Monitoring the circular economy using emerging data streams

Monitoring the circular economy using emerging data streams

The EU is tracking its transition to a more circular economy using a monitoring framework. This framework is based on existing data and covers only essential elements of the transition. This enabled the framework to be set up quickly and avoid unnecessary costs. To complement this overview, the EEA is exploring opportunities to collect and use data from new sources to better understand how the EU economy is changing. This briefing discusses four data sources used to develop new indicators for circular economy processes that are difficult to monitor with current data.

Title Monitoring the circular economy using emerging data streams
Description The EU is tracking its transition to a more circular economy using a monitoring framework. This framework is based on existing data and covers only essential elements of the transition. This enabled the framework to be set up quickly and avoid unnecessary costs. To complement this overview, the EEA is exploring opportunities to collect and use data from new sources to better understand how the EU economy is changing. This briefing discusses four data sources used to develop new indicators for circular economy processes that are difficult to monitor with current data.
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However, they can illustrate knowledge about and interest in the concept and, together with very limited market data, indicate the performance of the car sharing sector." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "129ec576-e8e6-42c7-b818-621d4b7f12ee": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Another repair data source is the alliance of \u2018repair cafes\u2019 where people meet and support each other in repairing different products. These alliances register the types of products repaired (but not whether it is successful), age of products, common failures, etc. They therefore form a rich database to inform the development of more product-specific legislation (access to spare parts, etc.). Although the data are available in a limited number of countries only, repair cafes still represent a good source of product-specific information (see Figure 6).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Another repair data source is the alliance of \u2018repair cafes\u2019 where people meet and support each other in repairing different products. These alliances register the types of products repaired (but not whether it is successful), age of products, common failures, etc. They therefore form a rich database to inform the development of more product-specific legislation (access to spare parts, etc.). 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However, as new phone models are frequently put on the market, it still allows a good approximation of the age distribution.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Different operating systems vary in how they implement the fingerprint. There is, for example, a big difference between the structure and content of the fingerprint left by an Android phone and an iOS (Apple) phone. This makes harvesting more complex." } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "In many cases it is difficult to determine a device\u2019s geographical location. Therefore, statistics derived from the analysis will tend to be global in nature rather than European or national. 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However, as new phone models are frequently put on the market, it still allows a good approximation of the age distribution." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ] }, "3eab99cc-f86c-45b9-9ece-ebf8bdf73c15": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "However, using such data may face a number of obstacles:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "However, using such data may face a number of obstacles:" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "448ddc2e-9fdf-48eb-b37e-03a96c69d146": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Potential innovative ways to measure circularity in Europe ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Potential innovative ways to measure circularity in Europe" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "4a244e7c-73b3-4b60-af8f-a37f6370943f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Car sharing system \u2014 a case study from Germany ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Car sharing system \u2014 a case study from Germany" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "5560fe1e-cebf-4f54-8f3d-e9e94d6ba987": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "It is possible to see how often people search online for terms related to car sharing using Google Trends (see Figure 3). It can also be assumed that people search for information, decide to become a user, and then have little or no need to search again.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "It is possible to see how often people search online for terms related to car sharing using Google Trends (see Figure 3). It can also be assumed that people search for information, decide to become a user, and then have little or no need to search again." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "57185811-9590-46ba-aa3c-53538dff0d1b": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "5d54cb01-1495-4075-a4b9-1ae14b28280e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Monitoring the circular economy ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Monitoring the circular economy" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "647a6843-b613-4371-a362-c592b50fe2ce": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Principle 4: Exploit a wide range of data and information sources. Data underpinning a framework for monitoring the circular economy transition may include:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Principle 4:\u00a0" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "Exploit a wide range of data and information sources. 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This information includes the type of device and software version. By harvesting this fingerprint, it is possible to determine the age distribution of devices in current use, and these data can be used to estimate the service life of devices.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "When these devices connect to websites, they leave a fingerprint with information that enables sites to tailor information to that particular device. This information includes the type of device and software version. By harvesting this fingerprint, it is possible to determine the age distribution of devices in current use, and these data can be used to estimate the service life of devices." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7257950f-66c6-4cec-bb43-2afb3bb21ee8": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "German car sharing clubs have centralised the collection of data on the use of shared vehicles. The EEA has assessed whether this data set could be used to develop estimates of car sharing in countries where no such data exist.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "German car sharing clubs have centralised the collection of data on the use of shared vehicles. The EEA has assessed whether this data set could be used to develop estimates of car sharing in countries where no such data exist." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "72812556-8e83-4458-b4ae-b7f25ffe4a8d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Many devices are connected to the internet to enable them to retrieve or share information and receive software updates. The most obvious examples are mobile phones, laptops and television sets, but cars and many home appliances are also gradually being connected as the software content of these devices increases and the \u2018internet of things\u2019 expands.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Many devices are connected to the internet to enable them to retrieve or share information and receive software updates. The most obvious examples are mobile phones, laptops and television sets, but cars and many home appliances are also gradually being connected as the software content of these devices increases and the \u2018internet of things\u2019 expands." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7491a657-4bc9-4032-b01e-67e419fe0810": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Against this backdrop the EEA has, with the support of the European Topic Centre for Waste and Materials in the Green Economy, identified examples of new sources of data that can be collected to provide useful estimates for monitoring important elements of the circular economy transition.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Against this backdrop the EEA has, with the support of the European Topic Centre for Waste and Materials in the Green Economy, identified examples of new sources of data that can be collected to provide useful estimates for monitoring important elements of the circular economy transition." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "78e444e5-c4bb-43a8-bae6-60e1c19c8ae2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In other cases, data are collected to support market or regulatory processes. The key challenge here is that the processes may not be uniform across the EU and thus data may be representative of only one or a few Member States. There are, however, increasing opportunities to use novel sources of data to contribute to better monitoring the EU\u2019s transition to a more circular economy.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In other cases, data are collected to support market or regulatory processes. The key challenge here is that the processes may not be uniform across the EU and thus data may be representative of only one or a few Member States. There are, however, increasing opportunities to use novel sources of data to contribute to better monitoring the EU\u2019s transition to a more circular economy." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "825058cb-c478-4fec-b093-8301ef47e440": { "@layout": "d685a3a5-2d78-4511-8f7f-df42554def54", "@type": "layoutSettings", "block": "4215f080-2927-4303-9d21-61b7bf5f430b", "layout_size": "narrow_view" }, "841e53f7-311f-47f2-9e56-c46459fb6e8d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "85a15dbf-09a5-4eb2-a636-5b0041bb089c": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "b65c7126-35b6-4580-ad46-5730f01438c9": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "b8de8b82-70d8-47ab-872c-b900c9b7de96": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Number of instances when a phone with an Android version with a given release date connected to the website used in a test run by the European Topic Centre on Waste and Materials in a Green Economy", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Number of instances when a phone with an Android version with a given release date connected to the website used in a test run by the European Topic Centre on Waste and Materials in a Green Economy" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "b8de8b82-70d8-47ab-872c-b900c9b7de96", "b65c7126-35b6-4580-ad46-5730f01438c9" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-c6f51cf3-8bf8-4eb8-9bfb-615ba56326ff", "styles": {} }, "8a7634cc-1caa-456f-badf-c2b0185c4313": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "93fa2666-8bec-462d-bd0b-77e924e85b8c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The circular economy is one where \u2018the value of products and materials is maintained for as long as possible, and waste and resource use are minimised\u2019, as set out in the European Commission\u2019s circular economy action plan .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The circular economy is one where \u2018the value of products and materials is maintained for as long as possible, and waste and resource use are minimised\u2019, as set out in the European Commission\u2019s\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "circular economy action plan" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/circular-economy-action-plan_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "9cf394d7-f8af-4d23-9201-539c9b1a337f": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "../../../../resolveuid/2051f94d642045aaac2e742f3bc3c3cb", "with_notes": false }, "a78184da-39fb-434b-80d5-ae2937bd3b7c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The European Commission and Eurostat have established a framework to monitor progress towards a circular economy using available statistical data. This framework focuses on aspects of the circular economy related to resource use and waste management. Aspects related to maintaining the value of products and materials for longer \u2014 such as design for circularity, repair, reuse and circular consumption \u2014 are not yet included. The circular economy action plan aims to improve the current monitoring system. All key aspects of the circular economy should be included in the monitoring system to fully capture progress and inform decision-makers.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The European Commission and Eurostat have established a framework to monitor progress towards a circular economy using available statistical data. This framework focuses on aspects of the circular economy related to resource use and waste management. Aspects related to maintaining the value of products and materials for longer \u2014 such as design for circularity, repair, reuse and circular consumption \u2014 are not yet included. 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All key aspects of the circular economy should be included in the monitoring system to fully capture progress and inform decision-makers." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a8f729b9-2caf-4693-a331-5c357e4f1eb7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Web scraping electronic and electrical appliances ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Web scraping electronic and electrical appliances" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "acad19bc-15e5-423b-b9c4-2cb1a19239f1": { "@layout": "17c98742-c02f-452a-95e6-e3a368d19d1c", "@type": "group", "as": "div", "block": "3f9c9e5f-01c9-49d4-927d-84551631b91a", "data": { "blocks": { "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "People\u2019s attitudes to adopting emerging business models or other societal innovations that increase circularity can often be better monitored using openly accessible digital data offered by popular search engines or social media platforms. Combining these data with information from other sources, such as market data, can enable policymakers to judge the potential for further circular economy initiatives and the need for policy action." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Establishing how long products are used for before they are replaced is complex. With more and more devices being connected to the internet, so-called digital fingerprints can potentially help to derive the lifespans of such products." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "97441611-c5a4-4109-bf13-7321a1683ae9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Key messages ", "styles": { "style_name": null }, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "style-primary": true, "style-secondary": true, "text": "Key messages" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "d2ebf857-154d-4252-b0be-e48e2eb2c40d": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The ongoing digitalisation of many processes can generate new data streams that enable monitoring of these processes, often at product level. There are clear and increasing opportunities to use such novel sources of data to better monitor the transition to a more circular economy." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "undefined": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Key messages ", "styles": { "style_name": null }, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "style-primary": true, "style-secondary": true, "text": "Key messages" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "97441611-c5a4-4109-bf13-7321a1683ae9", "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc", "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d", "d2ebf857-154d-4252-b0be-e48e2eb2c40d" ] } }, "styles": { "style_name": "content-box-gray" }, "title": "Key messages", "variation": "default" }, "acddda06-bfab-4efc-897c-90bb1332d7f9": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "d2f5860d-1e43-4d15-bd35-e0ae1723459d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 3. Google searches for car sharing related terms in Germany (top figure). Cumulated searches compared to membership of car sharing schemes (bottom figure)", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 3. Google searches for car sharing related terms in Germany (top figure). Cumulated searches compared to membership of car sharing schemes (bottom figure)" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "e1570ede-33d8-4164-ad03-3c5c503f378f": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "d2f5860d-1e43-4d15-bd35-e0ae1723459d", "e1570ede-33d8-4164-ad03-3c5c503f378f" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-8ac4a0cd-176d-42b9-a81c-1a4dec4328f1", "styles": {} }, "b18828f9-b69b-4082-a640-ec0a070eeb78": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Car sharing is seen as an environmentally friendly alternative to car ownership, as it generally involves the more efficient use of smaller cars than people would otherwise buy. As each shared car is used more often than an owned car it wears out faster, leading to a faster renewal of the car fleet, meaning that cleaner vehicles gain a larger market share faster. However, car sharing may be competing with public transport rather than replacing privately owned cars, and so the lifetime environmental credentials of car sharing are not always clear.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Car sharing is seen as an environmentally friendly alternative to car ownership, as it generally involves the more efficient use of smaller cars than people would otherwise buy. As each shared car is used more often than an owned car it wears out faster, leading to a faster renewal of the car fleet, meaning that cleaner vehicles gain a larger market share faster. However, car sharing may be competing with public transport rather than replacing privately owned cars, and so the lifetime environmental credentials of car sharing are not always clear." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b18fe095-06b4-4432-af15-82a357f83f5a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Thus, while principles 3 and 4 call for using strict criteria and statistics from mainly official sources, they also fully recognise the need for further development and experimentation as a tool to fill some of the gaps in the monitoring framework.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Thus, while principles 3 and 4 call for using strict criteria and statistics from mainly official sources, they also fully recognise the need for further development and experimentation as a tool to fill some of the gaps in the monitoring framework." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b1c831ec-d5fd-44cb-a89d-cfd5b325480d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": false, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "b3e66ff9-2f54-4f26-9a50-eddca72a829d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "c392573d-04ae-4e23-a435-bf8ad9918155": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "c667a5df-c919-4804-b767-7414b1abe880": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "2626c63f-1eb5-4f1b-9e6a-78dd12511d52": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 4. Number of new videos posted weekly on the video sharing service YouTube under \u2018phone repair\u2019, January 2019 to June 2021", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 4. Number of new videos posted weekly on the video sharing service YouTube under \u2018phone repair\u2019, January 2019 to June 2021" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "81a773a0-9f68-48e1-98f6-9dc509ec645d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "2626c63f-1eb5-4f1b-9e6a-78dd12511d52", "81a773a0-9f68-48e1-98f6-9dc509ec645d" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-b97ec2a6-41c5-427a-9ae6-9b4cccacaa68", "styles": {} }, "c6f51cf3-8bf8-4eb8-9bfb-615ba56326ff": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "../../../../resolveuid/1f3b91bbc82b4d4e837f41ae9949db4f" }, "c856de9f-2bcc-44ab-8d45-021cb6c330df": { "@layout": "4e29c2d6-cc35-4de2-8a47-e894226b9dd0", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "2f14bb23-6537-4705-b57a-1ba5381d2cc4", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "c9ee64ca-fc3d-41ae-9806-38aec3f17f5b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Many people share videos online showing how to repair specific products, ranging from general videos on, for example, changing a mobile phone screen, to very detailed ones relating to a specific manufacturer\u2019s product. Online video sharing services capture the number of views of individual videos, making it possible to assess interest in particular topics, although it is not known if this translates to actual repairs (see Figure 4).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Many people share videos online showing how to repair specific products, ranging from general videos on, for example, changing a mobile phone screen, to very detailed ones relating to a specific manufacturer\u2019s product. Online video sharing services capture the number of views of individual videos, making it possible to assess interest in particular topics, although it is not known if this translates to actual repairs (see Figure 4)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "cfbc3fb3-fa62-470c-b362-801ccfdf6624": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Web scraping could be used for a range of other topics, such as green claims posted by companies online (e.g. are companies making reference to refurbished elements and repairability?). This may enable the development of a range of indicators that have not yet been tested.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Web scraping could be used for a range of other topics, such as green claims posted by companies online (e.g. are companies making reference to refurbished elements and repairability?). This may enable the development of a range of indicators that have not yet been tested." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d2575318-5a21-4124-a530-9623b1617e86": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The Bellagio principles on monitoring the circular economy were developed under the auspices of the Network of the Heads of Environmental Protection Agencies in Europe and were referenced by the EU Council in December 2020. The principles support the establishment of a comprehensive monitoring framework capturing all relevant elements of the circular economy. They include the following key points (see Figure 1):", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Bellagio principles" } ], "data": { "url": "https://epanet.eea.europa.eu/reports-letters/monitoring-progress-in-europes-circular-economy" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0on monitoring the circular economy were developed under the auspices of the Network of the Heads of Environmental Protection Agencies in Europe and were referenced by the EU Council in December 2020. The principles support the establishment of a comprehensive monitoring framework capturing all relevant elements of the circular economy. They include the following key points (see Figure 1):" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d3240b55-b4d0-49fa-9419-192ee1c38e5b": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "d3574c50-f09b-4ce9-af87-1fbff1a60276": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Principle 3: Follow indicator selection criteria. Indicators included in a transparent monitoring framework for the circular economy transition should follow the RACER criteria: relevant, accepted, credible, easy to monitor and robust. However, development of innovative, experimental indicators should also be encouraged, even if not all RACER criteria are fulfilled at first.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Principle 3:" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "\u00a0Follow indicator selection criteria. Indicators included in a transparent monitoring framework for the circular economy transition should follow the RACER criteria: relevant, accepted, credible, easy to monitor and robust. However, development of" }, { "children": [ { "text": "\u00a0innovative, experimental indicators\u00a0" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "should also be encouraged, even if not all RACER criteria are fulfilled at first." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d404c458-b494-43d6-ae64-b87a794f51bc": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "4f61135c-7605-4076-ab81-b31a0d480946": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "a2648a61-34a7-4be9-9ea7-e9cda89d4caf": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 6. Success of repair activities in repair cafes", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 6. Success of repair activities in repair cafes" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "a2648a61-34a7-4be9-9ea7-e9cda89d4caf", "4f61135c-7605-4076-ab81-b31a0d480946" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-117e06a1-fbbc-43b5-8a0f-0814a7ae9f4c", "styles": {} }, "d55b3800-df6c-4b49-903a-214701167158": { "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "styles": {}, "variation": "default", "@layout": "5709b526-0d26-4879-b42c-937d5837964d", "@type": "title", "block": "d55b3800-df6c-4b49-903a-214701167158", "copyright": "freestocks.org on Unsplash", "hideCreationDate": true, "hideDownloadButton": true, "hideModificationDate": true, "placeholder": "Add briefing title" }, "d73fe92b-6048-4502-99e4-a8a03af698c9": { "@type": "tabs_block", "data": { "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "42905074-9ffa-42e9-b06d-efa71701d9c9": { "@type": "tab", "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "9a88d889-309d-4c9d-8db1-6eba8081b962": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Briefing no. 23/2021\nTitle: Monitoring the circular economy using emerging data streams EN HTML: TH-AM-21-023-EN-Q\u00a0- ISBN:\u00a0978-92-9480-426-6 - ISSN:\u00a02467-3196 - doi:\u00a010.2800/714610\nEN PDF: TH-AM-21-023-EN-N\u00a0- ISBN:\u00a0978-92-9480-427-3 - ISSN:\u00a02467-3196 - doi:\u00a010.2800/457940", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Briefing no. 23/2021\nTitle:" }, { "children": [ { "text": "\u00a0Monitoring the circular economy using emerging data streams" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "\nEN HTML: TH-AM-21-023-EN-Q\u00a0- ISBN:\u00a0978-92-9480-426-6 - ISSN:\u00a02467-3196 - doi:\u00a010.2800/714610\nEN PDF: TH-AM-21-023-EN-N\u00a0- ISBN:\u00a0978-92-9480-427-3 - ISSN:\u00a02467-3196 - doi:\u00a010.2800/457940" } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "9a88d889-309d-4c9d-8db1-6eba8081b962" ] }, "iconSize": "small", "imageSize": "icon", "title": "Identifiers" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "42905074-9ffa-42e9-b06d-efa71701d9c9" ] }, "iconSize": "small", "imageSize": "icon" }, "menuFluid": true, "menuPointing": true, "menuSecondary": true, "variation": "default", "verticalAlign": "flex-start" }, "d8792315-ed7c-417c-a61d-2aab1d290c95": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The real challenge for indicator development lies in establishing a list of relevant search terms so that a measure captures a relevant set of videos. Therefore, an index based on the number of videos and number of views may indicate interest in attempting a repair.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The real challenge for indicator development lies in establishing a list of relevant search terms so that a measure captures a relevant set of videos. Therefore, an index based on the number of videos and number of views may indicate interest in attempting a repair." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "dae07624-f868-4ae4-86d9-82bec79566f3": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Sweden is an example of a Member State that offers a tax break for professional repair activities. Taxpayers are required to report repairs to obtain the tax deduction, and the data are collected by the tax authority and made publicly available. This is an easy-to-use data source, but one that is not widely available across EU Member States. Judging by the data from Sweden, it is likely that the rules changed in 2016, as it is otherwise difficult to explain the significant change in trend in that year (see Figure 5).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Sweden is an example of a Member State that offers a tax break for professional repair activities. Taxpayers are required to report repairs to obtain the tax deduction, and the data are collected by the tax authority and made publicly available. This is an easy-to-use data source, but one that is not widely available across EU Member States. Judging by the data from Sweden, it is likely that the rules changed in 2016, as it is otherwise difficult to explain the significant change in trend in that year (see Figure 5)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "df65055d-2b65-4de4-9500-9ec186e6aae8": { "@layout": "a03a7c4c-2df6-42f2-9837-1be2c45dad82", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "1a91a7ca-effc-4334-a8b0-73826b314359", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "e46a35e4-a38c-478b-bf29-d68bfc80448b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Conclusion ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Conclusion" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "e63310c7-bae8-4757-9b35-cd8111bf8285": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "7871a18e-df4c-46a0-a273-f99034da6657": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "f5cd0200-696d-497f-aabe-f7e8cc96ea03": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. Bellagio principles", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Bellagio principles" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "f5cd0200-696d-497f-aabe-f7e8cc96ea03", "7871a18e-df4c-46a0-a273-f99034da6657" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-9cf394d7-f8af-4d23-9201-539c9b1a337f", "styles": {} }, "eb66fefd-0d41-4817-bca1-892e4f552b0e": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "483c7cdd-6c59-4fd0-b3b5-fb0d14912a57": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "c310978d-8010-400c-a74d-ab617b1517dc": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 5. Total tax deductions (SEK) for repair in Sweden since their introduction in 2009", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 5. Total tax deductions (SEK) for repair in Sweden since their introduction in 2009" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "c310978d-8010-400c-a74d-ab617b1517dc", "483c7cdd-6c59-4fd0-b3b5-fb0d14912a57" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-29ed02d5-9f17-4852-aaf6-201987a12387", "styles": {} }, "edea7b03-0d97-43c8-a087-9614f55ca6fa": { "@layout": "1eef0642-1b1c-4045-acd5-351fb090932e", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "30fea696-abaa-46cc-89cf-0d0fba00aa6a", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "f377504b-af44-4bb7-8f9b-99014c79e003": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The ongoing digitalisation of many processes in our society has generated new data streams that facilitate monitoring of these processes, often at product level. While this can be an attractive alternative to more traditional (and often expensive) data collection, none of the case studies presented here is perfect. But they do represent examples of relevant sources of complementary data that can, in many cases, be used to develop novel proxy indicators to increase the granularity of monitoring.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The ongoing digitalisation of many processes in our society has generated new data streams that facilitate monitoring of these processes, often at product level. While this can be an attractive alternative to more traditional (and often expensive) data collection, none of the case studies presented here is perfect. 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Temporal coverage {}
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" } ] }
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Short name monitoring-the-circular-economy-using-emerging-data-streams
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