Environment and climate pressures from household consumption in Europe

Environment and climate pressures from household consumption in Europe

Europe and the world face unprecedented sustainability challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion and pollution. These challenges are largely caused by unsustainable consumption as countries strive for economic growth and people pursue well-being. Household consumption pressures and impacts the environment and drive climate change.

Title Environment and climate pressures from household consumption in Europe
Description Europe and the world face unprecedented sustainability challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, resource depletion and pollution. These challenges are largely caused by unsustainable consumption as countries strive for economic growth and people pursue well-being. Household consumption pressures and impacts the environment and drive climate change.
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Blocks { "0226793f-fc4b-49ed-aaee-b50b3e868f6b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The observed increases in EU household consumption expenditure from 2000 to 2019, in current prices, can be explained by an increase in consumption volumes of 26%, prices/inflation of 34% and population growth of 4%. The consumption volumes are most relevant for analysing environmental and climate pressures from household consumption, as they are the root cause behind them.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The observed increases in EU household consumption expenditure from 2000 to 2019, in current prices, can be explained by an increase in consumption volumes of 26%, prices/inflation of 34% and population growth of 4%. The consumption volumes are most relevant for analysing environmental and climate pressures from household consumption, as they are the root cause behind them." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "0556eea7-e0c8-4e4d-aa8d-39b099b0b0ca": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "075ea13d-742f-4eea-bce0-21e73592e17c": { "@layout": "d685a3a5-2d78-4511-8f7f-df42554def54", "@type": "layoutSettings", "block": "eefd29b5-1c06-4c83-9fcd-8bccd4c38442", "layout_size": "narrow_view" }, "0c4cda87-607b-4708-a1b1-87cb039c0459": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "As household consumption levels in Europe continue to rise, it is questionable how long increases in efficiency can compensate for growth in consumption. It seems unlikely that absolute decoupling of economic growth from resource use and environmental pressures can be achieved in the long run (EEA, 2021). The scale and rate of decoupling pressures from economic growth is currently too small to reach the level where we consume within the limits of our planet. Environmental and climate pressures and impacts from consumption accumulate over the years, and many ecosystems\u2019 \u00a0are under pressure beyond their regeneration capacity (EEA, 2020b). Scientific evidence suggests that the levels of pressures associated with Europe\u2019s consumption are so high that the planet\u2019s ability to recover from them is seriously compromised.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "As household consumption levels in Europe continue to rise, it is questionable how long increases in efficiency can compensate for growth in consumption. It seems unlikely that absolute decoupling of economic growth from resource use and environmental pressures can be achieved in the long run (EEA, 2021). The scale and rate of decoupling pressures from economic growth is currently too small to reach the level where we consume within the limits of our planet. Environmental and climate pressures and impacts from consumption accumulate over the years, and many ecosystems\u2019 \u00a0are under pressure beyond their regeneration capacity (EEA, 2020b). 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For land use, greenhouse gas emissions and particulate matter, pressures decreased slightly by 8% for land use, 9% for greenhouse gas emissions and 4% for particulate matter in the period. For the air emissions of NO x and SO x , pressures decreased more significantly (19% and 41%, respectively) in the period. Other pressures \u2014 toxicity, water pollution, etc. \u2014 are not covered by the accounting method used here and are therefore not discussed further.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "For water use and material use, pressures from household consumption in 2019 were higher than in 2000, showing an increase of 4% for material use and 6% for water use. For land use, greenhouse gas emissions and particulate matter, pressures decreased slightly by 8% for land use, 9% for greenhouse gas emissions and 4% for particulate matter in the period. For the air emissions of NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", pressures decreased more significantly (19% and 41%, respectively) in the period. Other pressures \u2014 toxicity, water pollution, etc. \u2014 are not covered by the accounting method used here and are therefore not discussed further." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "13526109-2b62-493b-a78d-5e007651e869": { "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "styles": {}, "variation": "default", "@layout": "5709b526-0d26-4879-b42c-937d5837964d", "@type": "title", "block": "13526109-2b62-493b-a78d-5e007651e869", "copyright": "Titiwoot Weerawong on Vecteezy", "hideCreationDate": true, "hideDownloadButton": true, "placeholder": "Add briefing title" }, "145b00b7-46d9-480f-a097-3c2dea96b65f": { "@type": "columnsBlock", "data": { "blocks": { "31cf72ff-9ac9-4ada-aa94-aada989c2015": { "blocks": { "100cd2a3-80b2-439b-8684-1be40bcca07d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "These consumption domains are aggregated from the 12 domains in the Eurostat COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose) system to enable comparison between a limited number of large consumption areas. More details on the scope and the aggregated consumption domains can be found in the underpinning report.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "These consumption domains are aggregated from the 12 domains in the Eurostat COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose) system to enable comparison between a limited number of large consumption areas. More details on the scope and the aggregated consumption domains can be found in the underpinning report." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "1c0b1df3-6076-4833-803d-0f20f632e717": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "We distinguish between six consumption domains (areas of consumption) when we analyse trends in and pressures from EU household consumption:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "We distinguish between six consumption domains (areas of consumption) when we analyse trends in and pressures from EU household consumption:" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "24e4d7af-7e20-4941-b88b-355209f2a14a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Box 1. Distinguishing six household consumption domains ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Box 1. Distinguishing six household consumption domains" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "30cc48e0-649b-4635-a832-1971294e56ce": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "food (including food, drinks, and hotels and restaurants); clothing and footwear; housing (dwellings, heating, sanitary hot water and electricity, including households\u2019 investments in dwellings); mobility; household goods and services (household equipment, appliances, and information and communications technology); and services (health, education, finance, recreation and other).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "food (including food, drinks, and hotels and restaurants);" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "clothing and footwear;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "housing (dwellings, heating, sanitary hot water and electricity, including households\u2019 investments in dwellings);" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "mobility;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "household goods and services (household equipment, appliances, and information and communications technology); and" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "services (health, education, finance, recreation and other)." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ol" } ] }, "9715cf2c-284b-457b-92b5-e49170b8072d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Using EU statistics, this briefing interprets household consumption in Europe more broadly than just looking at consumption expenditure carried out by households. It also includes consumption expenditure by non-profit institutions serving households and governments (e.g. sports clubs or churches) \u2014 to the extent that this is linked to consumption by households \u2014 as well as households\u2019 investments in dwellings.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Using EU statistics, this briefing interprets household consumption in Europe more broadly than just looking at consumption expenditure carried out by households. It also includes consumption expenditure by non-profit institutions serving households and governments (e.g. sports clubs or churches) \u2014 to the extent that this is linked to consumption by households \u2014 as well as households\u2019 investments in dwellings." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "24e4d7af-7e20-4941-b88b-355209f2a14a", "9715cf2c-284b-457b-92b5-e49170b8072d", "1c0b1df3-6076-4833-803d-0f20f632e717", "30cc48e0-649b-4635-a832-1971294e56ce", "100cd2a3-80b2-439b-8684-1be40bcca07d" ] }, "settings": { "backgroundColor": "#f9f9f9", "padding": { "bottom": 20, "left": 20, "right": 20, "top": 20 } } } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "31cf72ff-9ac9-4ada-aa94-aada989c2015" ] } }, "gridCols": [ "full" ], "gridSize": 12, "styles": {} }, "15c7f44d-474e-4a5a-b57d-c2e8152afaf4": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "20bd6855-3aaf-4f9f-88a2-9b42da300f51": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Environmental and climate pressures from household consumption in Europe", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Environmental and climate pressures from household consumption in Europe\u00a0" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "28814d9b-47ab-4ab7-91b7-acbd7621b6b0": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EU policy objective around consumption, as expressed in the Eighth Environmental Action Programme, calls for a significant reduction in the EU\u2019s consumption footprint to bring European consumption-related impacts within planetary boundaries (EU, 2022). To achieve more household sustainable consumption, the increase in some of the consumption-related pressures and impacts should be prevented and impacts be significantly reduced to a level that is sustainable in the long run. This will require substantially transforming consumption and production systems.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU policy objective around consumption, as expressed in the Eighth Environmental Action Programme, calls for a significant reduction in the EU\u2019s consumption footprint to bring European consumption-related impacts within planetary boundaries (EU, 2022). To achieve more household sustainable consumption, the increase in some of the consumption-related pressures and impacts should be prevented and impacts be significantly reduced to a level that is sustainable in the long run. This will require substantially transforming consumption and production systems." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "28e9c0a9-e8ea-47f9-9f20-3915c6443b36": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "3be7830d-aabb-4afd-88b4-a57adc01d3b4": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU household consumption pressures the environment and climate through its value chain, both in the EU and in other regions of the world. These pressures, for which there are available data and for which the selected accounting method can be applied, are analysed and discussed in the next section.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU household consumption pressures the environment and climate through its value chain, both in the EU and in other regions of the world. These pressures, for which there are available data and for which the selected accounting method can be applied, are analysed and discussed in the next section." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "46b31809-c717-47fb-8912-e2c440f3aba5": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "../../../../resolveuid/787b44ae285147679f26299dd7320879" }, "52c85c1b-27f4-451d-8a01-d6adbd39fa1c": { "@layout": "17c98742-c02f-452a-95e6-e3a368d19d1c", "@type": "group", "as": "div", "block": "44088e38-1b9e-4363-9992-a2c9e44f53ff", "data": { "blocks": { "09b2b52c-daf2-4e99-8eae-d787da8540cc": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Pressures from EU household consumption on the use of water, land and materials increased or remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2019. Pressures on greenhouse gas and other air emissions have decreased to a varying extent. As consumption levels continue to rise, it is questionable how long efficiency increases will be successful in compensating for consumption growth." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Three broad areas of consumption are responsible for about three-quarters of EU household consumption: food, housing and services. The remaining areas of consumption are clothing and footwear, mobility, and household goods and services." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Household consumption volumes in the EU increased by over one quarter (26%) between 2000 and 2019. Volumes grew by as much as 47% for the consumption area of household goods and services (household equipment, appliances, and information and communications technology (ICT)) and 43% for consumption of services (health, education, finance, recreation and other)." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "83ef2360-304f-4038-a61b-9ec452d1e8c8": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Environmental and climate pressures and impacts from consumption accumulate over the years, and many ecosystems are now under pressure beyond their regeneration capacity. Scientific evidence suggests that the pressures associated with Europe\u2019s consumption are so high that the planet\u2019s ability to recover from them is seriously compromised." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "97441611-c5a4-4109-bf13-7321a1683ae9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Key messages ", "styles": { "style_name": null }, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "style-primary": true, "style-secondary": true, "text": "Key messages" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "undefined": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Key messages ", "styles": { "style_name": null }, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "style-primary": true, "style-secondary": true, "text": "Key messages" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "97441611-c5a4-4109-bf13-7321a1683ae9", "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc", "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d", "09b2b52c-daf2-4e99-8eae-d787da8540cc", "83ef2360-304f-4038-a61b-9ec452d1e8c8" ] } }, "styles": { "style_name": "content-box-gray" }, "title": "Key messages", "variation": "default" }, "5f204a52-9f64-4936-bc72-3c220219ed62": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In this briefing, we show trends in household consumption in Europe from 2000 to 2019 and the resulting environmental and climate pressures from every stage of a product\u2019s life cycle (value chain) related to household consumption. This includes resource extraction, production and processing, transportation, consumption and waste management. The briefing is underpinned by a report on consumption and the environment in Europe\u2019s circular economy from the EEA\u2019s European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use (ETC/CE).\u00a0Conditions and pathways for sustainable and circular consumption in Europe are discussed in a separate briefing .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In this briefing, we show trends in household consumption in Europe from 2000 to 2019 and the resulting environmental and climate pressures from every stage of a product\u2019s life cycle (value chain) related to household consumption. This includes resource extraction, production and processing, transportation, consumption and waste management. The briefing is underpinned by a\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "report" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-ce/products/etc-ce-report-2023-8-consumption-and-the-environment-in-europe2019s-circular-economy" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0on consumption and the environment in Europe\u2019s circular economy from the EEA\u2019s European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use (ETC/CE).\u00a0Conditions and pathways for sustainable and circular consumption in Europe are discussed in a separate\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "briefing" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/conditions-and-pathways-for-sustainable/conditions-and-pathways-for-sustainable" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "66a1f639-df6e-426b-9428-9df6a9651b34": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Overall, it seems that most pressures from household consumption in Europe have not changed significantly from 2000 to 2019. Thus, efforts to significantly decouple and decrease environmental and climate pressures from consumption have not been successful, except for the emissions of NO x and SO x to air, for which ambitious EU policies and efficiency gains have contributed to reducing pressures. In addition, major structural changes to the European economy, some industries relocating outside of Europe, and other factors may have contributed to these reductions (EEA, 2020a).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Overall, it seems that most pressures from household consumption in Europe have not changed significantly from 2000 to 2019. Thus, efforts to significantly decouple and decrease environmental and climate pressures from consumption have not been successful, except for the emissions of NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0to air, for which ambitious EU policies and efficiency gains have contributed to reducing pressures. In addition, major structural changes to the European economy, some industries relocating outside of Europe, and other factors may have contributed to these reductions (EEA, 2020a)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "6a665d54-2a70-43ab-a175-8ff462b704c7": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "small" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "6ab13b1f-6a27-4765-8abf-f3b84531ff66": { "@layout": "4e29c2d6-cc35-4de2-8a47-e894226b9dd0", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "8536d6c5-d439-4817-8ce1-6dfc3fef03c3", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "6da2e0e3-5666-4ccd-84ed-ddcc72612bed": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Note : NO x , nitrogen oxides; PM, particulate matter; SO x , sulphur oxides. Greenhouse gas emissions in CO 2 equivalents. ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Note" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ": NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", nitrogen oxides; PM, particulate matter; SO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "x" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", sulphur oxides. Greenhouse gas emissions in CO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0equivalents." }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "small" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "75a8f16c-c7c9-446f-a2b0-7c4f0d9f4fb3": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "0ed7c516-3a81-4d64-aa99-ed32654aa2ba": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "a8de065e-b459-400d-96dc-689ee989c608": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Environmental pressures from household consumption, EU-27, Norway, Switzerland and T\u00fcrkiye, 2000-2020, indexed (2000=100)", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Environmental pressures from household consumption, EU-27, Norway, Switzerland and T\u00fcrkiye, 2000-2020, indexed (2000=100)" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "a8de065e-b459-400d-96dc-689ee989c608", "0ed7c516-3a81-4d64-aa99-ed32654aa2ba" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-46b31809-c717-47fb-8912-e2c440f3aba5", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "76892ec2-a94a-44ac-8bd1-bfc0360c3be7": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "798e9b40-1bf5-493e-b6b6-e275f3982130": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "90488cd8-9cb1-4a68-9487-0d7fdf842060": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "941fe743-5053-4be6-9aa9-42fe1a0a57c2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1 shows consumption volume trends from 2000 to 2019 and 2020, with the year 2000 indexed to 100. It shows which areas of consumption have increased most in volume as a percentage of consumption levels in the year 2000. Volumes increased for all consumption areas between 2000 and 2019, after which they decreased slightly because of the COVID-19-related economic downturn. The volume increase from 2000 to 2019 was highest for the consumption areas household goods and services (household equipment, appliances, and information and communications technology) and services (health, education, finance, recreation and other), which both increased by over 40% (47% and 43%, respectively). The consumption areas housing, and clothing and footwear, increased in volume by over 20% (24% and 21%, respectively). Mobility and food consumption increased in volume the least (14% and 10%, respectively).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1 shows consumption volume trends from 2000 to 2019 and 2020, with the year 2000 indexed to 100. It shows which areas of consumption have increased most in volume as a percentage of consumption levels in the year 2000. Volumes increased for all consumption areas between 2000 and 2019, after which they decreased slightly because of the COVID-19-related economic downturn. The volume increase from 2000 to 2019 was highest for the consumption areas household goods and services (household equipment, appliances, and information and communications technology) and services (health, education, finance, recreation and other), which both increased by over 40% (47% and 43%, respectively). The consumption areas housing, and clothing and footwear, increased in volume by over 20% (24% and 21%, respectively). Mobility and food consumption increased in volume the least (14% and 10%, respectively)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "9bfeccf6-38d2-4d8a-b5f7-a3583e8f65a5": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "ae985181-cbb1-432d-8df9-e35e04016d17": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "b399b6c4-a6fb-444b-a141-f9ed2a805b7c": { "@type": "columnsBlock", "data": { "blocks": { "347be0e4-762f-4751-bd34-3d6aee814f6b": { "blocks": { "3b25122f-4bf6-4065-a547-f9df13d56af5": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The accounting method used for this briefing and its underpinning report is \u2018consumption-based\u2019 (as opposed to \u2018production-based\u2019). Consumption-based environmental accounting estimates environmental pressures from the production of goods and services, consumed in a specific territory, regardless of where in the world these goods and services are produced. There are many methods to estimate consumption-based environmental pressures, including the Consumption Footprint assessment framework of the European Commission (European Commission, 2022), the United Nations Environment Programme\u2019s Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspot Analysis Tool (SCP-HAT) initiative and the EEA\u2019s consumption footprint indicator methodology (EEA, 2022).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The accounting method used for this briefing and its underpinning report is \u2018consumption-based\u2019 (as opposed to \u2018production-based\u2019). Consumption-based environmental accounting estimates environmental pressures from the production of goods and services, consumed in a specific territory, regardless of where in the world these goods and services are produced. There are many methods to estimate consumption-based environmental pressures, including the Consumption Footprint assessment framework of the European Commission (European Commission, 2022), the United Nations Environment Programme\u2019s Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspot Analysis Tool (SCP-HAT) initiative and the EEA\u2019s consumption footprint indicator methodology (EEA, 2022)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7e45c639-2530-4e8c-b76d-713c0496b542": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Box 2. The accounting method used ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Box 2. The accounting method used" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "ddff5911-0b04-4574-b1e7-e13cc679b55e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "For this briefing, the environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EE-MRIO) model EXIOBASE v.3.8.2 (Stadler et al., 2021) was used to allocate emissions and resource use to consumption domains. EXIOBASE translates economic transactions happening within an economy and within 1 year into environmental pressures by adding environmental extensions to supply and demand tables. These environmental extensions are coefficients that estimate emissions to the environment, stemming from economic activities triggered by corresponding economic transactions. EXIOBASE offers a top-down approach to consumption-based environmental accounting and is well-suited to provide a macro-perspective of Europe in a global context. Thus, it is considered to give a comprehensive picture at an aggregated level. The full methodology is described in Annex 1 of the underpinning report.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "For this briefing, the environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EE-MRIO) model EXIOBASE v.3.8.2 (Stadler et al., 2021) was used to allocate emissions and resource use to consumption domains. EXIOBASE translates economic transactions happening within an economy and within 1 year into environmental pressures by adding environmental extensions to supply and demand tables. These environmental extensions are coefficients that estimate emissions to the environment, stemming from economic activities triggered by corresponding economic transactions. EXIOBASE offers a top-down approach to consumption-based environmental accounting and is well-suited to provide a macro-perspective of Europe in a global context. Thus, it is considered to give a comprehensive picture at an aggregated level. The full methodology is described in Annex 1 of the underpinning report." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "7e45c639-2530-4e8c-b76d-713c0496b542", "3b25122f-4bf6-4065-a547-f9df13d56af5", "ddff5911-0b04-4574-b1e7-e13cc679b55e" ] }, "settings": { "backgroundColor": "#f9f9f9", "padding": { "bottom": 20, "left": 20, "right": 20, "top": 20 } } } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "347be0e4-762f-4751-bd34-3d6aee814f6b" ] } }, "gridCols": [ "full" ], "gridSize": 12, "styles": {} }, "bed63342-22e8-4f19-9e1f-bd0249f62899": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "../../../../resolveuid/8b580cb20af24a55b722b79b72923e9d" }, "bfe5739d-4c92-4177-aa6a-a67816fe7d6f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2 shows selected environmental and climate pressures related to EU household consumption for 2000-2020. Since 2020 was an abnormal year due to COVID-19, the analysis focuses on the period 2000-2019.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2 shows selected environmental and climate pressures related to EU household consumption for 2000-2020. Since 2020 was an abnormal year due to COVID-19, the analysis focuses on the period 2000-2019." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c5cbb7aa-0d34-4dc7-abf0-ece4d28e171c": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "cf5f7d6d-cdce-4d44-8231-776f787cee88": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The economic value of household consumption in the EU \u2014 measured by total EU household expenditure \u2014 increased by 69% between 2000 and 2019 from EUR 4.3 trillion to EUR 7.3 trillion. Consumption expenditure dropped by 8% between 2019 and 2020, mainly because of the COVID-19 pandemic-related economic downturn. Three areas of household consumption were responsible for about three-quarters of EU household consumption expenditure in 2019: food (26%), services (25%) and housing (24%). The remaining consumption expenditure was on clothing and footwear, mobility, and household goods and services.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The economic value of household consumption in the EU \u2014 measured by total EU household expenditure \u2014 increased by 69% between 2000 and 2019 from EUR 4.3 trillion to EUR 7.3 trillion. Consumption expenditure dropped by 8% between 2019 and 2020, mainly because of the COVID-19 pandemic-related economic downturn. Three areas of household consumption were responsible for about three-quarters of EU household consumption expenditure in 2019: food (26%), services (25%) and housing (24%). The remaining consumption expenditure was on clothing and footwear, mobility, and household goods and services." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d0412d92-196f-43b5-b55d-13f74aefcb4e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "European household consumption is dependent on trade with the rest of the world. Looking at the share of the value chain located outside Europe, 7% of activities for services, 9% for housing, 13% for food, 10% for mobility, 16% for household goods and services and for food, and 32% for clothing and footwear are located outside Europe (ETC/WMGE, 2019). Since 2000, the non-EU share in terms of value added has steadily increased for all consumption domains. This means that we are increasingly relying on production and other activities outside Europe to enable household consumption in Europe.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "European household consumption is dependent on trade with the rest of the world. Looking at the share of the value chain located outside Europe, 7% of activities for services, 9% for housing, 13% for food, 10% for mobility, 16% for household goods and services and for food, and 32% for clothing and footwear are located outside Europe (ETC/WMGE, 2019). Since 2000, the non-EU share in terms of value added has steadily increased for all consumption domains. This means that we are increasingly relying on production and other activities outside Europe to enable household consumption in Europe." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d3ab0441-0903-4179-9931-4cf86597f7a5": { "@type": "tabs_block", "data": { "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "8fecccf8-0e2a-41e6-9d22-5eefc8b4fb82": { "@type": "tab", "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "421b292b-b30c-440d-871e-24391715d76e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2021, Growth without economic growth, EEA Briefing, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/growth-without-economic-growth ) accessed 28 November 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2021, Growth without economic growth, EEA Briefing, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/growth-without-economic-growth" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/growth-without-economic-growth" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 28 November 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7f12ce12-3bdc-46dd-a979-8cb5b4dcda36": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "European Commission, 2022, \u2018Consumption footprint platform\u2019 ( https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ConsumptionFootprintPlatform.html ) accessed 28 October 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "European Commission, 2022, \u2018Consumption footprint platform\u2019 (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ConsumptionFootprintPlatform.html" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ConsumptionFootprintPlatform.html" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 28 October 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "7ff890b0-34cd-4d13-ad4b-08b1b2fa3395": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "ETC/WMGE, 2019, Textiles and the environment in a circular economy, Eionet Report No 6/2019, European Topic Centre for Waste and Materials in a Green Economy ( https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-wmge/products/etc-reports/textiles-and-the-environment-in-a-circular-economy ) accessed 26 March 2020.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "ETC/WMGE, 2019, Textiles and the environment in a circular economy, Eionet Report No 6/2019, European Topic Centre for Waste and Materials in a Green Economy (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-wmge/products/etc-reports/textiles-and-the-environment-in-a-circular-economy" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-wmge/products/etc-reports/textiles-and-the-environment-in-a-circular-economy" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 26 March 2020." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "af18a39f-33b5-46e8-815a-68f631db549a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6\u00a0April 2022 on a general Union environment action programme to 2030 (OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22-36).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6\u00a0April 2022 on a general Union environment action programme to 2030 (OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22-36)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c60f337f-18e2-47f0-883f-639476f23f1b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Stadler, K., et al., 2021, \u2018EXIOBASE 3\u2019 ( https://zenodo.org/record/5589597 ) accessed 18 October 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Stadler, K., et al., 2021, \u2018EXIOBASE 3\u2019 (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://zenodo.org/record/5589597" } ], "data": { "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/5589597" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 18 October 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c62f49d1-fe7f-4fd4-b79e-f3e4692798c6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2022, \u2018Europe\u2019s consumption footprint\u2019, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/europe2019s-consumption-footprint ) accessed 18 October 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2022, \u2018Europe\u2019s consumption footprint\u2019, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/europe2019s-consumption-footprint" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/europe2019s-consumption-footprint" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 18 October 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "cc2f8510-32e2-4118-a177-ba7802c207ff": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2020a, Drivers of change of relevance for Europe\u2019s environment and sustainability, EEA Report No 25/2019, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/drivers-of-change ) accessed 26 April 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2020a, Drivers of change of relevance for Europe\u2019s environment and sustainability, EEA Report No 25/2019, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/drivers-of-change" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/drivers-of-change" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 26 April 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "e1f8798b-3243-4138-b7ce-c0230f44180d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2019, The European environment \u2014 state and outlook 2020: knowledge for transition to a sustainable Europe, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/publications/soer-2020 ) accessed 25 April 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2019, The European environment \u2014 state and outlook 2020: knowledge for transition to a sustainable Europe, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/publications/soer-2020" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/publications/soer-2020" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 25 April 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ed3764bb-960f-4911-988e-0f2183cbee10": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2020b, Is Europe living within the limits of our planet?, EEA Report No 1/2020, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/is-europe-living-within-the-planets-limits ) accessed 11 May 2023.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2020b, Is Europe living within the limits of our planet?, EEA Report No 1/2020, European Environment Agency (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/is-europe-living-within-the-planets-limits" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/is-europe-living-within-the-planets-limits" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ") accessed 11 May 2023." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "e1f8798b-3243-4138-b7ce-c0230f44180d", "cc2f8510-32e2-4118-a177-ba7802c207ff", "ed3764bb-960f-4911-988e-0f2183cbee10", "421b292b-b30c-440d-871e-24391715d76e", "c62f49d1-fe7f-4fd4-b79e-f3e4692798c6", "7ff890b0-34cd-4d13-ad4b-08b1b2fa3395", "af18a39f-33b5-46e8-815a-68f631db549a", "7f12ce12-3bdc-46dd-a979-8cb5b4dcda36", 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Consumption volumes by domain, EU-27, 2000-2020, indexed chain-linked volumes at constant prices (2000=100)", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Consumption volumes by domain, EU-27, 2000-2020, indexed chain-linked volumes at constant prices (2000=100)" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "4c8ea4ed-802e-4976-b0a8-eb33624b3224", "411dc2c2-748f-4cb3-9ea1-4e8b9c9b9e36" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-bed63342-22e8-4f19-9e1f-bd0249f62899", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "e51e4929-8d3e-4840-a4c6-e348cc41e970": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "eea2d5a7-279a-4793-ac40-93b15a5d25ab": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "European household consumption significantly pressures the environment and contributes to climate change due to production and consumption activities within Europe itself and abroad, in the context of increasingly globalised value chains (EEA, 2019). The overall (global) pressures are captured in this briefing in terms of consumption footprints and encompass pressures caused by all production and consumption activities occurring in the full value chain of goods and services consumed in Europe.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "European household consumption significantly pressures the environment and contributes to climate change due to production and consumption activities within Europe itself and abroad, in the context of increasingly globalised value chains (EEA, 2019). The overall (global) pressures are captured in this briefing in terms of consumption footprints and encompass pressures caused by all production and consumption activities occurring in the full value chain of goods and services consumed in Europe." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f4a3b934-f01f-4a1b-95c4-df0a580e5f31": { "@layout": "1eef0642-1b1c-4045-acd5-351fb090932e", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "acc1d041-18b5-47ac-b501-4947d0add926", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "f764e77e-5958-46c4-b30d-e87cd08239a9": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }
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EEA core metadata
Topics Climate change adaptation, Climate change mitigation
Temporal coverage { "temporal": [ { "label": "2000", "value": "2000" }, { "label": "2001", "value": "2001" }, { "label": "2002", "value": "2002" }, { "label": "2003", "value": "2003" }, { "label": "2004", "value": "2004" }, { "label": "2005", "value": "2005" }, { "label": "2006", "value": "2006" }, { "label": "2007", "value": "2007" }, { "label": "2008", "value": "2008" }, { "label": "2009", "value": "2009" }, { "label": "2010", "value": "2010" }, { "label": "2011", "value": "2011" }, { "label": "2012", "value": "2012" }, { "label": "2013", "value": "2013" }, { "label": "2014", "value": "2014" }, { "label": "2015", "value": "2015" }, { "label": "2016", "value": "2016" }, { "label": "2017", "value": "2017" }, { "label": "2018", "value": "2018" }, { "label": "2019", "value": "2019" }, { "label": "2020", "value": "2020" } ] }
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" }, { "label": "T\u00fcrkiye", "value": "geo-298795" } ] }
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