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"plaintext": "Doubling the CMUR (from 11.7% in 2020 to 23.4% in 2030) will require an increase of 1.3 percentage points each year on average. However, the CMUR increased by only 0.4 percentage points annually in the period 2004-2010 and even less \u2014 by 0.1 percentage points annually \u2014 over the past decade. Thus, to reach the target, the pace of change will need to increase dramatically, which will be very challenging.",
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"text": "Doubling the CMUR (from 11.7% in 2020 to 23.4% in 2030) will require an increase of 1.3 percentage points each year on average. However, the CMUR increased by only 0.4 percentage points annually in the period 2004-2010 and even less \u2014 by 0.1 percentage points annually \u2014 over the past decade. Thus, to reach the target, the pace of change will need to increase dramatically, which will be very challenging."
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"plaintext": "Fossil fuels and biomass are largely converted into emissions, as most of these materials are used for energy generation or as food, and therefore recycling options are limited. This means that increasing the CMUR of these materials can be achieved by reducing the use of fossil fuels use for energy purposes and replacing them with renewable energy technologies, and by reducing food waste.",
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"text": "Fossil fuels and biomass are largely converted into emissions, as most of these materials are used for energy generation or as food, and therefore recycling options are limited. This means that increasing the CMUR of these materials can be achieved by reducing the use of fossil fuels use for energy purposes and replacing them with renewable energy technologies, and by reducing food waste."
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"plaintext": "The amount of new materials used in the economy (measured as domestic material consumption) is about eight times higher than the amount of recycled materials used; therefore, the CMUR is influenced more by trends in material consumption than by trends in recycling. In fact, the CMUR trend is, to a large extent, inversely proportional to trends in material use (Figure 2).",
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"text": "The amount of new materials used in the economy (measured as domestic material consumption) is about eight times higher than the amount of recycled materials used; therefore, the CMUR is influenced more by trends in material consumption than by trends in recycling. In fact, the CMUR trend is, to a large extent, inversely proportional to trends in material use (Figure 2)."
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"plaintext": "By 2030, the CMUR could increase to 22% \u2014 very close to the 2030 target \u2014 if different strategies are combined (e.g. increasing the recycling of all treated waste to 70%, decreasing material inputs into the economy by 15% and reducing the amount of fossil fuels used by 34%). Achieving the ambition of doubling the CMUR by 2030 would thus require the implementation of a combination of the above changes within a short time period. This would require coordinated efforts in different policy areas, including in the circular economy and climate policy areas. Enhancing waste recycling alone will not be sufficient for the EU to double its CMUR by 2030.",
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"plaintext": " Scenario 1: enhancing recycling\u2014 the share of waste that is recycled increases from 40% in 2020 to 70% in 2030 and 90% in 2050. Scenario 2: improving material efficiency and reducing material consumption \u2014 domestic material consumption decreases by 15% by 2030 and 45% by 2050, compared with the 2020 level. Scenario 3: reducing the use of fossil fuels (climate change mitigation) \u2014 the use of fossil fuels decreases by 34% by 2030 and 83% by 2050, compared with the 2020 level , following the assumptions in the impact assessment accompanying the \u2018Fit for 55\u2019 policy package (EC, 2020c). A combination of scenarios 1, 2 and 3.",
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"footnote": "The European Commission published several \u2018Fit for 55\u2019 scenarios highlighting final energy demand by fuel type in 2030 (EC, 2021). These scenarios assume a reduction in fossil fuel use by 36-39% by 2030 and 84-85% by 2050 from a 2015 baseline. While these figures cannot directly be translated into the categories for fossil fuels in the material flow accounts, it was decided to approximate the reduction in the use of fossil fuels in the scenario analysis for this briefing by re-calculating the reductions from a 2020 baseline and using the assumed reductions in fossil fuel use for the \u2018ALLBNK\u2019 scenario (the most ambitious one of the scenarios). The increased demand for biomass and materials for building up renewable energy technology/infrastructure is not taken into account, as this would require more detailed scenario building.",
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"plaintext": "EC, 2020a, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions \u2018A new circular economy action plan for a cleaner and more competitive Europe\u2019 (COM(2020) 98 final of 11 March 2020).",
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"plaintext": "The CMUR is a macro-level, mass-flow indicator that is very useful for understanding the circularity of the EU\u2019s economy. However, it is based on all materials and does not reflect the fact that different types of materials have different environmental impacts. Combining knowledge about the circularity and the environmental impacts of different materials can therefore support policymaking that enables the more sustainable use of materials and achieves a net reduction in impacts.",
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