All official European Union website addresses are in the europa.eu domain.
See all EU institutions and bodiesThis page lists all the design components used as building for our websites. The page mainly used to perform various technical audits and tests. The EEA Design System offers more information about our design language and guidelines for the use of these design components.
Table of contents
Table of contents (horizontal)
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As well as premature death, air pollution causes ill health and adds significant costs on the health care sector. For example, in 2019, exposure to PM2.5 led to 175,702 years lived with disability (YLDs) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across 30 European countries.
From 2005 to 2020, the number of early deaths from exposure to PM2.5 fell by 45% in the EU. If this trend continues, the EU is expected to deliver on the zero pollution action plan target of a 55% reduction in premature deaths by 2030.
Figure 1. EU exports of used textiles to other regions, 2000, 2010 and 2019, percent
Source: UN Comtrade; HS (as reported): 6309,6310, Period: 2000, 2010, 2019 , Reporters: EU
Note: Throughout the past two decades, Africa has been the main receiving continent of used textiles from the EU. But by the end of the period, Asia had significantly increased its share and by 2019 was almost as big as Africa as can be seen from Figure
Image with copyright info
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Video
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Accordion
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Tabs
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Default tabs
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Climate change is already impacting Europeans’ daily lives and will continue for the foreseeable future. Even if we effectively reduce global emissions, it will worsen. Flooding, droughts, heatwaves and other climate-related hazards are becoming more intense and more frequent. These hazards have significant health and economic costs.
The EU is approaching climate change in two ways:
Climate mitigation - Preventing or reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere to make the impacts of climate change less severe.
Climate change adaptation - Actions to adapt to the impacts of climate change, like preventing flooding, saving energy, and reducing disaster risks
In 2021, the EU made climate neutrality by 2050 a legally binding goal, and set an interim target of a 55% emission reduction by 2030. This goal forms the foundation of The European Green Deal, a roadmap for the EU to become climate neutral by 2050.
Data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service
Copernicus Climate Change Service
shows 2020 as the warmest year ever recorded in Europe. Evidence indicates that this rise in temperature is due to rising greenhouse gas emissions from human activity.The average temperature globally is also 0.95 to 1.20°C higher than it was in late 19th century. In scientific communities, an increase of 2°C is often defined as the threshold for when there will be catastrophic consequences for the climate and the environment.
It is not all bad news, though. In recent years, the EU has taken steps to reduce emissions globally and adapt to the effects of climate change. In 2008, the EU aimed to cut emissions by 20% - compared to 1990 levels – by 2020. That goal was met, and new more ambitious targets were defined for 2030 and 2050.
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Climate change is already impacting Europeans’ daily lives and will continue for the foreseeable future. Even if we effectively reduce global emissions, it will worsen. Flooding, droughts, heatwaves and other climate-related hazards are becoming more intense and more frequent. These hazards have significant health and economic costs.
The EU is approaching climate change in two ways:
Climate mitigation - Preventing or reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere to make the impacts of climate change less severe.
Climate change adaptation - Actions to adapt to the impacts of climate change, like preventing flooding, saving energy, and reducing disaster risks
In 2021, the EU made climate neutrality by 2050 a legally binding goal, and set an interim target of a 55% emission reduction by 2030. This goal forms the foundation of The European Green Deal, a roadmap for the EU to become climate neutral by 2050.
Data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service
Copernicus Climate Change Service
shows 2020 as the warmest year ever recorded in Europe. Evidence indicates that this rise in temperature is due to rising greenhouse gas emissions from human activity.The average temperature globally is also 0.95 to 1.20°C higher than it was in late 19th century. In scientific communities, an increase of 2°C is often defined as the threshold for when there will be catastrophic consequences for the climate and the environment.
It is not all bad news, though. In recent years, the EU has taken steps to reduce emissions globally and adapt to the effects of climate change. In 2008, the EU aimed to cut emissions by 20% - compared to 1990 levels – by 2020. That goal was met, and new more ambitious targets were defined for 2030 and 2050.
Cards
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Image cards
Listing item cards

Europe must steer AI and digitalisation to support its green transition
05 May 2026
As artificial intelligence rapidly reshapes Europe's economy, it will either accelerate our green ambitions or undermine them. Two new European Environment Agency (EEA) briefings explore how deliberate policy steering can ensure a double dividend and how the trade-offs in deploying these technologies can be navigated at a time when environmental pressures must fall.

Progress in improving Europe’s air quality, but further action needed to address 2030 limits, ground-level ozone
30 Apr 2026
Most air quality monitoring stations in Europe achieve current EU legal standards for key air pollutants. However, the levels of key pollutants — like particulate matter, benzo(a)pyrene and especially ground-level ozone — remain a significant problem, according to the latest air quality assessments published today by the European Environment Agency (EEA).

Creating win-win for business and people key to success of circular economy
21 Apr 2026
Turning Europe’s circular economy ambitions into reality will depend on making it people-focused — in particular — making sure European Union rules in place work to make it a success for entrepreneurs, business owners, citizens and workers alike, according to two assessments published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) today.

The EU has cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 40% since 1990
17 Apr 2026
The European Union's greenhouse gas emissions fell a further 3% between 2023 and 2024, bringing the EU’s total emission reductions to 40% below 1990 levels, according to official EU data sent to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and a European Environment Agency (EEA) analysis published today. The EU greenhouse gas inventory was prepared and submitted to the UN body by the EEA on behalf of the EU on 15 April.

Extensive grazing: essential for one in three of Europe's protected habitats
15 Apr 2026
One in three habitats protected under EU law depends on low-intensity grazing. According to a European Environment Agency (EEA) briefing published today, 10–15% of all EU cattle, sheep and goats are needed to maintain habitats protected under the EU Habitats Directive through low-intensity grazing.

EEA and Eionet welcome Moldova as a cooperating country
19 Mar 2026
The European Environment Agency (EEA) and its European Environment Information and Observation Network (Eionet) today welcomed the Republic of Moldova as a cooperating country, extending the EEA’s country network to 32 member and 7 cooperating countries across Europe. The EEA is one of the first EU agencies to integrate Moldova into its regular activities and operational structures.
News cards


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Statistics
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Tables
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Default sortable table
Country | Emission value |
|---|---|
Austria | 345 |
Belgium | 8903 |
Greece | 590 |
Inverted table
Country | Emission value |
|---|---|
Austria | 345 |
Belgium | 8903 |
Greece | 590 |
Message box
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What causes climate change?
The gases that humans have put into the air over the past century from coal, oil and natural gas production have become trapped in our atmosphere. can’t go to space, so it returns to earth, causing climate change and global warming.
There are three main types of greenhouse gases created by human activity:
Carbon dioxide stemming from coal, oil and natural gas burned to generate heat and elecricity.
Methane from sheep and cow farming and accompanying manure.
Nitrous oxide from fertiliser use
Because of these emissions, , and long-term shifts in weather patterns are observed. That means more like heatwaves, droughts, and floods.
Quote
“It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land. Widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere have occurred.”
Report, “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Hero message
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Climate ADAPT - the EU's main source for adaptation information
Footnotes
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- ↵Estrada, F., Botzen, W. J. W. and Tol, R. S. J., 2017, 'A global economic assessment of city policies to reduce climate change impacts', Nature Climate Change 7(6), pp. 403–406 ( https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3301 ) accessed December 4, 2020.
- Over the past 30 years, temperatures in European countries have increased by more than twice the global average↵
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