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"plaintext": "The EU and its Member States, as parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC),\u00a0shall compile annual\u00a0national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories . The EU GHG inventory, which is based on the aggregation of the EU Member States\u2019 own inventories reported to the UNFCCC, includes anthropogenic emissions and removals of GHGs. It also includes a wealth of information on the status of and trends in soil carbon pools (see Box 1). When estimating GHG emissions and removals, Member States have to follow IPCC guidelines. EU and Member States\u2019 GHG emissions are internally and externally reviewed annually by experts, following internationally agreed review guidelines.",
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"plaintext": "The area of organic soils decreased by 0.46Mha during the period 1990-2019. This typically happens when a soil with a shallow layer of organic matter has been drained for a number of years and consequently loses so much carbon that it becomes a mineral soil.",
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"plaintext": "The EU has set a legally binding target of climate neutrality in 2050 and this includes an important role for the LULUCF sector including soils in reducing overall EU emissions. \u00a0Besides the role of soils in climate change mitigation policy, soil management decisions will also impact other policy areas such as the biodiversity, the soil and the farm to fork strategies, so it is important to understand synergies and trade-offs between environmental impacts of climate-related soil management measures.",
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"plaintext": "The EU LULUCF sector is a significant sink, meaning that it removes CO 2 from the atmosphere by storing more carbon on land. However, there are large differences in carbon storage capacity between countries because of the size of the country, the dominant land use categories and the soil types in each country. Member States report GHG fluxes, which are gains and losses of carbon due to human activities. To distinguish anthropogenic from non-anthropogenic fluxes, Member States classify their land as managed or unmanaged, respectively (see Box 1). Most of the land in the EU is managed. However, this is less the case for the wetland category, which also happens to have relatively more land with organic soil than the other land use categories. Because the GHG inventories include only anthropogenic emissions and removals, fluxes in unmanaged land are not reported in the national GHG inventories.",
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"text": "\u00a0from the atmosphere by storing more carbon on land. However, there are large differences in carbon storage capacity between countries because of the size of the country, the dominant land use categories and the soil types in each country. Member States report GHG fluxes, which are gains and losses of carbon due to human activities. To distinguish anthropogenic from non-anthropogenic fluxes, Member States classify their land as managed or unmanaged, respectively (see Box 1). Most of the land in the EU is managed. However, this is less the case for the wetland category, which also happens to have relatively more land with organic soil than the other land use categories. Because the GHG inventories include only anthropogenic emissions and removals, fluxes in unmanaged land are not reported in the national GHG inventories."
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"plaintext": "Figure 6. Area of each land use category in the EU in 1990 and 2019 (kha)",
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"plaintext": "As organic soils have a larger impact on overall emissions than mineral soils per hectare, this decrease in the area of organic soils, together with a decrease in the cropland area (see Figure 6), has reduced overall emissions from soils in the EU since 1990.",
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"plaintext": "The area of managed organic soils is not distributed evenly by land use category (see Figure 2), which has implications for the GHG fluxes. The cropland and grassland categories generally have higher GHG emissions per hectare than other land use categories, with the exception of peat extraction. For the cropland category, the biggest areas of managed organic soils are in Germany, Finland, Poland and Sweden (see Figure 3). In grasslands, the largest areas of organic soils are found in Germany, Poland, Ireland and the Netherlands (see Figure 4).",
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"text": "The area of managed organic soils is not distributed evenly by land use category (see Figure 2), which has implications for the GHG fluxes. The cropland and grassland categories generally have higher GHG emissions per hectare than other land use categories, with the exception of peat extraction. For the cropland category, the biggest areas of managed organic soils are in Germany, Finland, Poland and Sweden (see Figure 3). In grasslands, the largest areas of organic soils are found in Germany, Poland, Ireland and the Netherlands (see Figure 4)."
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"plaintext": "Six Member States report not having any organic soils, and in many other Member States the area of organic soil is small. Organic soils occur mainly in northern Europe, where the colder and wetter climate favours the build-up of carbon in soil. The total area of organic soils reported by Member States is over 33 million hectares, of which 74% are found in Finland and Sweden. Of the area with organic soils, 15.7 million hectares are unmanaged and belong to the wetland category. These are also mostly located in Finland and Sweden.",
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"plaintext": "According to the EU GHG inventory for the year 2019, 92.1% of the land area reported in all six land use categories comprises mineral soil and 7.9% of the land area comprises organic soils. However, only slightly more than half of the area with organic soil is classified as managed (see Figure 1). All of the unmanaged organic soil is reported in the wetlands category.\u00a0Approximately 1% of the area with mineral soil is unmanaged.",
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"text": "According to the EU GHG inventory for the year 2019, 92.1% of the land area reported in all six land use categories comprises mineral soil and 7.9% of the land area comprises organic soils. However, only slightly more than half of the area with organic soil is classified as managed (see Figure 1). All of the unmanaged organic soil is reported in the wetlands category.\u00a0Approximately 1% of the area with mineral soil is unmanaged."
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"plaintext": "Germany is the Member State with by far the most emissions from organic soil (see Figure 7). This corresponds well with the country\u2019s area of organic soil under cropland and grassland. Germany, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Latvia, the Netherlands and Denmark together report 89% of the total EU emissions from organic soil.",
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