Air pollution in Europe: 2024 reporting status under the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive

Air pollution in Europe: 2024 reporting status under the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive

This briefing describes progress made by the EU and its Member States towards reducing emissions of the five main air pollutants regulated under the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive. It assesses Member State performance against emission reduction commitments for 2020-2029, as well as progress towards meeting more ambitious reduction commitments that will apply 2030 onwards. It also highlights trends for a broader range of air pollutants and their sources in Europe. The briefing is based on the latest data reported by Member States in 2024 for their 2022 emissions.

Title Air pollution in Europe: 2024 reporting status under the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive
Description This briefing describes progress made by the EU and its Member States towards reducing emissions of the five main air pollutants regulated under the National Emission reduction Commitments Directive. It assesses Member State performance against emission reduction commitments for 2020-2029, as well as progress towards meeting more ambitious reduction commitments that will apply 2030 onwards. It also highlights trends for a broader range of air pollutants and their sources in Europe. The briefing is based on the latest data reported by Member States in 2024 for their 2022 emissions.
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Blocks { "0053cd47-113f-4357-9502-a45d5fae9040": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Relevant publications:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Relevant publications:" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "06b51d3d-2a13-4e40-88ac-8f35ba7c3766": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Status of achieving the 2020-2029 emission reduction commitments under the NEC Directive", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Status of achieving the 2020-2029 emission reduction commitments under the NEC Directive\u00a0" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "0abec311-54b5-4295-bd13-d37a231bdde7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Member States need to do more to achieve the national emission reduction commitments set from 2030 and beyond. Only two Member States are already meeting their 2030 emission reduction commitments based on the 2022 data for at least one of the five main air pollutants. In several instances, the distance to the target is very significant and requires far stronger action.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Member States need to do more to achieve the national emission reduction commitments set from 2030 and beyond. Only two Member States are already meeting their 2030 emission reduction commitments based on the 2022 data for at least one of the five main air pollutants. In several instances, the distance to the target is very significant and requires far stronger action." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "0b3b747f-4618-499f-b6cc-7e5c852801bd": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "0ffb71f4-9401-4d96-81ad-bc040b2904ca": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "1381de7d-9f6b-449c-8ff9-ad2b853036f0": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The analysis presented in this briefing is based on the latest air pollutant emission inventory data reported by Member States\u00a0in 2024, which refer to emissions up to the year 2022. Member States have reported annual emissions since 1990 and particulate matter since 2000.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The analysis presented in this briefing is based on the latest " }, { "children": [ { "text": "air pollutant emission inventory data" } ], "data": { "extra": [], "footnote": "The data presented in this briefing represent 2022 emissions as reported by Member States in 2024 and do not include corrections made during the European Commission 2024 inventory review. These corrections are highly unlikely to have a significant impact on the aggregated EU emission levels, though in some cases they may alter national emissions levels and subsequently performance against an emission reduction commitment.", "label": "The data presented in this briefing represent 2022 emissions as reported by Member States in 2024 and do not include corrections made during the European Commission 2024 inventory review. These corrections are highly unlikely to have a significant impact on the aggregated EU emission levels, though in some cases they may alter national emissions levels and subsequently performance against an emission reduction commitment.", "uid": "l9fog", "value": "The data presented in this briefing represent 2022 emissions as reported by Member States in 2024 and do not include corrections made during the European Commission 2024 inventory review. These corrections are highly unlikely to have a significant impact on the aggregated EU emission levels, though in some cases they may alter national emissions levels and subsequently performance against an emission reduction commitment." }, "type": "footnote" }, { "text": "\u00a0reported by Member States\u00a0in 2024, which refer to emissions up to the year 2022. Member States have reported annual emissions since 1990 and particulate matter since 2000." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "165c7bac-54ff-4a26-bdcf-389b2a73dcc8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "19 Member States are meeting the 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for NMVOC. New technologies and improved production processes in the main NMVOC emission sectors such as manufacturing, extractive industry and product use may reduce air pollutant emissions further.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "19 Member States are meeting the 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for NMVOC." }, { "children": [ { "text": "\u00a0" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "New technologies and improved production processes in the main NMVOC emission sectors such as manufacturing, extractive industry and product use may reduce air pollutant emissions further." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "1ae7ec4c-a54d-42b1-bc8d-19191735c5e2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 5. Trends in EU emissions of NH 3 , NMVOCs, NO x , primary PM 10 , primary PM 2.5 , BC, SO 2 and CO, 2005-2022", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 5. Trends in EU emissions of NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", NMVOCs, NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", primary PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "10" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", primary PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", BC, SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2\u00a0" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "and CO, 2005-2022" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "254b2133-f6c3-4704-8ddb-88778dbb8971": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "261f85e6-b9ca-4d5f-ac64-cab6dfccd170": { "@layout": "4e29c2d6-cc35-4de2-8a47-e894226b9dd0", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "eb1feb3d-4fef-4fb2-a67a-9f305beb9457", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "296511f9-0fa1-4970-85bc-1572e2cf67e0": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. Number of Member States that met their 2020-2029 national emissions reduction commitments for the five main air pollutants in 2022, and number of Member States that need to reduce their emission levels to meet their commitments", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Number of Member States that met their 2020-2029 national emissions reduction commitments for the five main air pollutants in 2022, and number of Member States that need to reduce their emission levels to meet their commitments" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "2c04b08a-a9ad-404b-9fb3-fdcf01edce78": { "@layout": "d329b97b-c441-4949-908e-e8b0dfc0c39b", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "0b1ca09d-6eb8-4bc5-8c68-3015a9d473bf", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "2f514c96-b373-4cf8-98b0-d85fe71728e1": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 4. Contributory sectors and activities to the wider group of air pollutant emissions in EU Member States", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 4. Contributory sectors and activities to the wider group of air pollutant emissions in EU Member States" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "31d711fe-8969-44fd-bf14-95baabf8a6d7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Six Member States\u00a0did not achieve the 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for NOx, according to 2022 emission data. A substantial reduction in NOx emissions \u2014 especially from road transport \u2014 is required to bring the emissions down to the required levels.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Six Member States\u00a0did not achieve the 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for NOx, according to 2022 emission data. A substantial reduction in NOx emissions \u2014 especially from road transport \u2014 is required to bring the emissions down to the required levels." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "349a3abd-148d-4d5e-8bb4-d42642e29b39": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "36d6c8b7-c49a-4975-990f-bb2ad4b52e82": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Total air pollutant emissions across EU Member States declined slightly in 2022, maintaining the overall downward trend observed since 2005. Figure 5 shows the trend in total emissions, indexed as a percentage of their value in the reference year 2005 and set against gross domestic product (GDP) as a percentage of the 2005 value.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Total air pollutant emissions across EU Member States declined slightly in 2022, maintaining the overall downward trend observed since 2005. Figure 5 shows the trend in total emissions, indexed as a percentage of their value in the reference year 2005 and set against gross domestic product (GDP) as a percentage of the 2005 value." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "37b0ce64-9f77-462e-9920-d697333970bb": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "38a9f557-3eee-43a4-b149-385bfb591971": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Efforts needed to meet national emission reduction commitments from 2030 and beyond", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Efforts needed to meet national emission reduction commitments from 2030 and beyond \u00a0\u00a0" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "39f7fad8-fa7b-4725-afe5-98f65b76c962": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "3c88a289-6c31-4de7-84dc-37c4908078d8": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "data": { "blocks": { "a300723e-599e-4ca2-a924-e3e1cd750913": { "@type": "embed_tableau_visualization", "dataprotection": {}, "tableau_vis_url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2024/figure-4-contributing-sectors-and-activities-to-the-wider-group-of-air-pollutant-emissions-in-eu-member-states", "with_download": false, "with_more_info": false, "with_notes": false, "with_share": false }, "d5c8669b-7b0f-4410-941b-a4d49c55e321": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "d5c8669b-7b0f-4410-941b-a4d49c55e321", "a300723e-599e-4ca2-a924-e3e1cd750913" ] } }, "styles": { "size": "wide_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "3e03fd69-85f9-4af5-8c51-6e82f05e3593": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Notably, NH 3 emissions fell by only 16% \u2014 the least out of any pollutant.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Notably, NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions fell by only 16% \u2014 the least out of any pollutant." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "425954d6-22d2-4567-b6dc-c4f69b3419fa": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Past trends in air pollutant emissions, 2005-2022", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Past trends in air pollutant emissions, 2005-2022" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "4c659523-198d-4634-9920-9fc0ee0cb22e": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "4c72c2f5-4ed2-4a7d-9eae-22979a60ddfc": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "4e796197-a96c-4a25-af80-789069a4e8ac": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Most Member States achieved their national emission reduction commitments set for 2020-2029, according to 2022 data. However, 11 Member States failed to meet their emission reduction commitments in 2022 for at least one of the five main air pollutants.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Most Member States achieved their national emission reduction commitments set for 2020-2029, according to 2022 data. However, 11 Member States failed to meet their emission reduction commitments in 2022 for at least one of the five main air pollutants." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "500f7863-d534-4caf-bd98-1bd09d9f7733": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "50a9bc11-0140-4f73-b4b6-789082549c52": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 6. Trends in EU emissions of benzo(a)pyrene, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and nickel, 2005-2022", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 6. Trends in EU emissions of benzo(a)pyrene, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and nickel, 2005-2022" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "5694797a-d026-4d21-b89f-5c55c4d0a3f1": { "@layout": "d685a3a5-2d78-4511-8f7f-df42554def54", "@type": "layoutSettings", "block": "bb04f207-8e72-4a8d-ad98-1bb7bfce3541", "layout_size": "narrow_view" }, "5c256b62-fa16-4846-bea8-352ab506cdca": { "@layout": "17c98742-c02f-452a-95e6-e3a368d19d1c", "@type": "group", "as": "div", "block": "8636bf49-cf3d-47bd-a865-19e7a143bdab", "data": { "blocks": { "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Reducing ammonia emissions remains the biggest challenge: nine Member States need to cut their 2022 emission levels to fulfil their 2020-2029 reduction commitments. The agriculture sector is the principal source, responsible for 93% of total ammonia emissions. Ammonia emissions have decreased only slightly in many Member States since 2005 and in some cases have increased." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "34139987-fe7b-4b30-87b4-46fcc6bafc74": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Achieving further reductions for 2030 and beyond will be a significant challenge for nearly all EU countries and for almost all air pollutants. The reduction rate for some pollutant emissions is now levelling off. One exception is sulphur dioxide: 22 Member States are already compliant with the 2030 reduction commitment." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "In 2022, 16 Member States met their respective 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for each of the five main air pollutants, while 11 Member States failed to do so for at least one of five main air pollutants." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "63b6d529-b2cd-4abb-b0ea-ae003148a03a": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Emissions of the main air pollutants continued to decline, maintaining a trend seen since 2005. 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These are indexed as a percentage of their value in the reference year 2005 and set against EU Member States\u2019 GDP as a percentage of the 2005 value. Emissions of nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) fell by 69% and 65%, respectively, while mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) emissions fell by 52%, 44% and 39%, respectively. Emissions of BaP fell by just 22%.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 6\u00a0shows trends in the total emissions of heavy metals and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in EU Member States. These are indexed as a percentage of their value in the reference year 2005 and set against EU Member States\u2019 GDP as a percentage of the 2005 value. Emissions of nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) fell by 69% and 65%, respectively, while mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) emissions fell by 52%, 44% and 39%, respectively. Emissions of BaP fell by just 22%." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "689c947c-93fb-437f-bf25-b74c20a6c902": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "748891c8-9c62-46c7-bf5f-492871e59643": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The decoupling of emissions from economic activity may be the result of a combination of factors, such as increased regulation and policy implementation, fuel switching, technological improvements, and improvements in energy or process efficiencies.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The decoupling of emissions from economic activity may be the result of a combination of factors, such as increased regulation and policy implementation, fuel switching, technological improvements, and improvements in energy or process efficiencies." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7586a12c-e82d-4d1b-8a59-f3b8ce05d48f": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "data": { "blocks": { "15543e92-60b6-4631-ae79-64818fbe45a3": { "@type": "embed_tableau_visualization", "dataprotection": {}, "tableau_height": "1000", "tableau_vis_url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2024/figure-5-trends-in-eu-emissions-of-nh3-nmvocs-nox-primary-pm10-primary-pm2-5-bc-so2-and-co-2005-2022", "with_download": false, "with_more_info": false, "with_share": false }, "3121326c-a48a-46d1-ac3a-d336253894fb": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "3121326c-a48a-46d1-ac3a-d336253894fb", "15543e92-60b6-4631-ae79-64818fbe45a3" ] } }, "styles": { "size": "wide_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "7bd2c122-6f4e-41c2-af0d-5b9ee14a6d4b": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "data": { "blocks": { "a946b7c5-8aaa-4443-ac04-f8ac79e11820": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "e6c43baf-7db3-43cc-859a-af9cfdd960be": { "@type": "embed_tableau_visualization", "dataprotection": {}, "tableau_vis_url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2024/table-1-percentage-emission-reductions-required-by-eu-member-states-to-meet-their-emission-reduction-commitments-for-2020-2029", "with_download": false, "with_more_info": false, "with_share": false }, "fc6346d6-f3be-4769-9ba1-fa2c631a217d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "a946b7c5-8aaa-4443-ac04-f8ac79e11820", "fc6346d6-f3be-4769-9ba1-fa2c631a217d", "e6c43baf-7db3-43cc-859a-af9cfdd960be" ] } }, "styles": { "size": "container_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "7e642f63-060c-4bac-8820-051279cb1dd1": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Efforts needed to meet national emission reduction commitments for 2020-2029 ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Efforts needed to meet national emission reduction commitments for 2020-2029" }, { "children": [ { "text": "\u00a0" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "7e84b56a-b5d1-4943-a618-ea97646130cf": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "From 2005 to 2022, PM 2.5 and PM 10 emissions fell by 32% and 31%, respectively. Emissions of SO 2 fell significantly between 2005 to 2022 with a decrease of 82%. Major reductions were also seen for nitrogen oxides (50%), black carbon (44%), carbon monoxide (42%) and NMVOCs (33%).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "From 2005 to 2022, PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "10" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions fell by 32% and 31%, respectively. Emissions of SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0fell significantly between 2005 to 2022 with a decrease of 82%. Major reductions were also seen for nitrogen oxides (50%), black carbon (44%), carbon monoxide (42%) and NMVOCs (33%)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7ef746c3-773a-4316-b187-e8bee4c9b1be": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The economic sectors responsible for emissions to air vary by pollutant. Variations between Member States also exist due to different economic structures. This section of the briefing displays a visual representation of air pollutant sources. It addresses a broader range of air pollutants than those covered by emission reduction commitments in the NEC Directive (Figure 4).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The economic sectors responsible for emissions to air vary by pollutant. Variations between Member States also exist due to different economic structures. This section of the briefing displays a visual representation of air pollutant sources. It addresses a broader range of air pollutants than those covered by emission reduction commitments in the NEC Directive (Figure 4)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "820e728b-88ac-45fe-be01-7ba17b2c72a2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Number of Member States that had met their national emission reduction commitments for the five main air pollutants for 2030 and beyond in 2022, and number of Member States that need to reduce emissions to meet their commitments", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Number of Member States that had met their national emission reduction commitments for the five main air pollutants for 2030 and beyond in 2022, and number of Member States that need to reduce emissions to meet their commitments" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "82e69bba-c4b4-4728-8e0a-f7bf4de75100": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Seven Member States had already met their 2030 emission reduction commitments for\u00a0PM 2.5 emissions by 2022. Effective emission reduction measures in the energy sector will be crucial for meeting the emission reduction commitments for PM 2.5 : burning solid biomass and fossil fuels for residential heating still contributes significantly to emissions in some Member States. Actions to reduce emissions include improving insulation and upgrading heating systems, installing low-emission boilers or switching fuel types. Significant emissions of particulate matter also result from the manufacturing and extractive industries and from road transport, including from internal combustion engines and from tyre and brake wear in vehicles.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Seven Member States had already met their 2030 emission reduction commitments for\u00a0PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions by 2022. Effective emission reduction measures in the energy sector will be crucial for meeting the emission reduction commitments for PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ": burning solid biomass and fossil fuels for residential heating still contributes significantly to emissions in some Member States. Actions to reduce emissions include improving insulation and upgrading heating systems, installing low-emission boilers or switching fuel types. Significant emissions of particulate matter also result from the manufacturing and extractive industries and from road transport, including from internal combustion engines and from tyre and brake wear in vehicles." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "83a07c03-f2b5-4d28-a9ff-b3de1cbc3d4a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Emissions showed a significant absolute decoupling from economic activity between 2005 and 2022. Absolute decoupling occurs when an environmental impact variable, such as air pollutant emissions, remains stable or decreases while GDP increases. This leads to lower emissions of main air pollutants for each unit of GDP produced annually. Figures 5 and 6 both show that air pollutant emissions across EU Member States declined between 2005 and 2022, even as GDP increased by 61%. The greatest decoupling is seen for SO 2 , followed by NO x , BC, CO and certain metals (Ni, As and Hg).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Emissions showed a significant absolute decoupling from economic activity between 2005 and 2022. Absolute decoupling occurs when an environmental impact variable, such as air pollutant emissions, remains stable or decreases while GDP increases. This leads to lower emissions of main air pollutants for each unit of GDP produced annually. Figures 5 and 6 both show that air pollutant emissions across EU Member States declined between 2005 and 2022, even as GDP increased by 61%. The greatest decoupling is seen for SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", followed by NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", BC, CO and certain metals (Ni, As and Hg)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "83bf4f2e-fefc-46d1-af0d-87e7455495c4": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Romania and Hungary need to reduce their\u00a0PM 2.5 emissions to meet their 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments. PM 2.5 drives the most significant health problems and contributes to premature mortality, so reducing its emissions is critical to achieving the target of reducing the number of premature deaths by 55% by 2030, as set out in the Zero Pollution Action Plan .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Romania and Hungary need to reduce their\u00a0PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions to meet their 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments. PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0drives the most significant health problems and contributes to premature mortality, so reducing its emissions is critical to achieving the target of reducing the number of premature deaths by 55% by 2030, as set out in the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Zero Pollution Action Plan" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/zero-pollution-action-plan_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "87bd8759-f814-4f48-a5b8-9b888d69f730": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "8844533e-81b5-4fcb-8705-7938db3a26f4": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "data": { "blocks": { "26928913-c2a8-4fa6-86ef-d307bad1ef57": { "dataprotection": {}, "@type": "embed_tableau_visualization", "tableau_vis_url": "http://www/en/analysis/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2024/figure-1-number-of-member-states-that-met-their-2020-2029-national-emissions-reduction-commitments-for-the-five-main-air-pollutants-in-2022-and-number-of-member-states-that-need-to-reduce-their-emission-levels-to-meet-their-commitments", "with_download": false, "with_more_info": false, "with_share": false } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "26928913-c2a8-4fa6-86ef-d307bad1ef57" ] } }, "styles": { "size": "container_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "8fc4c31c-45b9-481b-aa99-9aac8db49a88": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "91c53da8-e73e-4f5e-b902-3ee61b6d93ee": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Progress towards the emission reduction commitments", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Progress towards the emission reduction commitments" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "9578af08-5369-4f48-a4f8-86abb2ae03a5": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Table 2. Percentage emission reductions required by EU Member States to meet their emission reduction commitments for 2030 onwards", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Table 2. Percentage emission reductions required by EU Member States to meet their emission reduction commitments for 2030 onwards" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "9e1e56e6-e762-4e19-8712-5211a2a0f09d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Regarding NH 3 emissions, nine Member States had already met their 2030 emission reduction commitments in 2022. Challenges remain, however, as two-thirds of Member States still need to reduce NH 3 emissions to meet their 2030 targets. The European Commission\u2019s Third Clean Air Outlook report concluded that current measures \u2014 especially in the agriculture sector \u2014 are not enough to reduce NH 3 emissions to the necessary extent in order to meet emission reduction commitments. It recommended further measures be put in place in several Member States (EC, 2022b).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Regarding NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" }, { "children": [ { "text": "\u00a0" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "emissions, nine Member States had already met their 2030 emission reduction commitments in 2022. Challenges remain, however, as two-thirds of Member States still need to reduce NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions to meet their 2030 targets. The European Commission\u2019s\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Third Clean Air Outlook" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/publications/third-clean-air-outlook_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0report concluded that current measures \u2014 especially in the agriculture sector \u2014 are not enough to reduce NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions to the necessary extent in order to meet emission reduction commitments. It recommended further measures be put in place in several Member States (EC, 2022b)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "9f9ff8f2-62ba-42f3-b4a9-68e405040600": { "@type": "tabs_block", "data": { "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "548bcab0-c147-49ed-9f21-268d7c3ce4c0": { "@type": "tab", "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "83e0cbee-f573-465d-8c39-6c948a4b9779": { "@type": "slateFootnotes", "global": true } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "83e0cbee-f573-465d-8c39-6c948a4b9779" ] }, "iconSize": "small", "imageSize": "icon", "title": "Notes" }, "5b7fa8e2-cd41-4daf-8553-3ab8de6dd52f": { "@type": "tab", "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "029e4deb-3c3f-466d-9225-585105082f6f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EC, 2022a, \u2018Zero Pollution Action Plan\u2019, European Commission ( https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/zero-pollution-action-plan_en ) accessed on 20 April 2024.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EC, 2022a, \u2018Zero Pollution Action Plan\u2019, European Commission (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/zero-pollution-action-plan_en" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/zero-pollution-action-plan_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed on 20 April 2024." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "29032f57-b405-4065-82b3-eacec5b51ad7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2023, Europe\u2019s air quality status 2023, EEA Briefing no. 05/2023, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2023 ) accessed on 20 April 2024.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2023, Europe\u2019s air quality status 2023, EEA Briefing no. 05/2023, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2023" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2023" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed on 20 April 2024." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "3dd42e16-719d-448c-9e78-f633e0090b1f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EC, 2021, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic And Social Committee and the Committee Of The Regions Pathway to a Healthy Planet for All EU Action Plan: 'Towards Zero Pollution for Air, Water and Soil' (COM(2021) 400 final).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EC, 2021, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic And Social Committee and the Committee Of The Regions Pathway to a Healthy Planet for All EU Action Plan: 'Towards Zero Pollution for Air, Water and Soil' (COM(2021) 400 final)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "5f167dde-0873-45ae-93a9-d4efe7e24dd5": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU, 2016, Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (OJ L 344, 17.12.2016, pp. 1-31).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU, 2016, Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (OJ L 344, 17.12.2016, pp. 1-31)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "65b89448-089e-4de8-8c34-e6e367aa0cb8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU, 2021, Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (\u2018European Climate Law\u2019) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, pp. 1-17).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU, 2021, Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (\u2018European Climate Law\u2019) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, pp. 1-17)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "70a96318-2d67-4f62-87e3-22c793ba6958": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2022, Europe\u2019s air quality status 2022, EEA Briefing no. 11/2022, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2022 ) accessed on 20 April 2024.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2022, Europe\u2019s air quality status 2022, EEA Briefing no. 11/2022, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2022" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2022" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed on 20 April 2024. 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The directive targets 2020-2029, with more ambitious obligations from 2030 onwards.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "National Emission reduction Commitments Directive (NEC Directive)\u00a0" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2016.344.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2016:344:TOC" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0sets obligations to reduce national emissions of five air pollutants, namely fine particulate matter (PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "), nitrogen oxides (NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ") and sulphur dioxide (SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ") (EU, 2016). The directive targets 2020-2029, with more ambitious obligations from 2030 onwards." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ace22ffb-7f6f-4576-b079-b7f6b30bf514": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The most recent data (reported by Member States in 2022) indicate that 16 Member States met the emission reduction commitments set for 2020-2029 for all five main air pollutants. Reducing ammonia emissions continues to be the most significant challenge for a third of EU Member States.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The most recent data (reported by Member States in 2022) indicate that 16 Member States met the emission reduction commitments set for 2020-2029 for all five main air pollutants. Reducing ammonia emissions continues to be the most significant challenge for a third of EU Member States." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ad5a1b9e-a0e3-414e-b663-3ce473c04dac": { "@layout": "a03a7c4c-2df6-42f2-9837-1be2c45dad82", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "725294dc-0666-4627-a5cd-af8ac15e8627", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "aedbd1da-a783-40ee-b98f-57843b4ccd4c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Six Member States met their NO x emission reduction commitments for 2030 in 2022. However, 21 Member States will need to reduce NO x emissions further. Efforts to reduce NOx emissions should focus on the road transport sector. This is the main source of reported\u00a0NO x emissions, followed by the energy supply sector.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Six Member States met their NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emission reduction commitments for 2030 in 2022. However, 21 Member States will need to reduce NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions further. Efforts to reduce NOx emissions should focus on the road transport sector. This is the main source of reported\u00a0NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions, followed by the energy supply sector. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "afd21727-9da7-41cf-91a4-1c1efef6893f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "All Member States but one fulfilled their 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for\u00a0SO 2. Cyprus still needs to reduce its SO 2 emissions by a further 43% to meet its commitment. The principal emission sources for this pollutant in the country are energy supply and manufacturing.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "All Member States but one fulfilled their 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments for\u00a0SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2." } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0Cyprus still needs to reduce its SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions by a further 43% to meet its commitment. The principal emission sources for this pollutant in the country are energy supply and manufacturing." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b0099a87-1ebe-4846-81f9-4eed31938e4a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Europe\u2019s air quality status 2024 Europe\u2019s air quality status 2023 National Emission reduction Commitments Directive reporting status 2022 National Emission reduction Commitments Directive reporting status 2021 ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Europe\u2019s air quality status 2024" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2024" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Europe\u2019s air quality status 2023" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2023" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "National Emission reduction Commitments Directive reporting status 2022" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2022" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "National Emission reduction Commitments Directive reporting status 2021" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2021" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] }, "b15af87b-5596-487b-a71e-f66a0a605616": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Table 1. Percentage emission reductions required by EU Member States to meet their emission reduction commitments for 2020-2029", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Table 1. Percentage emission reductions required by EU Member States to meet their emission reduction commitments for 2020-2029" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "b29ecba0-7a1a-4f5d-9009-05971e8b31fa": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Since 2005, in many EU Member States, NH 3 emissions have decreased only slightly or in some cases increased. This highlights the need for more effective policies targeting the agriculture sector to apply well-established agricultural practices that bring down NH 3 emissions. This includes applying fertilisers and manure, and balancing feed for livestock.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Since 2005, in many EU Member States, NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions have decreased only slightly or in some cases increased. This highlights the need for more effective policies targeting the agriculture sector to apply well-established agricultural practices that bring down NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions. This includes applying fertilisers and manure, and balancing feed for livestock." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b59d43e8-112b-4fbf-a742-054504d7c20a": { "@type": "columnsBlock", "data": { "blocks": { "6df080d4-24ee-4254-bfe0-5f06327e13dc": { "blocks": { "0ac8d268-adea-4811-a4a8-59da99e02318": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " More information ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "More information" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "548bde3b-c819-4efb-8ddb-0f919acf96c8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Access the complete data sets reported by EU Member States in the EEA\u2019s online data viewer . Access data reported by EU Member States in the EEA Policies and Measures database . Access information about EU Member States air quality ( EEA Briefing ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Access the complete data sets reported by EU Member States in the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA\u2019s online data viewer" } ], "data": { "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/topics/in-depth/air-pollution/national-air-pollutant-emissions-data-viewer-2005-2022" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Access data reported by EU Member States in the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA Policies and Measures database" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/2f8a584f-3175-42e5-ae33-a08c5535c9ae" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Access information about EU Member States air quality (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EEA Briefing" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-air-quality-status-2024" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "0ac8d268-adea-4811-a4a8-59da99e02318", "548bde3b-c819-4efb-8ddb-0f919acf96c8" ] }, "settings": { "backgroundColor": "#f9f9f9", "padding": { "bottom": 20, "left": 20, "right": 20, "top": 20 } } } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "6df080d4-24ee-4254-bfe0-5f06327e13dc" ] } }, "gridCols": [ "full" ], "gridSize": 12, "styles": {} }, "b74d06d7-a4de-4912-a928-d32ce5f0e0fb": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 3. Contributory sectors and activities to the five regulated air pollutant emissions in EU Member States", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 3. Contributory sectors and activities to the five regulated air pollutant emissions in EU Member States" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "be90c757-cb7f-4025-b071-a816a2ff376c": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "ceee684a-120d-4990-9bae-2073b468e3fe": { "@layout": "1eef0642-1b1c-4045-acd5-351fb090932e", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "e103d4fc-1196-41c4-8287-5eb6c26cf4a6", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "cf886213-e320-4cbb-bbeb-1bb625470308": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "data": { "blocks": { "420658c2-5b75-4ec2-8d46-48be4c8d357f": { "@type": "embed_tableau_visualization", "dataprotection": {}, "tableau_vis_url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2024/figure-6-trends-in-eu-emissions-of-benzo-a-pyrene-cadmium-lead-mercury-arsenic-and-nickel-2005-2022", "with_download": false, "with_notes": false, "with_share": false }, "5d051012-d52a-4605-b7b3-ad89632b8cae": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "5d051012-d52a-4605-b7b3-ad89632b8cae", "420658c2-5b75-4ec2-8d46-48be4c8d357f" ] } }, "styles": { "size": "container_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "d0ae5a59-d7d1-4e32-aee7-f326acb60941": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "data": { "blocks": { "144f97cd-d82f-4c17-91aa-39dd624ee04c": { "@type": "embed_tableau_visualization", "dataprotection": {}, "tableau_vis_url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/publications/national-emission-reduction-commitments-directive-2024/figure-3-contributing-sectors-and-activities-to-the-five-regulated-air-pollutant-emissions-in-eu-member-states", "with_download": false, "with_more_info": false, "with_notes": false, "with_share": false }, "751aa4a0-de0c-4a57-86d8-86cb66a84ac9": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "751aa4a0-de0c-4a57-86d8-86cb66a84ac9", "144f97cd-d82f-4c17-91aa-39dd624ee04c" ] } }, "styles": { "size": "wide_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "d16c57db-5574-4b2a-9658-4e1451adc75f": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "d2898e76-8daf-4e67-ab8f-154c6fe596e6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Even if a given country already meets the 2030 target for specific pollutants, current emission levels and trends suggest further measures need to be in place to avoid increases that would jeopardise these achievements.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Even if a given country already meets the 2030 target for specific pollutants, current emission levels and trends suggest further measures need to be in place to avoid increases that would jeopardise these achievements." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d9e6a084-f225-4f58-9f9a-e9161ad09fd4": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "dec55d81-bc73-451c-947e-b50f8d3237b2": { "@layout": "607598fb-8980-4e0f-80a4-f044e4b6bc80", "@type": "columnsBlock", "block": "4ff1266a-a218-4876-a2aa-cf7cc1a28b30", "data": { "blocks": { "83f1d648-4a5b-483d-84a6-d8f0ab97a118": { "blocks": { "06b6853a-e793-49ca-8980-f869ede92c12": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " SENSITIVITY\u00a0ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTABLE DEATHS DUE TO AIR POLLUTION ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "SENSITIVITY\u00a0ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTABLE DEATHS DUE TO AIR POLLUTION" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "0b0ea695-bd96-4aed-82e4-17dbea0e7581": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Under the NEC Directive, Member States are obliged to draw up and implement National Air Pollution Control Programmes (NAPCPs), including measures to reduce emissions from relevant sectors to meet national emission reduction commitments and improve air quality. These Programmes should work in connection with other policies such as climate change mitigation. Ensuring consistency across policies strengthens the impact of public interventions; in other words, the implementation of policies and measures.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Under the NEC Directive, Member States are obliged to draw up and implement National Air Pollution Control Programmes (NAPCPs), including measures to reduce emissions from relevant sectors to meet national emission reduction commitments and improve air quality. These Programmes should work in connection with other policies such as climate change mitigation. Ensuring consistency across policies strengthens the impact of public interventions; in other words, the implementation of policies and measures." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "0eac3653-c13f-462f-9c8e-d57c680edfba": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The NEC directive is one of the legislative instruments within the framework of the European Green Deal supporting the zero pollution ambition to achieve a toxic-free environment. It is particularly critical to deliver on the 2030 targets related to air pollution under the Zero Pollution Action Plan (EC, 2022a). These are to reduce the number of premature deaths caused by air pollution by 55% and to reduce the area of EU ecosystems where air pollution threatens biodiversity by 25%, in both cases compared to 2005 levels. To achieve these targets, EU Member States must meet their respective emission reduction commitments set for 2020-2029 and for 2030 onwards under the NEC Directive.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The NEC directive is one of the legislative instruments within the framework of the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "European Green Deal" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0supporting the zero pollution ambition to achieve a toxic-free environment. It is particularly critical to deliver on the 2030 targets related to air pollution under the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Zero Pollution Action Plan" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021DC0400&qid=1623311742827" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(EC, 2022a). These are to reduce the number of premature deaths caused by air pollution by 55% and to reduce the area of EU ecosystems where air pollution threatens biodiversity by 25%, in both cases compared to 2005 levels. To achieve these targets, EU Member States must meet their respective emission reduction commitments set for 2020-2029 and for 2030 onwards under the NEC Directive." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "118604d0-c397-4515-9dcc-fc96ce4687a6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Table 1 presents the potential additional attributable deaths and potential total attributable deaths by pollutant for the EU-27 and for the larger number of European countries included in the assessment.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Table 1 presents the potential additional attributable deaths and potential total attributable deaths by pollutant for the EU-27 and for the larger number of European countries included in the assessment." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "394ebebc-2aa4-4823-b39b-f6c4b4b4fb19": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "However, there is no evidence of a threshold below which air pollution does not impact health. With this in mind, EEA has also performed a sensitivity analysis of attributable deaths for exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 at concentrations above 0 \u00b5g/m 3 . Deaths attributable to O 3 in the sensitivity analysis were calculated for exposure to concentrations above 20 \u00b5g/m 3 as previously recommended by the WHO. The level of uncertainty around these estimates is higher than for the estimates presented above.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "However, there is no evidence of a threshold below which air pollution does not impact health. With this in mind, EEA has also performed a sensitivity analysis of attributable deaths for exposure to PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0at concentrations above 0 \u00b5g/m" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sup" }, { "text": ". Deaths attributable to O" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3\u00a0" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "in the sensitivity analysis were calculated for exposure to concentrations above 20 \u00b5g/m" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sup" }, { "text": "\u00a0as previously recommended by the WHO. The level of uncertainty around these estimates is higher than for the estimates presented above." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "71d33fd1-a6e5-4a43-83f6-0008e5708156": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "It is important to note that the attributable deaths presented above do not capture possible additional deaths caused by exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations below the WHO\u2019s 2021 guideline levels. The scientific evidence is less certain for exposures below WHO\u2019s guideline levels than for health impacts above them.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "It is important to note that the attributable deaths presented above do not capture possible additional deaths caused by exposure to PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0concentrations below the WHO\u2019s 2021 guideline levels. The scientific evidence is less certain for exposures below WHO\u2019s guideline levels than for health impacts above them." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "81fedb74-98db-4eb2-9497-43ab93bcf191": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Box 1. Policy context ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Box 1. Policy context" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "c5500566-473b-40a1-ae11-bb85ba3819c2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EEA table Air Quality Health Risk Assessments presents estimates from 2005 to 2021 of the deaths attributable to exposure to PM 2.5 , NO 2 and O 3 for countries and the different groups of countries.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EEA table\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Air Quality Health Risk Assessments" } ], "data": { "url": "https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/App/AQViewer/index.html?fqn=Airquality_Dissem.hra.countries_sel" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0presents estimates from 2005 to 2021 of the deaths attributable to exposure to PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and O" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3\u00a0" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0for countries and the different groups of countries." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d0cfa9bb-550a-4640-a163-c3413862cf28": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The NEC Directive sets national commitments to reduce emissions of five air pollutants (NOx, NH 3 , SOx, NMVOC and PM 2.5 ) due to their significant negative impacts on human health and the environment. These national emissions reduction commitments were transposed from the Gothenburg Protocol of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (UNECE Air Convention ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "NEC Directive" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2016.344.01.0001.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2016:344:TOC" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0sets national commitments to reduce emissions of five air pollutants (NOx, NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", SOx, NMVOC and PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ") due to their significant negative impacts on human health and the environment. These national emissions reduction commitments were transposed from the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Gothenburg Protocol" } ], "data": { "url": "https://unece.org/environment-policy/air/protocol-abate-acidification-eutrophication-and-ground-level-ozone" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0of the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution" } ], "data": { "url": "https://unece.org/convention-and-its-achievements" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(UNECE\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Air Convention" } ], "data": { "url": "https://unece.org/convention-and-its-achievements" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "undefined": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "It is important to note that the attributable deaths presented above do not capture possible additional deaths caused by exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations below the WHO\u2019s 2021 guideline levels. 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Looking towards that milestone, all Member States except for Belgium and Finland need to reduce emissions for at least one pollutant to fulfil their 2030 commitments. The greatest challenge will be to reduce NH 3 , NO x and PM 2.5 emissions.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "New, stricter commitments will enter into force in 2030. Looking towards that milestone, all Member States except for Belgium and Finland need to reduce emissions for at least one pollutant to fulfil their 2030 commitments. The greatest challenge will be to reduce NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "eaad25cd-c71a-4217-94df-991ed4bb9cce": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "eb27c43a-c632-4d32-ad59-2854886820b8": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "ec847aa8-cf04-4440-bd1d-6dbf0fdd409e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Nine Member States will have to reduce\u00a0NH 3 emissions further to meet their 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments. NH 3 emissions impact biodiversity and contribute to forming secondary PM 2.5 , the main air pollutant driving premature death in EU Member States. Reducing NH 3 emissions is critical to achieving the Zero Pollution Action Plan target to reduce by 25% the number of ecosystems in the EU where air pollution threatens biodiversity.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Nine Member States will have to reduce\u00a0NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions further to meet their 2020-2029 national emission reduction commitments. NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions impact biodiversity and " }, { "children": [ { "text": "contribute to forming secondary" } ], "data": { "extra": [], "footnote": "Primary PM refers to solid or liquid particles directly emitted into the air.", "label": "Primary PM refers to solid or liquid particles directly emitted into the air.", "uid": "1b6vu", "value": "Primary PM refers to solid or liquid particles directly emitted into the air." }, "type": "footnote" }, { "text": "\u00a0PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", the main air pollutant driving premature death in EU Member States. Reducing NH" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0emissions is critical to achieving the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Zero Pollution Action Plan" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/zero-pollution-action-plan_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0target to reduce by 25% the number of ecosystems in the EU where air pollution threatens biodiversity." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "edca3657-2ac7-461a-a9a2-8ee81b0635fc": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The picture for\u00a0SO 2 emissions is more positive overall. Five Member States face a significant challenge to meet the emission reduction commitments in 2030. 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EEA core metadata
Topics Air pollution
Temporal coverage { "temporal": [ { "label": "2022", "value": "2022" } ] }
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" } ] }
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