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"plaintext": "The participatory work supporting this briefing took place during some of the strictest lockdown periods in 2020 and 2021. Since then, Europe has been hit by an energy crisis, forcing many European residents to limit their energy use, or even relocate, for fear of not being able to pay their bills. This means that some people might not be quite as keen to work from home as before, as doing so would increase energy consumption in their own homes; instead, they may prefer to commute to work, where bills are covered by their employers.",
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"text": "The participatory work supporting this briefing took place during some of the strictest lockdown periods in 2020 and 2021. Since then, Europe has been hit by an energy crisis, forcing many European residents to limit their energy use, or even relocate, for fear of not being able to pay their bills. This means that some people might not be quite as keen to work from home as before, as doing so would increase energy consumption in their own homes; instead, they may prefer to commute to work, where bills are covered by their employers."
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"plaintext": "This briefing explores teleworking post-COVID, in a future where lockdown periods are mostly a thing of the past. However, pandemics remain a major threat and should be considered as such when reflecting on potential futures. During the strictest COVID-19 lockdowns, we observed behavioural changes resulting from the need to distance from one another and limit potential contagion risks. Many people preferred, and some still do, to avoid public transport, car sharing and even cycling in busy areas at times of high contagion rates (McKinsey, 2020). For many, especially the most physically vulnerable, online shopping became a much-needed alternative to traditional shopping.",
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"text": "This briefing explores teleworking post-COVID, in a future where lockdown periods are mostly a thing of the past. However, pandemics remain a major threat and should be considered as such when reflecting on potential futures. During the strictest COVID-19 lockdowns, we observed behavioural changes resulting from the need to distance from one another and limit potential contagion risks. Many people preferred, and some still do, to avoid public transport, car sharing and even cycling in busy areas at times of high contagion rates (McKinsey, 2020). For many, especially the most physically vulnerable, online shopping became a much-needed alternative to traditional shopping."
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"plaintext": "Recent transport studies estimate that hybrid working is likely to have only limited positive effects on environmental costs and pollution. However, the participants in this foresight process also pointed towards a possible deeper level of behavioural or indirect change \u2014 for example, downsizing office spaces or suburbanisation \u2014 that could result from broadly adopting hybrid working and teleworking (EEA, 2022a).",
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"text": "Recent transport studies estimate that hybrid working is likely to have only limited positive effects on environmental costs and pollution. However, the participants in this foresight process also pointed towards a possible deeper level of behavioural or indirect change \u2014 for example, downsizing office spaces or suburbanisation \u2014 that could result from broadly adopting hybrid working and teleworking (EEA, 2022a)."
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"plaintext": "Zhong, H., et al., 2020, \u2018Will autonomous vehicles change auto commuters\u2019 value of travel time?\u2019, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 83, 102303 (DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102303).",
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"text": "Zhong, H., et al., 2020, \u2018Will autonomous vehicles change auto commuters\u2019 value of travel time?\u2019, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 83, 102303 (DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102303)."
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"plaintext": "Marcus, J. S., et al., 2022, COVID-19 and the accelerated shift to technology-enabled work from home (WFH), Bruegel AISBL and The German Marshall Fund of the United States ( https://www.bruegel.org/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/COVID-19-technology-and-WFH.pdf ) accessed 31 March 2023.",
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"plaintext": "Statista, 2021, \u2018Flexible office space Europe and the UK \u2014 statistics & facts\u2019, Statista ( https://www.statista.com/topics/5912/flex-workspaces-in-europe-and-the-uk/ ) accessed 12 December 2022.",
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"plaintext": "EEA, 2020, Environmental noise in Europe \u2014 2020, EEA Report No 22/2019 ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-noise-in-europe ) accessed 5 August 2020.",
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"text": "EEA, 2020, Environmental noise in Europe \u2014 2020, EEA Report No 22/2019 ("
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"text": "Mancini, L., et al., 2020, Responsible and sustainable sourcing of battery raw materials, Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg ("
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"text": "https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC120422"
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"plaintext": "EEA, 2022a, \u2018COVID-19: lessons for sustainability?\u2019 ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/covid-19-lessons-for-sustainability ) accessed 1 December 2022.",
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"plaintext": "KPMG, 2021, KPMG 2021 CEO outlook, KPMG International ( https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2021/09/kpmg-2021-ceo-outlook.pdf ) accessed 5 July 2022.",
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"plaintext": "Ahrend, R., et al., 2022, Changes in the geography housing demand after the onset of COVID-19: first results from large metropolitan areas in 13 OECD countries, OECD Economics Department Working Papers No 1713, OECD, Paris ( https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/changes-in-the-geography-housing-demand-after-the-onset-of-covid-19-first-results-from-large-metropolitan-areas-in-13-oecd-countries_9a99131f-en ) accessed 7 July 2022.",
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"text": "Ahrend, R., et al., 2022, Changes in the geography housing demand after the onset of COVID-19: first results from large metropolitan areas in 13 OECD countries, OECD Economics Department Working Papers No 1713, OECD, Paris ("
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"text": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/changes-in-the-geography-housing-demand-after-the-onset-of-covid-19-first-results-from-large-metropolitan-areas-in-13-oecd-countries_9a99131f-en"
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"plaintext": "EEA, 2021b, Urban sustainability in Europe \u2014 what is driving cities\u2019 environmental change?, EEA Report No 16/2020, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/urban-sustainability-in-europe-what ) accessed 10 April 2022.",
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"text": "Engelen, L., et al., 2019, \u2018Is activity-based working impacting health, work performance and perceptions? A systematic review\u2019, Building Research & Information 47(4), pp. 468-479 (DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2018.1440958)."
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