Yearly net land take in cities and commuting zones by land cover class, 2012-2018 and 2018-2021, EU-27 (in km2/year)

The chart shows the balance of non-artificial land cover classes (in km²) after net land take, based on Urban Atlas Level 2 categories. Positive values indicate land area taken (reduction), whereas negative values indicate land area gained. The analysis focuses on the area where Functional Urban Area (FUA) boundaries from both periods overlap.