Indicator Specification

Content-Type

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Soil moisture deficit

22 Mar 2021

This indicator shows the annual deviation in soil moisture content of each 500-m grid cell from the long-term (1995-2019) average. Negative soil moisture anomalies indicate that the annual average availability of soil moisture to plants drops to such a level that it has the potential to affect terrestrial vegetation and, hence, cause persistent changes in ecosystem condition. Negative long-term averages and negative trends in the annual data indicate increasing pressures on vegetation and ecosystems, and thus represent a climatic driver that should be considered in EU nature restoration plans. Therefore, the indicator can inform policy action on ecosystem restoration in the EU but also on adaptation to climate change.

Conservation status of species under the EU Habitats Directive

31 Mar 2021

The indicator illustrates the conservation status and trends of 1 389 species of Community interest listed in the Habitats Directive at EU and Member State level. Conservation status is shown as good, poor, bad or unknown. It is based on data collected under the reporting obligations of Article 17 of the EU Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC).

Conservation status of habitats under the EU Habitats Directive

18 Dec 2020

The indicator illustrates the conservation status and trends of 233 habitats of European interest listed in the Habitats Directive at EU and Member State level. Conservation status is shown as good, poor, bad and unknown. It is based on data collected under the reporting obligations of Article 17 of the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC).

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations

10 Dec 2020

The indicator shows the observed trends in greenhouse gas concentration levels. Greenhouse gases differ in the way they affect the climate system. In order to sum the effects of the individual greenhouse gases and other forcing agents in the atmosphere, the so-called ‘greenhouse gas equivalent concentration’ has been defined. This is the concentration of CO 2 that would cause the same amount of radiative forcing as a mixture of CO 2 and other forcing agents (greenhouse gases and aerosols).

Arctic and Baltic sea ice

08 Dec 2020

This indicator shows trends in the area of Arctic sea ice in March (annual ice maximum) and September (annual ice minimum). Satellite observations cover the period from 1979 until now. Projections until 2100 are based on an ensemble of climate models from the CMIP6 exercise, which informs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report. Note that earlier versions of this indicator have shown the extent rather than the area of Artic sea ice, which is closely related, but can lead to somewhat different numbers. The indicator also shows observations of maximum annual ice extent in the Baltic sea, reaching back to 1719.