Trends and projections in Europe 2025

This figure shows the breakdown of EU emissions under the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) by sector, highlighting relative shares and coverage under the ETS2. Data refer to 2024.

This figure illustrates the 2023 climate and energy performance of Member States. For the GHG emissions dimension, it compares 2023 GHG emissions under the Effort Sharing Regulation with the available annual emission allocation (AEA) for 2023. This is a first step towards the assessment of 2023 progress, given that Member States have flexibilities under the Effort Sharing Regulation to match the AEA with its emissions. For primary and final energy consumption, it compares the national energy consumption in 2023 with a 2023 trajectory value based on a linear trajectory between the 2020 national target and the 2030 national contribution as included in the National Energy and Climate Plan submitted in 2024. For Renewable Energy it compares the 2023 renewable energy share with the interpolated value for the year 2023 between reference points under the Governance Regulation 2022 and 2025 as reported in National Energy and Climate Plans.

This figure presents the GHG emissions per sector in the EU for 2005, 2023 and 2024, and the 2030 projected emissions including additional measures forecasted by Member States.

This figure shows EU progress since 2005 on reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, increasing the Renewable Energy Share (RES) and reducing Energy Consumption (EC). The EU’s total net GHG emissions include all emissions and removals regulated by EU law.

The chart shows the evolution of EU net emissions over the past decades, displaying how the EU has reduced its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions at an accelerating pace. These figures include domestic emissions, emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector and emissions from international aviation and international maritime transport, as covered under EU regulations.

This figure depicts the Renewable Energy Shares per Member State for 2022 and 2023, incorporating the 2030 contributions outlined in their respective 2023 National Energy and Climate Plans.The data for 2022 rely on Eurostat (2024a), whereas the 2023 data points are based on approximated estimates for the share of gross final consumption of renewable energy sources by the EEA.