Clean energy technologies in the European Union — Implications for quality jobs, skills and a just transition

Europe’s transition to climate neutrality is reshaping industrial value chains and labour markets. This report provides an assessment of the employment implications of selected clean energy technologies in the European Union, with a focus on wind energy, solar photovoltaics, heat pumps and batteries. It analyses trends in employment, workforce composition, skills shortages and job quality, and explores how policy can support a competitive clean-tech sector while promoting quality employment and inclusive labour market outcomes across the European Union.