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Assessing the climate mitigation potential of circular economy

This briefing provides information about the interlinkages between circular economy and climate change mitigation. It is based on a literature review of recent modelling results and supports the 2025 Clean Industrial Deal and 2020 Circular Economy Action Plan.

EEA-Eionet Strategy 2021-2030 – Update January 2026

This document presents the vision and strategic objectives that will shape the work of the European Environment Agency and European Environment Information and Observation Network in the upcoming period to 2030. The work will be carried out under the three areas of work identified in the document. More detailed information on concrete activities will be provided in Single Programming Documents.

Overheated and underprepared: Europeans' experience of living with climate change

This report was jointly developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound) and is based on the findings from an online survey. It explores the experiences of climate-related impacts, resilience actions taken at home, the perception of local actions implemented, and concerns about future impacts among a sample of Europeans.

Making agriculture, energy and transport climate resilient: how much money is required and what will it deliver?

In times of limited budgets and numerous challenges, any investment decision needs to be taken with care. This briefing outlines the long-term benefits of investing in climate resilience. It presents the costs of enhancing resilience in some of Europe’s most climate-vulnerable sectors and describes the benefits for EU’s economy and society.

Single programming document 2026-2028

The Single Programming Document 2026-2028 is a key strategic planning document used by the EEA to outline its multiannual objectives, priorities, and resource allocation for the years in question. It serves as the agency’s roadmap for delivering on its mandate and supporting EU environmental policies. The document includes the EEA's strategic objectives, legal frameworks, action plans, resource planning and emphasises its focus on innovation.

Environmental statement report 2024

The EEA′s annual environmental statement report for 2024 conforms to requirements stipulated in the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) Regulation and takes into account the sectoral reference document for the public administration sector. The report contains information on the EEA′s environmental management system (EMS), its environmental performance in 2024, and the updated environmental targets and an action plan for 2025.

EEA Digital Capability Strategy 2025-2030

The Digital capability strategy outlines how the EEA-Eionet will invest in technology, data, people, processes and innovation to leverage digitalisation. It identifies the digital capabilities needed to meet current needs and prepare for future uses. It also highlights the opportunities presented by emerging technologies, big data, artificial intelligence and Earth Observation. By embracing this strategy, we will offer more efficient and effective services, better support decision-making and foster simplification. Building on over 30 years of EEA‑Eionet progress, the strategy charts a path towards a more digitally-empowered future to support Europe's green ambitions.

Monitoring report on progress towards the 8th EAP objectives 2025

The EEA takes stock annually of progress towards the 8th Environment Action Programme (8th EAP) objectives on the basis of a set of 28 headline indicators and corresponding targets.

Harm to human health from air pollution in Europe: burden of disease status, 2025

This briefing provides the latest estimates of population health impacts caused by long-term exposure to fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. It is based on data up to the year 2023.

Air quality around ports and airports

This briefing presents information about air quality near key European ports and airports, based on 2021 and 2023 data from EEA member countries and air quality maps. It supports the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive, which identifies ports and airports as potential air quality hotspots.

Antimicrobial resistance in surface waters — developing environmental monitoring for better risk management

This briefing outlines the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Europe’s surface waters. It is relevant to the EU One Health Action Plan against AMR and water policies including the revised Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Eionet members highlighted key national priorities.

From adaptation planning to action: Insights into progress and challenges across Europe

This briefing outlines the progress and challenges around Europe’s climate adaptation policies and actions, drawing on 2025 data reported by the EU-27 under the Governance Regulation, with extra insights from voluntary reporting by Iceland, Switzerland and Türkiye and desk research .

Trends and projections in Europe 2025

This report explores the historical trends, most recent progress and projected future developments in climate change mitigation through reduced greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy gains and improved energy efficiency. It builds upon data reported by all 27 European Union (EU) Member States, five European Environment Agency (EEA) member countries and nine Energy Community contracting parties. A technical background document accompanies this report, providing further detail on the data sources and targets referenced throughout.

Preventing cardiovascular disease through a healthy environment

This briefing provides information about how environmental factors contribute to cardiovascular disease in Europe. It also identifies how policies can help alleviate the problem. It is based on data compiled by the EEA and intends to inform discussions about the EU Cardiovascular Health Plan.

Nature-based solutions for fire-resilient European forests

This briefing outlines the potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) to reduce fire risk and increase overall climate resilience across Europe’s forests. It is based on a review of forest management case studies across Europe and available literature, and is published in the context of the EU adaptation strategy and the forest strategy for 2030 .

Opportunities for innovation in the bioeconomy

This briefing identifies bio-based innovations with high potential to support the forthcoming updated EU bioeconomy strategy. The briefing also relates to broader EU climate and biodiversity goals, helping inform national and regional strategies. The analysis draws on data from EU and international institutions.

Economic losses and fatalities from weather- and climate-related extremes

This briefing is about the significant fatalities and economic losses from natural hazards between 1980 and 2023. It also examines the widening insurance protection gap, includes fresh data on six Western Balkan countries and insights to complement the relevant annual indicator .

Enhancing Europe’s land carbon sink

This report provides a description of the land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector, as a relatively new sector in EU climate governance. It assesses the sector in terms of reported GHG emissions and removals, based on information provided in the latest EU greenhouse gas inventories as well as latest available projections data (reporting years 2023-2024). The report provides insights on ways to mitigate GHG emissions and enhance removals in the LULUCF sector, and what enabling conditions are most relevant to upscale options.

European Union emission inventory report 1990-2023 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution

This document is the annual EU emission inventory report under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long‑range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention) (UNECE, 1979). The report and its accompanying data are the official submission to the Air Convention from the European Commission on behalf of the EU as a Party to the UNECE Air Convention. The European Environment Agency (EEA) compiled the report, working together with the EU Member States and the European Commission.

Air pollution in Europe — 2025 reporting status under the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive

This briefing describes progress made by the European Union and its Member States in reducing air pollutant emissions, as regulated by the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive (EU/2016/2284). It is based on data reported by EU Member States in 2025 for their 2023 emissions.

Eionet core dataflows 2024

This briefing summarises the evaluation of hundreds of data deliveries received from reporting countries for 13 Eionet core data flows. It shows progress against agreed reporting criteria, allowing countries to identify and prioritise the resources they need for regular reporting procedures.

Renewables, electrification and flexibility - For a competitive EU energy system transformation by 2030

Over the past five years, EU policy frameworks for climate mitigation and energy system transformation have become far more coherent and complete. Infrastructure security and resilience have been bolstered through integrated climate and energy planning in tandem with national and cross-border efforts to ensure sound policy implementation. It is now critical that decision-makers translate objectives and priorities for the energy system transition into actionable measures.

Environmental noise in Europe 2025

The Environmental noise in Europe — 2025 report presents the latest data and analysis on noise pollution and its effects on human health and the environment across Europe. The report draws on information submitted by European Union (EU) Member States and other EEA countries under the 2022 reporting round of the Environmental Noise Directive (END).

European bathing water quality in 2024

This briefing provides information on the quality of Europe’s bathing waters and is complemented by a map viewer to help people make informed decisions about where to bathe. It is published in the context of the European Union’s zero pollution action plan and is based on analysis of data reported by EU Member States for the 2021-2024 bathing seasons as required under the Bathing Water Directive (BWD) (EU, 2006).

Protecting and restoring Europe’s wild pollinators and their habitats

This briefing provides an overview of wild pollinators, the main drivers of their decline and solutions to protect and restore them. It highlights the importance of establishing an EU-wide standardised monitoring framework of pollinators. The briefing is published in the context of the Nature Restoration Regulation, the EU Pollinators Initiative and the European Commission’s Vision for Agriculture and Food.