Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions

Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions

Our climate is changing because of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Despite notable emission reductions over the last decades, the EU must transform production and consumption systems to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

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Title Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions
Description Our climate is changing because of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Despite notable emission reductions over the last decades, the EU must transform production and consumption systems to achieve climate neutrality by 2050.
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Global cooperation is essential for all climate change mitigation. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement ensure cooperation across borders to tackle climate change and ensure a sustainable future.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU emits 6% of global emissions and cannot act alone. " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Global cooperation" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " is essential for all climate change mitigation. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Paris Agreement" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " ensure cooperation across borders to tackle climate change and ensure a sustainable future." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "774fe6ea-b4fe-47a6-b58f-036fb109cbdd": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In the past decades, the EU took firm action against climate change, resulting in a more than 37% drop in EU emissions in 2023 compared with 1990 levels. This is mainly a result of a growing use of renewable energy and decreased use of carbon-intensive fossil fuels. Improvements in energy efficiency and structural changes in the economy also contributed to meeting these goals.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In the past decades, the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU took firm action" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " against climate change, resulting in a more than 37% drop in EU emissions in 2023 compared with 1990 levels. This is mainly a result of a growing use of " }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "renewable energy" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/a6dedeb6fb8748219693e1f236b12306" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " " } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "and decreased use of carbon-intensive fossil fuels. 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It also means halting deforestation, using land sustainably and r estoring nature until we reach the point where the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is balanced with the capture and storage of these gases in our forests, oceans and soil.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Now, more ambitious goals are set that include a net " }, { "children": [ { "text": "55% or greater reduction " } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "below 1990 levels by 2030 and a climate-neutrality objective by 2050. Reaching these goals will require even higher emission cuts through transitioning from fossil fuels to clean, renewable energy. It also means " }, { "children": [ { "text": "halting deforestation, using land sustainably" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " and " }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "r" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "estoring nature" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/8e44df2d8b78472ca6c1bdae9d3b5407" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " until we reach the point where the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is balanced with the capture and storage of these gases in our forests, oceans and soil. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c4376327-c5a0-4b57-802e-95fc53295e9c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Mitigating climate change means reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This involves cutting greenhouse gases from main sources such as power plants, factories, cars, and farms. 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These include " }, { "children": [ { "text": "targets for greenhouse gas emissions in key sectors" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " of the economy, promoting the use of renewable energy and low carbon fuels, energy efficiency improvements in buildings, and many more. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "6d1a3c54-f4a7-4dec-8ae4-930b8addffdc": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EU also achieved its target for renewable energy . By 2023, 24.1% of our energy consumed came from renewable sources .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU also achieved its target for " }, { "children": [ { "text": "renewable energy" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": ". By 2023, " }, { "children": [ { "text": "24.1% of our energy consumed came from renewable sources" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/d0237888994e4217a4be61b5f25f860a" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". 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Estimates indicate that these " }, { "children": [ { "text": "emissions fell by a further 2% " } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/35f212223abd4c0bb9cdbdfd6c6db78a" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "between 2022 and 2023.\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "1f5d92fb-131e-4014-ba0a-a82f4fa84001", "87db5dd8-8903-4dda-925c-029a2f5f9d66", "811156cd-b7d7-42b0-8b1a-2c733a30e402", "e31101f3-ee6f-4fd8-9c0c-81acf8f7c36a", "6d1a3c54-f4a7-4dec-8ae4-930b8addffdc", "0b57116a-e852-4633-8aec-c0e1db1883ce" ] }, "title": "Key facts" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be", "fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a", "e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" ] }, "iconSize": "small", "imageSize": "icon" }, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "menuFluid": false, "menuPointing": true, "menuPosition": "top", "menuSecondary": true, "menuText": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "template": "accordion", "theme": "light", "verticalAlign": "flex-start" }, "4f92f8b1-314b-4e7a-bc2d-c63152b07f80": { "@type": "tabs_block", "data": { "blocks": { "07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "86a09bdb-1776-4baa-85c0-d8ce164df3d7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Climate change is happening now \u2013 and even if we effectively reduce global emissions, it will worsen. Flooding, droughts, heatwaves and other climate-related hazards will become commonplace.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Climate change is happening now \u2013 and even if we effectively reduce global emissions, it will worsen. Flooding, droughts, heatwaves and other climate-related hazards will become commonplace.\u00a0 " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "8a0c9bde-f8c5-43bd-8add-dc1996d88cab": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "While all Europeans will be affected by climate change, some communities and geographical areas will be more vulnerable. To reduce future climate risks and damage throughout the EU, we must start adapting today.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "While all Europeans will be affected by climate change, some communities and geographical areas will be more vulnerable. To reduce future climate risks and damage throughout the EU, we must start adapting today. " } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "86a09bdb-1776-4baa-85c0-d8ce164df3d7", "8a0c9bde-f8c5-43bd-8add-dc1996d88cab" ] }, "title": "Overview" }, "a13d89ed-795c-472e-a8bd-6603547a5953": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "08c107b7-6f28-47ed-a2ed-c5f18e8a36d8": { "@type": "callToActionBlock", "styles": { "theme": "link" }, "target": "_blank", "text": "More on extreme weather" }, "1e99bb2f-b2ad-42f1-811c-4306d198c95f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Climate impacts are already felt across the EU ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Climate impacts are already felt across the EU " } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "2eaa9f33-745a-4d6c-aae9-27fac6d9f0b8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Arctic sea ice declined on average 76,000 km 2 in summer and 32,000 km 2 in winter annually since 1979, increasing coastal erosion and elevating storm surges. 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Versioning enabled yes
Short name climate-change-mitigation-reducing-emissions
workflow
Content responsible Head of Group
EEA core metadata
Topics Climate change mitigation
Temporal coverage {}
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "value": "geo-783754", "label": "Albania", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2782113", "label": "Austria", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2802361", "label": "Belgium", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-732800", "label": "Bulgaria", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3202326", "label": "Croatia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-146669", "label": "Cyprus", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3077311", "label": "Czechia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2623032", "label": "Denmark", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-453733", "label": "Estonia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-660013", "label": "Finland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3017382", "label": "France", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2921044", "label": "Germany", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-390903", "label": "Greece", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-719819", "label": "Hungary", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2629691", "label": "Iceland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2963597", "label": "Ireland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3175395", "label": "Italy", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-831053", "label": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39" ] }, { "value": "geo-458258", "label": "Latvia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3042058", "label": "Liechtenstein", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-597427", "label": "Lithuania", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2960313", "label": "Luxembourg", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2562770", "label": "Malta", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3194884", "label": "Montenegro", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2750405", "label": "Netherlands", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-718075", "label": "North Macedonia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3144096", "label": "Norway", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-798544", "label": "Poland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2264397", "label": "Portugal", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-798549", "label": "Romania", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-6290252", "label": "Serbia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3057568", "label": "Slovakia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3190538", "label": "Slovenia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2510769", "label": "Spain", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2661886", "label": "Sweden", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2658434", "label": "Switzerland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-298795", "label": "Turkey", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2635167", "label": "United Kingdom", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] } ] }
Publisher European Environment Agency
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Contents
How is Europe fighting against climate change?

To prevent the worst impacts of climate change, European countries have developed national strategies, policies and accompanying measures to mitigate climate change. These include for example targets for greenhouse gas emissions in key sectors of the economy, promoting the use of renewable energy and low carbon fuels or improvements in the energy efficiency of buildings.

Explore data on policies and measures

The EEA, together with its European Topic Centre on Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME), compile and process the data reporting from the Member States. Along with data on greenhouse gas emissions and projections, the information on policies and measures is used to evaluate and report on the progress of the EU and Member States towards their commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

What is the current state of the ozone layer?

The ozone layer sits in the stratosphere between 15 km and 30 km above the earth and shields us and other living things from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ozone layer depletion could have serious effects on human health and the environment.

Ozone-depleting substances - 2024

Man-made ozone-depleting substances destroy the protective ozone layer and, in 1987, the international community established the Montreal Protocol to cut their consumption and production. To fulfil its obligations under the Montreal Protocol, the EU has adopted the more ambitious EU Ozone Regulation. This online data viewer contains information on ozone-depleting substances in the EU, based on aggregated data reported by companies since 2006 under the Ozone Regulation.

Ozone-depleting substances - 2025

Anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances destroy the protective ozone layer. In 1987, the international community established the Montreal Protocol to cut their consumption and production. To fulfil its obligations under the Montreal Protocol, the EU adopted an even more ambitious ozone layer protection policy ,  updated with the Ozone Regulation (EU) 2024/590 . This online data viewer contains information on ozone-depleting substances in the EU, based on aggregated data reported by companies since 2006 under the EU ozone legislation.

Trends and projections in Europe reports

The EEA’s annual report on Trends and Projections in Europe updates the progress assessments of the EU and European countries towards their climate mitigation and energy targets. It also sets sights forward towards the EU’s 2030 and 2050 targets on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing renewable energy generation and improving energy efficiency.