Climate resilience in Europe, 2025 — progress and challenges

Europe is warming twice as fast as the global average, making climate resilience increasingly urgent. While all EEA member countries have adaptation policies in place, progress remains uneven. Gaps in climate risk assessments, implementation, financing, monitoring and cross-border cooperation limit preparedness. Shared methodologies, metrics and the systematic assessment of adaptation measures, alongside clearer coordination and risk ownership, are needed to track and advance climate resilience across Europe.