Environmental health impacts

Environmental health impacts

Despite progress in many areas, environmental hazards continue to affect public health in the EU. Air pollution, noise, heavy metal emissions, heatwaves and cold spells continue to cause health issues and fatalities across Europe each year. Europe has put in place a wide range of policies and measures to reduce such health impacts.

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Title Environmental health impacts
Description Despite progress in many areas, environmental hazards continue to affect public health in the EU. Air pollution, noise, heavy metal emissions, heatwaves and cold spells continue to cause health issues and fatalities across Europe each year. Europe has put in place a wide range of policies and measures to reduce such health impacts.
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More than 90% of Europeans living\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "in cities\u00a0" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/159f6f462f794c86bace0fa93aea6d48" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "are exposed to harmful levels of fine particulate matter,\u00a0which causes " }, { "children": [ { "text": "more than 200,000 premature deaths per year in Europe" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/ca04c642ff824209a4fd6c3c10418f70" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "bde89900-aa68-411f-8dee-180d29036536": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Noise pollution from highways, airports and streets can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, sleep loss, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Long-term exposure to environmental noise is estimated to cause 12,000 premature deaths and contribute to 48,000 new cases of ischemic heart disease per year in Europe. Pollutants can enter rivers and lakes, eventually accumulating in our oceans. Some chemicals used in industry and agriculture can enter the food chain and accumulate in our bodies. Ongoing biomonitoring research sheds light on these chemicals and their health impacts. Climate change affects all Europeans. It can cause heatwaves, elevated exposure to UV radiation, extreme and harmful weather events, prolonged and intensified pollen seasons, the proliferation of infectious diseases and forest fires. Vulnerable groups like the elderly, children and people with a low income or in poor health are most affected. One in ten European schools and hospitals may also be at risk of flooding.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Noise pollution" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/add3ad54f5264ddf834f207df0b013f8" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " from highways, airports and streets can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, sleep loss, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Long-term exposure to environmental noise is estimated to cause 12,000 premature deaths and contribute to 48,000 new cases of ischemic heart disease per year in Europe.\r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Pollutants" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " can enter rivers and lakes, eventually accumulating in our oceans. Some chemicals used in industry and agriculture can enter the food chain and accumulate in our bodies. Ongoing biomonitoring research sheds light on these chemicals and their health impacts. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Climate change" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " affects all Europeans. It can cause heatwaves, elevated exposure to UV radiation, extreme and harmful weather events, prolonged and intensified pollen seasons, the proliferation of infectious diseases and forest fires. Vulnerable groups like the elderly, children and people with a low income or in poor health are most affected. One in ten European schools and hospitals may also be at risk of flooding. " } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] }, "fb4f202f-e85a-49cb-a51e-20e87a2e6440": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "\r" } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "2c909c1e-faf0-423b-b202-c61648c3bfeb", "9d980001-5c30-4c25-9a35-d32af3e5a5e2", "fb4f202f-e85a-49cb-a51e-20e87a2e6440", "371b80fc-0c34-48c0-bc38-dbe093304b79", "04b6e445-ddc8-42b8-9e03-b04ba6c18f5b", "bde89900-aa68-411f-8dee-180d29036536" ] }, "title": "Overview" }, "e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "28d90998-a2d6-4b9a-ae90-7aed4e291212": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "\r" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "52a094ba-414c-406e-b37e-d34c8e90224c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The Ambient Air Quality Directives set air quality standards for 12 air pollutants. These directives also define common methods to monitor, assess and inform the public on ambient air quality in the EU. The Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability aims to protect citizens and the environment from harmful chemicals and boost innovation by promoting safer and more sustainable chemicals. The Environmental Noise Directive monitors noise exposure in the EU. The Bathing Water Directive aims to safeguard public health and protect the aquatic environment in coastal and inland areas from pollution. The EU Adaptation Strategy outlines a long-term vision for the EU to become climate-resilient by 2050. All EU Member States have also adopted adaptation strategies and/or plans specific to their country\u2019s needs and risks. The European Climate Law , makes climate adaptation mandatory (Article 5).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Ambient Air Quality Directives" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " set air quality standards for 12 air pollutants. These directives also define common methods to monitor, assess and inform the public on ambient air quality in the EU. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " aims to protect citizens and the environment from harmful chemicals and boost innovation by promoting safer and more sustainable chemicals. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The Environmental Noise" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Directive" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " monitors noise exposure in the EU.\r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The Bathing Water Directive" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " aims to safeguard public health and protect the aquatic environment in coastal and inland areas from pollution. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The EU Adaptation Strategy" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " outlines a long-term vision for the EU to become climate-resilient by 2050. All EU Member States have also adopted adaptation strategies and/or plans specific to their country\u2019s needs and risks. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The" }, { "children": [ { "text": " European Climate Law" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ", makes climate adaptation mandatory (Article 5)." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] }, "8d2bd2cd-c36c-4b4a-a251-725b3d7e8765": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Other health and environment-related EU policies and directives include:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Other health and environment-related EU policies and directives include:" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "94997c5c-3c6d-46f5-9454-3c1577178f73": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Our health and environment are intrinsically linked, and the best way to improve one is to improve the other. Recognising this, part of the Eighth Environment Action Programme (8th EAP) and the Zero Pollution Action Plan aims to tackle pollution and thereby reduce the impacts on public health and the environment.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Our health and environment are intrinsically linked, and the best way to improve one is to improve the other. Recognising this, part of the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Eighth Environment Action Programme" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/environment-action-programme-2030_en#objectives" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " (8th EAP) and the Zero Pollution Action Plan aims to tackle pollution and thereby reduce the impacts on public health and the environment. \r" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "96400c23-9d2e-4263-af00-5850770bc23d": { "@type": "callToActionBlock", "href": "../../../../resolveuid/39d2d9c2742849aeb504f553a85b576d", "styles": { "align": "right", "theme": "secondary" }, "text": "See the EU policies we support" }, "a62e7a62-e447-49a3-a96c-fe1a1cf55836": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EEA provides knowledge and data needed to support all these policies and their implementation.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EEA provides knowledge and data needed to support all these policies and their implementation." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "94997c5c-3c6d-46f5-9454-3c1577178f73", "8d2bd2cd-c36c-4b4a-a251-725b3d7e8765", "52a094ba-414c-406e-b37e-d34c8e90224c", "a62e7a62-e447-49a3-a96c-fe1a1cf55836", "28d90998-a2d6-4b9a-ae90-7aed4e291212", "96400c23-9d2e-4263-af00-5850770bc23d" ] }, "selected": "8014d413-a047-4cec-8a1a-055c336e49d4", "title": "EU action" }, "fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "3a6fd9c7-e52f-4aed-aea2-4d733eaf6175": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The health impacts of specific environmental stressors like air pollution, noise, chemicals and climate change are being thoroughly researched.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The health impacts of specific environmental stressors like air pollution, noise, chemicals and climate change are being thoroughly researched. \r" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "e16386ee-f12f-43e5-8bd4-ffc751003778": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Recent findings include:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Recent findings include: " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f9f026a8-0c79-4653-add3-0d440e8299fa": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Environmental risks are estimated to cause over 18% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in Europe. Environmental and occupational risks are responsible for around 10% of all cancer cases in Europe \u2014 almost all of which are preventable. Heavy metals emissions are in decline . Between 2005 and 2022, emissions have continued to decline, with lead emissions decreasing by 44%, mercury emissions by 53% and cadmium emissions by 39% across the EU-27 Member States. Europe\u2019s air is cleaner but health impacts continue . The EU has achieved significant improvements in air quality over the last four decades. Still, exposure to pollutants, particulate matter and NO x from road transport continues to cause health concerns. Forever chemicals continue to pose health risks . National monitoring shows that per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are accumulating in drinking water supplies in the EU. Their health impacts have not been fully assessed yet. Climate change increases health risks . Over the past decades, Europe has experienced more frequent and severe weather and climate-related natural hazards like droughts, forest fires, heat waves and heavy rain. This extreme weather can cause several health issues. Simultaneously, the rise in mean temperature increases the incidence of infectious, allergic, water- and food-borne diseases given the climate sensitivity of pathogens. Between 1980 and 2022 , 5,582 f lood-related deaths and 702 wildfire-related deaths were recorded across 32 European countries. Already today, one in eight Europeans lives in areas potentially prone to river floods and around 30% of people in southern Europe face permanent water stress.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "\r" } ], "type": "p" } ], "type": "ul" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Environmental risks are estimated to cause over 18% of\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "cardiovascular disease-related deaths" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/ebc16e0454264c5dafae0803b0cc01c6" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0in Europe." }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Environmental and occupational risks" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/416dcbfeeab246409aa7325308bc8bf2" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " are responsible for around 10% of all cancer cases in Europe \u2014 almost all of which are preventable.\r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Heavy metals emissions are in decline" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/heavy-metal-emissions-in-europe" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " Between 2005 and 2022, emissions have continued to decline, with lead emissions decreasing by 44%, mercury emissions by 53% and cadmium emissions by 39% across the EU-27 Member States.\r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Europe\u2019s air is cleaner but health impacts continue" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/3dcb0861194342079751aa47412200c7" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " The EU has achieved significant improvements in air quality over the last four decades. Still, exposure to pollutants, particulate matter and NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": " from road transport continues to cause health concerns. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Forever chemicals continue to pose health risks" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/f94b3eec44584c81b6b28cf3362a47e6" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " National monitoring shows that per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are accumulating in drinking water supplies in the EU. Their health impacts have not been fully assessed yet. \r" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Climate change increases health risks" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/9e723b4d7a3d4aff8a2d87e3a07b3575" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " Over the past decades, Europe has experienced more frequent and severe weather and climate-related natural hazards like droughts, forest fires, heat waves and heavy rain. This extreme weather can cause several health issues. Simultaneously, the rise in mean temperature increases the incidence of infectious, allergic, water- and food-borne diseases given the climate sensitivity of pathogens. " } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Between 1980 and 2022" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/d144c066d3d542829eda019e7d64ceb5" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", 5,582 " }, { "children": [ { "text": "f" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "lood-related deaths and 702 wildfire-related deaths" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " were recorded across 32 European countries. Already today, one in eight Europeans lives in areas potentially prone to river floods and around 30% of people in southern Europe face permanent water stress.\r" } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "3a6fd9c7-e52f-4aed-aea2-4d733eaf6175", "e16386ee-f12f-43e5-8bd4-ffc751003778", "f9f026a8-0c79-4653-add3-0d440e8299fa" ] }, "title": "Key facts" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be", "fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a", "e3e6b879-fef4-4a88-9436-5f0064698270" ] }, "iconSize": "small", "imageSize": "icon" }, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "menuFluid": false, "menuPointing": true, "menuPosition": "top", "menuSecondary": true, "menuText": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "template": "accordion", "theme": "light", "verticalAlign": "flex-start" }, "4f92f8b1-314b-4e7a-bc2d-c63152b07f80": { "@type": "tabs_block", "data": { "blocks": { "07e50b68-8bf2-4641-ba6b-eda1afd544be": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "86a09bdb-1776-4baa-85c0-d8ce164df3d7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Climate change is happening now \u2013 and even if we effectively reduce global emissions, it will worsen. Flooding, droughts, heatwaves and other climate-related hazards will become commonplace.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Climate change is happening now \u2013 and even if we effectively reduce global emissions, it will worsen. Flooding, droughts, heatwaves and other climate-related hazards will become commonplace.\u00a0 " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "8a0c9bde-f8c5-43bd-8add-dc1996d88cab": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "While all Europeans will be affected by climate change, some communities and geographical areas will be more vulnerable. To reduce future climate risks and damage throughout the EU, we must start adapting today.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "While all Europeans will be affected by climate change, some communities and geographical areas will be more vulnerable. To reduce future climate risks and damage throughout the EU, we must start adapting today. " } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "86a09bdb-1776-4baa-85c0-d8ce164df3d7", "8a0c9bde-f8c5-43bd-8add-dc1996d88cab" ] }, "title": "Overview" }, "a13d89ed-795c-472e-a8bd-6603547a5953": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "08c107b7-6f28-47ed-a2ed-c5f18e8a36d8": { "@type": "callToActionBlock", "styles": { "theme": "link" }, "target": "_blank", "text": "More on extreme weather" }, "1e99bb2f-b2ad-42f1-811c-4306d198c95f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Climate impacts are already felt across the EU ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Climate impacts are already felt across the EU " } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "2eaa9f33-745a-4d6c-aae9-27fac6d9f0b8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Arctic sea ice declined on average 76,000 km 2 in summer and 32,000 km 2 in winter annually since 1979, increasing coastal erosion and elevating storm surges. Severe droughts caused a 3% annual productivity loss in affected areas from 2000-2019. Forest fires coinciding with record droughts and heatwaves affected central and northern Europe regions that are not typically prone to fires. Soil moisture in the growing season was several times below the long-term average in the EEA member countries plus the UK from 2000-2019.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Arctic sea ice declined on average 76,000 km" }, { "sup": true, "text": "2" }, { "text": "\u202fin summer and 32,000 km" }, { "sup": true, "text": "2" }, { "text": " in winter annually since 1979, increasing coastal erosion and elevating storm surges. " } ], "type": "p" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Severe droughts caused a 3% annual productivity loss in affected areas from 2000-2019.\u00a0" } ], "type": "p" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": " Forest fires coinciding with record droughts and heatwaves affected central and northern Europe regions that are not typically prone to fires. " } ], "type": "p" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Soil moisture in the growing season was several times below the long-term average in the EEA member countries plus the UK from 2000-2019. " } ], "type": "p" } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] }, "4889aa96-27d6-4a65-8b98-972a8837a4b5": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Climate change is already impacting the environment in the EU through extreme weather events like heatwaves, storm surges, droughts, and floods.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Climate change is already impacting the environment in the EU through extreme weather events like heatwaves, storm surges, droughts, and floods.\u00a0 " } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "1e99bb2f-b2ad-42f1-811c-4306d198c95f", "4889aa96-27d6-4a65-8b98-972a8837a4b5", "2eaa9f33-745a-4d6c-aae9-27fac6d9f0b8", "08c107b7-6f28-47ed-a2ed-c5f18e8a36d8" ] }, "selected": "ecad792c-5712-49f0-8884-8ffe75aa035e", "title": "State" }, "fa515f0c-9ab0-493c-b4cd-58a32dfaae0a": { "@type": "tab", "blocks": { "0087e7ae-23e0-4a54-891a-640dcaf73780": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Preventing flooding through urban adaptation measures, like new locks in Albertkanaal in Flanders, Belgium Saving energy and reducing emissions with nature-based solutions, like the green roofs in Basel, Switzerland Reducing disaster risks with initiatives like the new heat-health action plan in North Macedonia ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Preventing flooding " } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "through urban adaptation measures, like new locks in Albertkanaal in Flanders, Belgium" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Saving energy and reducing emissions " } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "with nature-based solutions, like the green roofs in Basel, Switzerland" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Reducing disaster risks " } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "with initiatives like the new heat-health action plan in North Macedonia" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] }, "5c1d66a6-75e8-4e93-8f94-4972e768f6f1": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Across the EU, climate adaptation measures are being taken to decrease specific risks and impacts . In February 2021, the European Commission adopted the EU Adaptation Strategy. The Strategy outlines a long-term vision for the EU to become climate-resilient by 2050 .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Across the EU, climate adaptation measures are being taken to " }, { "children": [ { "text": "decrease specific risks and impacts" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ". In February 2021, the European Commission adopted the EU Adaptation Strategy. The Strategy outlines a long-term vision for the EU to become " }, { "children": [ { "text": "climate-resilient by 2050" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ". 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Settings
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Short name environmental-health-impacts
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Topics Environmental health impacts
Temporal coverage {}
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "value": "geo-783754", "label": "Albania", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2782113", "label": "Austria", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2802361", "label": "Belgium", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-732800", "label": "Bulgaria", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3202326", "label": "Croatia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-146669", "label": "Cyprus", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3077311", "label": "Czechia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2623032", "label": "Denmark", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-453733", "label": "Estonia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-660013", "label": "Finland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3017382", "label": "France", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2921044", "label": "Germany", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-390903", "label": "Greece", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-719819", "label": "Hungary", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2629691", "label": "Iceland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2963597", "label": "Ireland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3175395", "label": "Italy", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-831053", "label": "Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99)", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39" ] }, { "value": "geo-458258", "label": "Latvia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3042058", "label": "Liechtenstein", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-597427", "label": "Lithuania", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2960313", "label": "Luxembourg", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2562770", "label": "Malta", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3194884", "label": "Montenegro", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2750405", "label": "Netherlands", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-718075", "label": "North Macedonia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3144096", "label": "Norway", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-798544", "label": "Poland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2264397", "label": "Portugal", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-798549", "label": "Romania", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-6290252", "label": "Serbia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3057568", "label": "Slovakia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-3190538", "label": "Slovenia", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2510769", "label": "Spain", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2661886", "label": "Sweden", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2658434", "label": "Switzerland", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EFTA4", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-298795", "label": "Turkey", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "Pan-Europe" ] }, { "value": "geo-2635167", "label": "United Kingdom", "group": [ "EEA32", "EEA33", "EEA39", "EU15", "EU25", "EU27", "EU28", "Pan-Europe" ] } ] }
Publisher European Environment Agency
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