Northern Ireland also participate in the EU ETS.", "label": "( [1] ) EU Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Power plants in Northern Ireland also participate in the EU ETS.", "uid": "j6oHf", "value": "( [1] ) EU Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Power plants in Northern Ireland also participate in the EU ETS.", "extra": []}, "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"text": ". It sets a yearly cap on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stationary installations, covering power- and carbon-intense industries, and a separate cap on flights within Europe. The EU ETS sectors together account for 36% of total emissions from the European Economic Area. 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