Marine pollution and ecosystems

Marine pollution and ecosystems

This section of the zero pollution monitoring assessment presents available knowledge and trends on marine pollution and associated impacts on ecosystems, and assesses progress towards achieving relevant zero pollution targets and policy objectives.

Title Marine pollution and ecosystems
Description This section of the zero pollution monitoring assessment presents available knowledge and trends on marine pollution and associated impacts on ecosystems, and assesses progress towards achieving relevant zero pollution targets and policy objectives.
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Creators fullname 🌐 Nikolaos Kazantzis
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Blocks { "0a8b57bd-3711-4129-919d-f63836909277": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EEA indicator \u2018 Hazardous substances in marine organisms in European seas \u2019 assesses nine hazardous substances (nearly all of which have been banned) in mussels and oysters in the period 2010-2019. While environmental quality standards were exceeded for all nine hazardous substances at some locations, concentrations were low or moderate in general. Exceedances were seen most frequently for Benzo[\u03b1]pyrene, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and PCBs ( EEA, 2022 ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EEA indicator \u2018" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Hazardous substances in marine organisms in European seas" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/hazardous-substances-in-marine-organisms" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u2019 assesses nine hazardous substances (nearly all of which have been banned) in mussels and oysters in the period 2010-2019. While environmental quality standards were exceeded for all nine hazardous substances at some locations, concentrations were low or moderate in general. Exceedances were seen most frequently for Benzo[\u03b1]pyrene, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and PCBs (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2022" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/hazardous-substances-in-marine-organisms" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "0d599348-dda1-43cc-a371-91e711274292": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "127ce211-0abd-4de1-97cf-d1296e4ac4bf": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Introduction", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Introduction" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "1751ac79-8c0d-4b60-b839-835d3a40716c": { "@layout": "aac65d2c-9bdd-4428-8ade-25254d4b23e6", "@type": "slate", "block": "0722f792-9777-4d93-90f8-aca9b2bf23b6", "plaintext": "Figure 7.\u00a0Summary analysis: marine pollution and ecosystems", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 7.\u00a0Summary analysis: marine pollution and ecosystems" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "1a8003ac-147a-43e0-a36b-36cbcc6a0ff1": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Based on data for the period 2010-2021, almost 75% of assessed marine and coastal areas in Europe were designated as potential problem areas, as shown in Map 5 (EEA, forthcoming). For regional seas, the prevalence of potential problem areas was 83% (Baltic Sea), 78% (North-East Atlantic Ocean), 43% (Mediterranean Sea) and 98% (Black Sea). The EEA report Untold story of marine litter from source to sea (EEA, forthcoming) identifies sources of and pathways for marine litter.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Based on data for the period 2010-2021, almost 75% of assessed marine and coastal areas in Europe were designated as potential problem areas, as shown in Map 5 (EEA, forthcoming). For regional seas, the prevalence of potential problem areas was 83% (Baltic Sea), 78% (North-East Atlantic Ocean), 43% (Mediterranean Sea) and 98% (Black Sea). The EEA report Untold story of marine litter from source to sea (EEA, forthcoming) identifies sources of and pathways for marine litter." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "206d43d1-3673-4227-979d-d466ed218b93": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Contamination of Europe\u2019s seas", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Contamination of Europe\u2019s seas" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "22626d35-15d7-4c34-9f83-6462c8a5db70": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "22e7df7a-ee69-477d-828b-f2db94060d8c": { "@type": "tabs_block", "data": { "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "47c43045-62d1-4893-ad3a-82b67a60504f": { "@type": "tab", "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "04f768a8-731e-4945-a8ab-c2103a11b17f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2018, Contaminants in Europe\u2019s seas \u2014 moving towards a clean, non-toxic marine environment, EEA Report No 25/2018, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas/ ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2018, Contaminants in Europe\u2019s seas \u2014 moving towards a clean, non-toxic marine environment, EEA Report No 25/2018, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas/" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas/" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "130dda52-befa-4e75-9065-e1b1297a5819": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EC, 2020, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Directive 2008/56/EC) (COM(2020) 259 final of 25 June 2020) ( https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0259&from=EN ) accessed 13 October 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EC, 2020, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and Council on the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Directive 2008/56/EC) (COM(2020) 259 final of 25 June 2020) (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0259&from=EN" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0259&from=EN" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 13 October 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "1818c3dc-dc60-4a76-bb17-5be54c51eae2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2022, \u2018Hazardous substances in marine organisms in European seas\u2019, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/hazardous-substances-in-marine-organisms ) accessed 13 October 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2022, \u2018Hazardous substances in marine organisms in European seas\u2019, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/hazardous-substances-in-marine-organisms" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/hazardous-substances-in-marine-organisms" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 13 October 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "57bada3f-7b49-492b-ada2-26b396dc4186": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2019b, Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication in Europe\u2019s seas \u2014 moving towards a healthy marine environment, EEA Report No 14/2019, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and-eutrophication-in ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019b, Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication in Europe\u2019s seas \u2014 moving towards a healthy marine environment, EEA Report No 14/2019, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and-eutrophication-in" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and-eutrophication-in" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "61728900-4bc4-4ce2-88a0-9c6b482a8e68": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Revel, M., et al., 2018, \u2018Micro (nano) plastics: A threat to human health?\u2019,\u00a0Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health\u00a01, 17 ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.003 ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Revel, M., et al., 2018, \u2018Micro (nano) plastics: A threat to human health?\u2019,\u00a0Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health\u00a01, 17 (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.003" } ], "data": { "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.003" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a19d2cb2-5335-4ee8-bc21-eeaf0e903c9e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "JRC, 2022, Zero pollution outlook 2022, JRC129655, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, Joint Research Centre ( https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/zero-pollution-outlook-2022_en ) accessed 1 December 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "JRC, 2022, Zero pollution outlook 2022, JRC129655, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, Joint Research Centre (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/zero-pollution-outlook-2022_en" } ], "data": { "url": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/zero-pollution-outlook-2022_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 1 December 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c71238a7-c312-4851-be6a-4779198226ee": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, forthcoming, \u2018Untold story of marine litter from source to sea\u2019, European Environment Agency.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, forthcoming, \u2018Untold story of marine litter from source to sea\u2019, European Environment Agency." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f64e80cf-1dc1-4ff0-8280-dfa04177568b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2019a, Marine messages II \u2014 navigating the course towards clean, healthy and productive seas through implementation of an ecosystem\u2011based approach, EEA Report No 17/2019, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2/file ) accessed 13 October 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019a, Marine messages II \u2014 navigating the course towards clean, healthy and productive seas through implementation of an ecosystem\u2011based approach, EEA Report No 17/2019, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2/file" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2/file" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 13 October 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "130dda52-befa-4e75-9065-e1b1297a5819", "04f768a8-731e-4945-a8ab-c2103a11b17f", "f64e80cf-1dc1-4ff0-8280-dfa04177568b", "57bada3f-7b49-492b-ada2-26b396dc4186", "1818c3dc-dc60-4a76-bb17-5be54c51eae2", "c71238a7-c312-4851-be6a-4779198226ee", 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"text": "The EU is not on track to meet objectives under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive such as those related to underwater noise, chemicals and eutrophication." } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "5d99dd8a-4197-4df1-b0b6-295bbd47684b": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Eutrophication also harms marine ecosystems, with almost one quarter of the assessed areas exceeding thresholds for nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. There has been little improvement over recent years." } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "952072e9-a23b-4a30-a1e0-6f7f14811e3d": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "There is emerging evidence that plastic litter at sea may be decreasing, but no data are available to assess the zero pollution target on reducing emissions of microplastics." } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "a3d2024c-9637-4faf-b97a-6be8f3bc0bba": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Almost 75% of Europe\u2019s marine and coastal areas are designated as problem areas for marine litter, based on EEA assessment criteria." } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "f90a2b8f-c623-4317-8afa-b693c2db394a": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Chemical pollution is degrading European marine ecosystems, with 80% of assessed areas designated as \u2018problem areas\u2019, based on EEA assessment criteria." } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "verticalAlign": "top" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "036b851b-dc97-48ae-81a4-e64543e1c025", "2fa253d9-2450-46a8-9e89-3aa0b158d11c", "f90a2b8f-c623-4317-8afa-b693c2db394a", "5d99dd8a-4197-4df1-b0b6-295bbd47684b", "a3d2024c-9637-4faf-b97a-6be8f3bc0bba", "952072e9-a23b-4a30-a1e0-6f7f14811e3d" ] } }, "styles": { "style_name": "content-box-gray" }, "variation": "default" }, "2a2b266d-f5a7-4838-9201-9b431e1939d3": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "2d4c9594-ba5a-461a-8802-3ba85cb9a933": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The impacts of underwater radiated noise on marine ecosystems have generally not been considered a priority pollution issue. However, there is increasing evidence of negative impacts and that continuous, anthropogenic underwater noise levels are significantly increasing . This topic is explored further in the accompanying zero pollution \u2018Signal\u2019 on continuous underwater noise .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The impacts of underwater radiated noise on marine ecosystems have generally not been considered a priority pollution issue. However, there is increasing evidence of negative impacts and that continuous, anthropogenic underwater noise levels are\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "significantly increasing" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.emsa.europa.eu/protecting-the-marine-environment/underwater-noise.html" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". This topic is explored further in the accompanying zero pollution \u2018Signal\u2019 on\u00a0" }, { "type": "link", "data": { "url": "../../../../../../resolveuid/72b1590405ac43d3a35e5acb7739b81d" }, "children": [ { "text": "continuous underwater noise" } ] }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "3320ed15-538c-4fa4-a151-bc5754497442": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "bdd229c1-bde9-4374-b334-3c417da1ea4f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. Contamination of Europe\u2019s seas", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Contamination of Europe\u2019s seas" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "f7f74a2e-1ea4-4a7a-9eaa-7a4587349046": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "bdd229c1-bde9-4374-b334-3c417da1ea4f", "f7f74a2e-1ea4-4a7a-9eaa-7a4587349046" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-e33cc0d0-17b8-4ac3-8ac9-6aecc0d355be", "styles": {} }, "34ce4e94-be96-4133-a060-5584580cf441": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/assessment-of-good-environmental-status-1" }, "3dcfa17f-a059-4be6-9f73-1c63beb25ea8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 8. Indicator analysis \u2014 marine pollution and ecosystems", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 8. Indicator analysis \u2014 marine pollution and ecosystems" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "42590664-373f-42a9-b843-87b2cc7f8e31": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Analysis carried out by the EEA indicates that just under one quarter (23.5%) of assessed areas are designated as problem areas in terms of nutrient enrichment and eutrophication, as illustrated in Map 4. However, for the Baltic Sea, this figure is 99% ( EEA, 2019b ). An EEA ( 2019b ) report on nutrient enrichment and eutrophication in Europe\u2019s seas identifies that nutrient loss, mainly from agriculture, is the main factor contributing to marine eutrophication.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Analysis carried out by the EEA indicates that just under one quarter (23.5%) of assessed areas are designated as problem areas in terms of nutrient enrichment and eutrophication, as illustrated in Map 4. However, for the Baltic Sea, this figure is 99% (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019b" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and-eutrophication-in" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "). An EEA (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2019b" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/nutrient-enrichment-and-eutrophication-in" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") report on nutrient enrichment and eutrophication in Europe\u2019s seas identifies that nutrient loss, mainly from agriculture, is the main factor contributing to marine eutrophication." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "427cccb8-9f4e-4010-8108-c5b12ebc6024": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Future EU coastline litter trend calculations will be based on harmonised data reported under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.\u00a0The large-scale monitoring and subsequent collection of these data through EMODnet has led to a consolidated dataset of litter on EU coastlines, provided and agreed upon by EU Member States.\u00a0The years 2015 and 2016 have been selected as the baseline years for assessing progress against the zero pollution target of a 50% reduction in plastic litter at sea.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Future EU coastline litter trend calculations will be based on\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "harmonised" } ], "data": { "url": "https://mcc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/main/dev.py?N=41&O=439" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0data reported under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.\u00a0The large-scale monitoring and subsequent collection of these data through\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EMODnet" } ], "data": { "url": "https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0has led to a consolidated dataset of litter on EU coastlines, provided and agreed upon by EU Member States.\u00a0The years 2015 and 2016 have been selected as the baseline years for assessing progress against the zero pollution target of a 50% reduction in plastic litter at sea.\u00a0" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "44c3e4aa-9062-4959-8e78-927f1e1d91a4": { "data": { "blocks": { "5ac46a20-edb2-4c0a-bf19-af7d42ec64d8": { "@type": "accordionPanel", "blocks": { "53dcfe41-38f1-4e65-b439-93ded409e8a3": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The distance to target is based on an assessment of the recent trend, current status and expert judgement.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The distance to target is based on an assessment of the recent trend, current status and expert judgement.\u00a0" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "5c6ef307-f036-454a-a973-d6d7f36da9c7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "This indicator analysis is in line with the approach taken by the EEA for its seventh environment action programme monitoring .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "This indicator analysis is in line with the approach taken by the EEA for its\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "seventh environment action programme monitoring" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-indicator-report-2018" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "cd58f6e9-00e8-4a04-b423-d6f46a988196": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Past trends are based on assessment of the trend over the last 10 years (or since the relevant zero pollution baseline year where appropriate) with green, yellow or red being applied based on the criteria as outlined in the figure legend. Expert judgement is also applied, for example in cases where indicators are more qualitative and/or uncertain.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Past trends are based on assessment of the trend over the last 10 years (or since the relevant zero pollution baseline year where appropriate) with green, yellow or red being applied based on the criteria as outlined in the figure legend. Expert judgement is also applied, for example in cases where indicators are more qualitative and/or uncertain." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ecf280f8-6d19-48eb-b3c8-95ca6bb5b514": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Further detailed analysis of the future outlook for meeting certain zero pollution targets is included in the zero pollution outlook 2022 , completed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre ( JRC, 2022 ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Further detailed analysis of the future outlook for meeting certain zero pollution targets is included in the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "zero pollution outlook 2022" } ], "data": { "url": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/zero-pollution-outlook-2022_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", completed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "JRC, 2022" } ], "data": { "url": "https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/zero-pollution-outlook-2022_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "5c6ef307-f036-454a-a973-d6d7f36da9c7", "cd58f6e9-00e8-4a04-b423-d6f46a988196", "53dcfe41-38f1-4e65-b439-93ded409e8a3", "ecf280f8-6d19-48eb-b3c8-95ca6bb5b514" ] }, "title": "Overview of indicator analysis methodology" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "5ac46a20-edb2-4c0a-bf19-af7d42ec64d8" ] } }, "right_arrows": true, "collapsed": true, "non_exclusive": true, "filtering": false, "styles": {}, "@type": "accordion" }, "44d10ad0-baa9-42b4-ab4e-19fcde4de4d8": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "4c3c9156-abd5-4d36-b886-f6b70d2be613": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "As the collection and analysis of the final 2015-2020 dataset are still being completed, it is not possible to provide a consolidated, agreed, EU-wide trend calculation. However, the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) has provided a preliminary review of the available data. This indicates that concentrations of plastic litter are declining at most EU coastlines, which is an encouraging sign. There are some areas with increasing trends, which require further investigation. A more thorough assessment of this dataset will be published by JRC in 2023 and will be included in the next zero pollution monitoring assessment in 2024.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "As the collection and analysis of the final 2015-2020 dataset are still being completed, it is not possible to provide a consolidated, agreed, EU-wide trend calculation. However, the European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) has provided a preliminary review of the available data. This indicates that concentrations of plastic litter are declining at most EU coastlines, which is an encouraging sign. There are some areas with increasing trends, which require further investigation. A more thorough assessment of this dataset will be published by JRC in 2023 and will be included in the next zero pollution monitoring assessment in 2024." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "57d75da2-c96a-4d95-8cae-22ab0bb417ea": { "@type": "image", "align": "center", "alt": "", "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "image_field": "image", "size": "l", "styles": {}, "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/zero-pollution/ecosystems/marine-pollution-and-ecosystems/figure-e7-marine-pollution-and-ecosystems-summary-analysis-final-1.png" }, "58bf8d3d-0d1e-4eaa-b067-5a1a30279cb1": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "59fa2e9a-2c42-4113-9bb9-c1dfd3730242": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Note: Link to indicators: Hazardous Substances in marine organisms in European Seas , Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe , Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe , Continuous underwater radiated noise (URN) . ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Note:" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "\u00a0Link to indicators:\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Hazardous Substances in marine organisms in European Seas" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/hazardous-substances-in-marine-organisms" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ",\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/nutrients-in-transitional-coastal-and" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ",\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/chlorophyll-in-transitional-coastal-and" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ",\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Continuous underwater radiated noise (URN)" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.emsa.europa.eu/protecting-the-marine-environment/underwater-noise.html" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "small" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "5b99626e-b435-4035-bf0b-0b0c84215a14": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Europe relies on its seas for transport, energy, food, income and leisure, and a number of less well\u2011recognised ecosystems services, such as contributing to the oxygen in the air we breathe and carbon sequestration ( EEA, 2019a ). Coastal and maritime activities, such as fishing, shipping, tourism, aquaculture, and oil and gas extraction, exert multiple pressures on the marine environment. A key pressure is pollution. Pollutants are also transported into our seas from rivers and through atmospheric deposition.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Europe relies on its seas for transport, energy, food, income and leisure, and a number of less well\u2011recognised ecosystems services, such as contributing to the oxygen in the air we breathe and carbon sequestration (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019a" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2/file" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "). Coastal and maritime activities, such as fishing, shipping, tourism, aquaculture, and oil and gas extraction, exert multiple pressures on the marine environment. A key pressure is pollution. Pollutants are also transported into our seas from rivers and through atmospheric deposition." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "5d73c4cc-7e46-48dd-bb5b-3349a4a95670": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "6e77d9b2-c76e-4187-9083-41cd6d51b567": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Eutrophication is caused by human activities that enrich waters with nutrients. Nutrient inputs (nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter) primarily originate from land-based human activities (e.g. agricultural run-off and untreated urban wastewaters). Rivers are crucial pathways for carrying nutrient loads to the seas. Marine activities (e.g. aquaculture) and atmospheric deposition (as explained in the air pollution and ecosystems assessment ) also contribute to excessive nutrient inputs . This results in excess nitrogen and phosphorus, which accelerate the growth of microalgae and higher forms of plant life. Ultimately, this growth results in various impacts such as loss of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, harmful algal blooms and oxygen deficiency in waters.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Eutrophication is caused by human activities that enrich waters with nutrients. Nutrient inputs (nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter) primarily originate from land-based human activities (e.g. agricultural run-off and untreated urban wastewaters). Rivers are crucial pathways for carrying nutrient loads to the seas. Marine activities (e.g. aquaculture) and atmospheric deposition (as explained in the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "air pollution and ecosystems assessment" } ], "data": { "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/zero-pollution/ecosystems/air-pollution-and-ecosystems" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") also contribute to\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "excessive nutrient inputs" } ], "data": { "url": "https://water.europa.eu/marine/state-of-europe-seas/pressures-impacts/nutrient" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". This results in excess nitrogen and phosphorus, which accelerate the growth of microalgae and higher forms of plant life. Ultimately, this growth results in various impacts such as loss of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, harmful algal blooms and oxygen deficiency in waters." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7847baf5-be14-4d38-8529-524ee9c17051": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/heat-based-classification-of-nutrient-1" }, "796bbc16-c8b4-4496-97fd-9b4c95feee88": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "37f1275d-4194-41df-a654-71abb53ce9c4": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Map 2. Assessment of Good Environmental Status for MSFD Descriptor 8 Contaminants (UPBT substances), 2018", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Map 2. Assessment of Good Environmental Status for MSFD Descriptor 8 Contaminants (UPBT substances), 2018" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "ec5a155e-6b66-4f4c-8ad4-946fb1dd180d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "37f1275d-4194-41df-a654-71abb53ce9c4", "ec5a155e-6b66-4f4c-8ad4-946fb1dd180d" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-34ce4e94-be96-4133-a060-5584580cf441", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "81bfef9a-867f-4c18-b4e3-8cdf8e52e115": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/assessment-of-marine-litter-in", "with_notes": false }, "823e95a8-80bf-4b92-881b-e95c0347fcea": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Contaminants in marine organisms", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Contaminants in marine organisms" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "8510f0e0-7b8b-4f1e-916d-8de86beae5a9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Hazardous substances pollute European seas. Certain \u2018legacy\u2019 substances, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury, still pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, biota and human health through the food chain.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Hazardous substances pollute European seas. Certain \u2018legacy\u2019 substances, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury, still pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, biota and human health through the food chain." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "88b5a59e-fc39-4fb9-ba54-0186795c377d": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "1639498f-0e07-4296-9188-4810f0499f1b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Map 4. Nutrient levels in European seas, 2012 - 2017", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Map 4. Nutrient levels in European seas, 2012 - 2017" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "f00ad076-a2b6-40db-bb61-ee3e361024d8": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "1639498f-0e07-4296-9188-4810f0499f1b", "f00ad076-a2b6-40db-bb61-ee3e361024d8" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-7847baf5-be14-4d38-8529-524ee9c17051", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "8950afe2-38ea-4605-ae62-e50322e8c296": { "@layout": "6a6e3a2a-54dd-4065-81bb-cccc84dc6320", "@type": "layoutSettings", "block": "e1c2459f-fc2f-4560-89c0-957be91e2d5b", "layout_size": "narrow_view" }, "8a696eb6-ecac-494e-b8db-2da8828ddbe0": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "2b109701-2d0a-45a1-bb27-42efef145391": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "42f87452-08ff-4ecb-9de1-289d4aa2b389": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Map 5. Assessment of marine litter in all four regional seas, 2010-2021", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Map 5. Assessment of marine litter in all four regional seas, 2010-2021" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "42f87452-08ff-4ecb-9de1-289d4aa2b389", "2b109701-2d0a-45a1-bb27-42efef145391" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-81bfef9a-867f-4c18-b4e3-8cdf8e52e115", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "8bfc53b3-340f-45c2-b118-e81a9d1672cd": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The current condition of Europe\u2019s seas \u2014 from the Baltic to the Mediterranean \u2014 is generally poor ( EEA, 2019a ). Despite some positive developments achieved through regional cooperation, pollution from historical and current human activities (combined with other factors, such as climate change) could potentially lead to abrupt and\u00a0irreversible damage to marine ecosystems ( EEA, 2018 ). All four regional seas, i.e. the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the North-East Atlantic Ocean, have large-scale contamination problems ( EEA, 2018 ). Of the areas assessed, 80% are designated as problem areas in terms of contamination ( EEA, 2019a ), as shown in Map 3. An area is designated as a \u2018problem area\u2019 if there is evidence of an undesirable disturbance to the marine ecosystem due to inputs of contaminants. A specific methodology developed by the EEA clearly defines problem areas ( EEA, 2018 ). The main pollutant groups causing this are heavy metals and synthetic chemicals such as organobromines.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The current condition of Europe\u2019s seas \u2014 from the Baltic to the Mediterranean \u2014 is generally poor (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019a" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2/file" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "). Despite some positive developments achieved through regional cooperation, pollution from historical and current human activities (combined with other factors, such as climate change) could potentially lead to abrupt and\u00a0irreversible damage to marine ecosystems (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2018" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas/" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "). All four regional seas, i.e. the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the North-East Atlantic Ocean, have large-scale contamination problems (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2018" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas/" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "). Of the areas assessed, 80% are designated as problem areas in terms of contamination (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019a" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/marine-messages-2/file" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "), as shown in Map 3. An area is designated as a \u2018problem area\u2019 if there is evidence of an undesirable disturbance to the marine ecosystem due to inputs of contaminants. A specific methodology developed by the EEA clearly defines problem areas (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2018" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas/" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "). The main pollutant groups causing this are heavy metals and synthetic chemicals such as organobromines." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "9572938c-dd2a-4ebc-a7a8-38e9f1b3e752": { "@type": "image", "align": "center", "alt": "", "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "image_field": "image", "size": "l", "styles": {}, "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/zero-pollution/ecosystems/marine-pollution-and-ecosystems/figure-e8-marine-pollution-and-ecosystems-indicator-analysis.png" }, "98facd59-5d4e-4baf-abce-dc68de778c9e": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "99b2bb6d-fe3f-428a-b728-3b0269dd7fce": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "a00f0e6b-0748-44d4-a280-8707b5208eb9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "A number of EU policies are designed to reduce marine ecosystem pollution, as explained in the EEA\u2019s \u2018 Water and marine environment \u2019. One such key instrument is the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), which seeks to achieve good environmental status (GES) across a range of 11 objectives known as \u2018descriptors\u2019. These descriptors describe the criteria that must be met for GES to be achieved. For example, the eighth descriptor refers to contaminants being \u2018at a level not giving rise to pollution effects\u2019. The other descriptors cover a range of objectives, including eutrophication, seafood contamination, marine litter and underwater noise. However, there is no EU-level definition of what is considered GES, so Member States currently define their own thresholds. The analysis presented is based on the EEA\u2019s preliminary estimation of GES, which in turn is based on the GES assessments reported by Member States.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "A number of EU policies are designed to reduce marine ecosystem pollution, as explained in the EEA\u2019s \u2018" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Water and marine environment" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/intro" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u2019. One such key instrument is the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), which seeks to achieve\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "good environmental status" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/index_en.htm" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(GES) across a range of 11 objectives known as \u2018descriptors\u2019. These descriptors describe the criteria that must be met for GES to be achieved. For example, the eighth descriptor refers to contaminants being \u2018at a level not giving rise to pollution effects\u2019. The other descriptors cover a range of objectives, including eutrophication, seafood contamination, marine litter and underwater noise. However, there is no EU-level definition of what is considered GES, so Member States currently define their own thresholds. The analysis presented is based on the EEA\u2019s preliminary estimation of GES, which in turn is based on the GES assessments reported by Member States." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a4d34c2a-3d90-4314-bbac-692f370c5856": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Approximately 33% of the assessed areas in European seas do not have GES concerning eutrophication. It is similar for contamination (49%) and the problem is even worse for coastal marine litter (77%) (Map 2). Regarding underwater noise, reported data are not yet sufficient enough to draw conclusions from. The European Commission has initiated a review of the MSFD , which may lead to a proposal to revise the directive in 2023.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Approximately 33% of the assessed areas in European seas do not have GES concerning eutrophication. It is similar for contamination (49%) and the problem is even worse for coastal marine litter (77%) (Map 2). Regarding underwater noise, reported data are not yet sufficient enough to draw conclusions from. The European Commission has initiated\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "a review of the MSFD" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/eu-coast-and-marine-policy/review_of_the_directive.htm" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", which may lead to a proposal to revise the directive in 2023." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a59b1032-32b3-4136-98f9-110f6b477ff3": { "@layout": "be00afcb-ff93-4190-8c49-8dd073243783", "@type": "description", "block": "510d437c-623a-45c7-86a5-28cd3f00a372", "plaintext": "This section of the zero pollution monitoring assessment presents available knowledge and trends on marine pollution and associated impacts on ecosystems, and assesses progress towards achieving relevant zero pollution targets and policy objectives.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "This section of the zero pollution monitoring assessment presents available knowledge and trends on marine pollution and associated impacts on ecosystems, and assesses progress towards achieving relevant zero pollution targets and policy objectives." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ad04e813-87b5-4fb0-a930-a6374ed46e7d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "b583fdc8-54cd-4789-800f-d0372168a74d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Marine noise", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Marine noise" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "c5bc2c73-5e89-4250-a9ba-1366db54bd17": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Marine litter harms marine biota through entanglement or ingestion , contaminant transfer and by acting as a transport vector for pollutants. Plastic and contaminant accumulation in marine biota and, potentially, the transfer of pathogens also threaten human health ( Revel et al., 2018 ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Marine litter harms marine biota through\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "entanglement or ingestion" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/descriptor-10/pdf/MSFD_identifying_sources_of_marine_litter.pdf" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", contaminant transfer and by acting as a transport vector for pollutants. Plastic and contaminant accumulation in marine biota and, potentially, the transfer of pathogens also threaten human health (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Revel et al., 2018" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468584417300235?via%3Dihub" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c794268d-5fbd-49bd-b5e0-3bd3a28e3d30": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Single-use plastics represent 50% of all European beach litter items by count and fishing gear containing plastics accounts for a further 27%.\u00a0Ingestion of plastics by marine species is also widespread in European seas. For example, 93% of fulmar birds assessed in the North-East Atlantic Ocean had ingested some plastic and 85% of turtles assessed in the Mediterranean Sea had ingested litter (EC, 2020, footnote 73) .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Single-use plastics represent 50% of all European beach litter items by count and fishing gear containing plastics accounts for a further 27%.\u00a0Ingestion of plastics by marine species is also widespread in European seas. For example, 93% of fulmar birds assessed in the North-East Atlantic Ocean had ingested some plastic and 85% of turtles assessed in the Mediterranean Sea had ingested litter\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "(EC, 2020, footnote 73)" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0259#footnote73" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "cc685d78-8585-4313-bf93-e1651b0d5086": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In addition to chemical pollution and eutrophication, marine litter is a significant problem in Europe. Plastics constitute the bulk of marine litter and are present in all marine ecosystems, with waste accumulating on shorelines, the seabed and surface waters. Further information on plastic pollution is available in the zero pollution cross-cutting story on plastics .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In addition to chemical pollution and eutrophication, marine litter is a significant problem in Europe. Plastics constitute the bulk of marine litter and are present in all marine ecosystems, with waste accumulating on shorelines, the seabed and surface waters. Further information on plastic pollution is available in the zero pollution\u00a0" }, { "type": "link", "data": { "url": "../../../../../../resolveuid/7fc8b6614e694a1dae5fcb16d0986236" }, "children": [ { "text": "cross-cutting story on plastics" } ] }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "cf81982a-dcc4-4f79-ac6b-bc15923760b3": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "e1a6d943-8d23-42b3-9cb9-ef4db8feb081": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Plastic pollution in Europe\u2019s seas", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Plastic pollution in Europe\u2019s seas" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "e33cc0d0-17b8-4ac3-8ac9-6aecc0d355be": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/mapping-of-contamination-problem-and-1" }, "e7b8c51f-ae20-4cbc-9cdc-cdcfb47bebd0": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Eutrophication of Europe\u2019s seas", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Eutrophication of Europe\u2019s seas" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "eb497613-013f-4421-9b21-388080b7bdc2": { "@type": "accordion", "collapsed": true, "data": { "blocks": { "6ccdd58b-eff8-4c1e-a241-83b978c4af82": { "@type": "accordionPanel", "blocks": { "431db1fb-c489-4918-aba5-041b096d321d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "whether the past trend in pollution is positive, negative or uncertain the current 'distance to target', based on an assessment of the current trends or status and whether or not the EU is on track to achieve the defined zero pollution targets for 2030 and/or other relevant policy targets.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "whether the past trend in pollution is positive, negative or uncertain" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "the current 'distance to target', based on an assessment of the current trends or status and whether or not the EU is on track to achieve the defined zero pollution targets for 2030 and/or other relevant policy targets." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ol" } ] }, "5e104b8b-5375-4699-afc7-cdbaae2ae78f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The infographic above summarises the overall findings on marine pollution. Two distinct elements are considered:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The infographic above summarises the overall findings on marine pollution. Two distinct elements are considered:" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "e42de415-73d3-4784-994e-be430a1c6dbc": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The analysis is based on a combination of (1) available indicators and data, as presented below, and (2) expert judgement.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The analysis is based on a combination of (1) available indicators and data, as presented below, and (2) expert judgement." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "5e104b8b-5375-4699-afc7-cdbaae2ae78f", "431db1fb-c489-4918-aba5-041b096d321d", "e42de415-73d3-4784-994e-be430a1c6dbc" ] }, "title": "Guidance for interpreting the summary" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "6ccdd58b-eff8-4c1e-a241-83b978c4af82" ] } }, "filtering": false, "non_exclusive": true, "right_arrows": true, "styles": {} }, "ed2595b8-8447-43d5-9b4d-9304b3577efb": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "edbde0f0-3068-4346-9ab9-bf92be45f715": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Sufficient data to identify trends were available for only the North-East Atlantic Ocean\u00a0and the Baltic Sea. A stable or decreasing trend in hazardous substances was observed in the North-East Atlantic Ocean, while a stable trend was observed in the Baltic Sea.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Sufficient data to identify trends were available for only the North-East Atlantic Ocean\u00a0and the Baltic Sea. A stable or decreasing trend in hazardous substances was observed in the North-East Atlantic Ocean, while a stable trend was observed in the Baltic Sea." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f1ee8d2f-7789-47c3-a203-b0cfa9dfdb1d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "f3316ca3-84b6-4f48-a44d-0c1c9d2f00b7": { "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "styles": {}, "variation": "web_report_page", "@layout": "610b9ffe-c999-4455-8ad0-d96da6585cbd", "@type": "title", "block": "f3316ca3-84b6-4f48-a44d-0c1c9d2f00b7", "copyright": "Panagiotis Dalagiorgos, Well with Nature /EEA", "hideContentType": true, "hideCreationDate": true, "hideDownloadButton": true }, "f685844e-d727-4579-a4b4-0e79145794a4": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "f8231548-0afd-4d76-8fb1-19e5bf97b608": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }
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EEA core metadata
Topics
Temporal coverage {}
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" } ] }
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Short name marine-pollution-and-ecosystems
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