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"plaintext": "The question of what constitutes a good life has also put focus on the well-being economy , as opposed to the growth economy, which is measured in gross domestic product (Fioramonti et al., 2022; Costanza et al., 2018). The well-being economy recognises that the economy is embedded in nature and society and defines other human goals rather than purely institutional ones, such as physical and mental health, good social relations and a healthy natural environment. The economy of well-being concept has been used by institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2019) and the Council of the European Union (Council of the European Union, 2021).",
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"text": ", as opposed to the growth economy, which is measured in gross domestic product (Fioramonti et al., 2022; Costanza et al., 2018). The well-being economy recognises that the economy is embedded in nature and society and defines other human goals rather than purely institutional ones, such as physical and mental health, good social relations and a healthy natural environment. The economy of well-being concept has been used by institutions such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2019) and the Council of the European Union (Council of the European Union, 2021)."
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"plaintext": "Europe\u2019s circular economy is a key EU strategy for addressing resource scarcity, climate change, environmental degradation and biodiversity loss induced by consumption (European Commission, 2020b) (Box 1). A circular economy aims at keeping products and materials in use for the longest time possible; it aims to minimise flows of materials by using less materials and energy to produce new products; and it promotes reuse and recycling strategies to close material cycles. If products and materials can be kept in the economy for longer, then less virgin materials and energy will need to be extracted from the environment, reducing the environmental pressures related to extraction, emissions and waste generation (EEA, 2016).",
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"text": "Europe\u2019s circular economy is a key EU strategy for addressing resource scarcity, climate change, environmental degradation and biodiversity loss induced by consumption (European Commission, 2020b) (Box 1). A circular economy aims at keeping products and materials in use for the longest time possible; it aims to minimise flows of materials by using less materials and energy to produce new products; and it promotes reuse and recycling strategies to close material cycles. If products and materials can be kept in the economy for longer, then less virgin materials and energy will need to be extracted from the environment, reducing the environmental pressures related to extraction, emissions and waste generation (EEA, 2016)."
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"plaintext": "In this briefing, we explore the conditions and pathways for changing consumption in Europe to ensure a good life for all within the limits of the planet and how a circular economy can support this change. The briefing is underpinned by a report on consumption and the environment in Europe\u2019s circular economy from the EEA\u2019s European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use, and builds on the EEA briefing on environment and climate pressures from household consumption.",
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"text": "In this briefing, we explore the conditions and pathways for changing consumption in Europe to ensure a good life for all within the limits of the planet and how a circular economy can support this change. The briefing is underpinned by a\u00a0"
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"text": "\u00a0on consumption and the environment in Europe\u2019s circular economy from the EEA\u2019s European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use, and builds on the EEA\u00a0"
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"plaintext": "Scaling up circular product design",
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"plaintext": "To reduce material throughput, reuse and recycling strategies , including moving to less material-intense areas of consumption, are also central to the transition to a circular economy. Increased recycling rates of materials are needed in line with EU policy ambitions (EEA, 2021c). Adequate collection schemes and a reuse and recycling infrastructure should be available and accessible, and consumers should be encouraged to return their used products for proper waste management.",
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"text": ", including moving to less material-intense areas of consumption, are also central to the transition to a circular economy. Increased recycling rates of materials are needed in line with EU policy ambitions (EEA, 2021c). Adequate collection schemes and a reuse and recycling infrastructure should be available and accessible, and consumers should be encouraged to return their used products for proper waste management."
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"plaintext": "Related publications:",
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"plaintext": " The role of Europe\u2019s circular economy in achieving sustainable consumption ",
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"plaintext": "Reflections on consumption in the safe and just operating space have also led to other recent and related concepts, including the concept of sustainable consumption corridors (Fuchs et al., 2021; Di Giulio and Defila, 2021; Di Giulio and Fuchs, 2014; Bl\u00e4ttel-Mink et al., 2013) (Figure 1). This concept \u2018can be a good starting point to define criteria of sustainable consumption. Such corridors would be defined by minimum standards, allowing every individual to live a good life, and maximum standards, ensuring a limit on every individual\u2019s use of resources in order to guarantee access to a sufficient level of resources (in terms of quantity and quality) for others in the present and in the future\u2019 (Di Giulio and Fuchs, 2014, p. 184), thus operating within the planetary boundaries.",
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"text": "Reflections on consumption in the safe and just operating space have also led to other recent and related concepts, including the concept of\u00a0"
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"text": "\u00a0(Fuchs et al., 2021; Di Giulio and Defila, 2021; Di Giulio and Fuchs, 2014; Bl\u00e4ttel-Mink et al., 2013) (Figure 1). This concept \u2018can be a good starting point to define criteria of sustainable consumption. Such corridors would be defined by minimum standards, allowing every individual to live a good life, and maximum standards, ensuring a limit on every individual\u2019s use of resources in order to guarantee access to a sufficient level of resources (in terms of quantity and quality) for others in the present and in the future\u2019 (Di Giulio and Fuchs, 2014, p. 184), thus operating within the planetary boundaries."
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"plaintext": "Living well within the limits of the planet",
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"plaintext": "European and global consumption patterns put the planet\u2019s ecological balance at risk. At the same time, consumption fulfils important functions in the pursuit of well-being and for satisfying human and social needs. Because of high consumption levels, and the related production activities across the whole value chain, the ecological balance can be thrown off course in such a way that human well-being and distributional justice are in danger.",
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"text": "European and global consumption patterns put the planet\u2019s ecological balance at risk. At the same time, consumption fulfils important functions in the pursuit of well-being and for satisfying human and social needs. Because of high consumption levels, and the related production activities across the whole value chain, the ecological balance can be thrown off course in such a way that human well-being and distributional justice are in danger."
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"plaintext": "Care is needed not to use circular strategies to fuel economic growth strategies that eventually will lead to increases in material consumption and increased pressures (EEA, 2021c; Kovacic et al., 2019). For example, a focus on downstream solutions, such as recycling targets, may not be sufficient to change consumption patterns and achieve a reduction in overall environmental impacts (Bengtsson et al., 2018).",
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"text": "Care is needed not to use circular strategies to fuel economic growth strategies that eventually will lead to increases in material consumption and increased pressures (EEA, 2021c; Kovacic et al., 2019). For example, a focus on downstream solutions, such as recycling targets, may not be sufficient to change consumption patterns and achieve a reduction in overall environmental impacts (Bengtsson et al., 2018)."
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"plaintext": "One way to reduce the material use associated with and pressures from consumption is to extend a product\u2019s lifespan by enhancing its durability, repairability and upgradability, while maintaining all of its functionality (Konietzko et al., 2020). In fact, achieving longer product lives is key to reducing the climate and environmental impacts of products over their total life-cycle. Longer lives of products can lead to less frequent purchases of new products, which saves the resources needed for and pressures arising from producing them. Apart from physical durability, emotional durability is also key. Products should be designed so that consumers want to keep them because they never go out of fashion or can be easily adapted and upgraded. Emotional attachment and product care are, however, reduced if businesses plan obsolescence by shortening product lifespans artificially, hindering repairability and upgradability, or often introduce new products and models, nudging consumers to replace old ones earlier than needed.",
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"text": "One way to reduce the material use associated with and pressures from consumption is to extend a product\u2019s lifespan by enhancing its durability, repairability and upgradability, while maintaining all of its functionality (Konietzko et al., 2020). In fact,\u00a0"
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"text": "is key to reducing the climate and environmental impacts of products over their total life-cycle. Longer lives of products can lead to less frequent purchases of new products, which saves the resources needed for and pressures arising from producing them. Apart from physical durability, emotional durability is also key. Products should be designed so that consumers want to keep them because they never go out of fashion or can be easily adapted and upgraded. Emotional attachment and product care are, however, reduced if businesses plan obsolescence by shortening product lifespans artificially, hindering repairability and upgradability, or often introduce new products and models, nudging consumers to replace old ones earlier than needed."
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"plaintext": "A circular economy can contribute to more sustainable consumption by supporting pathways aimed at (1) consuming differently by shifting to less material-intensive options and using renewable or recycled materials, (2) consuming less through, for example, longer product lifespans or through sharing models that can reduce the demand for new products, and (3) scaling up circular product design that enables circular consumption and reduces environmental impact.",
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"text": "A circular economy can contribute to more sustainable consumption by supporting pathways aimed at (1) consuming differently by shifting to less material-intensive options and using renewable or recycled materials, (2) consuming less through, for example, longer product lifespans or through sharing models that can reduce the demand for new products, and (3) scaling up circular product design that enables circular consumption and reduces environmental impact."
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"plaintext": "Beyond environmental and climate concerns, there is also a social welfare dimension related to the planetary boundary approach, acknowledging that there are huge consumption inequalities across the globe, and also within Europe. To include the social dimension, Raworth (2012) included to the doughnut economics concept a set of social boundaries, including health, food, water, income, education, resilience, voice, jobs, energy, social equity and gender equality, in addition to the ecologically defined ones. While planetary boundaries describe the outer boundary or ceiling of the safe and just operating space, the social boundaries refer to the social pre-condition, the inner boundary or foundation of sustainable development. The resulting safe and just operating space defines a consumption level that allows all people to satisfy their basic needs in a fair and just way while respecting the ecological boundaries. It is called the doughnut due to the shape of the illustration (Raworth, 2012). However, there is not a single country on Earth that is developing within the doughnut \u2014 either the ecological limits are being overstretched or the social limits are being undercut (O\u2019Neill et al., 2018).",
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"text": "Beyond environmental and climate concerns, there is also a social welfare dimension related to the planetary boundary approach, acknowledging that there are huge consumption inequalities across the globe, and also within Europe. To include the social dimension, Raworth (2012) included to the doughnut economics concept a set of social boundaries, including health, food, water, income, education, resilience, voice, jobs, energy, social equity and gender equality, in addition to the ecologically defined ones. While planetary boundaries describe the outer boundary or ceiling of the safe and just operating space, the social boundaries refer to the social pre-condition, the inner boundary or foundation of sustainable development. The resulting\u00a0"
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"text": "\u00a0defines a consumption level that allows all people to satisfy their basic needs in a fair and just way while respecting the ecological boundaries. It is called the doughnut due to the shape of the illustration (Raworth, 2012). However, there is not a single country on Earth that is developing within the doughnut \u2014 either the ecological limits are being overstretched or the social limits are being undercut (O\u2019Neill et al., 2018)."
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"plaintext": "Many authors have suggested that existing policies targeting supply and production should be complemented with ambitious demand-side measures to steer consumption in a sustainable direction, for example by including a sufficiency approach in policymaking as a complementary strategy to efficiency and consumption shifts (Creutzig et al., 2022; Lorek et al., 2021; Bengtsson et al., 2018; Pantzar et al., 2018; Jackson, 2009). While it is clear that such changes would reduce material consumption, they would also present many challenges and require a fundamental mindset shift, as well as societal transformations (B\u00fcchs and Koch, 2019). This calls for rethinking the concepts of growth, progress and well-being beyond consumption (EEA, 2021c).",
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"text": "Many authors have suggested that existing policies targeting supply and production should be complemented with ambitious demand-side measures to steer consumption in a sustainable direction, for example by including a sufficiency approach in policymaking as a complementary strategy to efficiency and consumption shifts (Creutzig et al., 2022; Lorek et al., 2021; Bengtsson et al., 2018; Pantzar et al., 2018; Jackson, 2009). While it is clear that such changes would reduce material consumption, they would also present many challenges and require a fundamental mindset shift, as well as societal transformations (B\u00fcchs and Koch, 2019). This calls for rethinking the concepts of growth, progress and well-being beyond consumption (EEA, 2021c)."
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"plaintext": "Lastly, scaling up circular product design is key in enabling circular consumption (ETC CE, 2022). By following eco-design principles, products can be made to last and be easily maintainable, repairable, upgradable and recyclable. While ecolabels aim to inform consumers and encourage them to make sustainable product choices, product policy has the power to make sustainable products the norm (Lorek et al., 2021). As described in Box 1, the recently proposed regulation on ecodesign for sustainable products suggests an elaborate set of design requirements for products put on the EU market to ensure that they fit within a circular economy (European Commission, 2022c).",
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"text": "scaling up circular product design is key in enabling circular consumption (ETC CE, 2022). By following eco-design principles, products can be made to last and be easily maintainable, repairable, upgradable and recyclable. While ecolabels aim to inform consumers and encourage them to make sustainable product choices, product policy has the power to make sustainable products the norm (Lorek et al., 2021). As described in Box 1, the recently proposed regulation on ecodesign for sustainable products suggests an elaborate set of design requirements for products put on the EU market to ensure that they fit within a circular economy (European Commission, 2022c)."
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"plaintext": "While the original idea of green growth (OECD, 2011) has found its way into many EU and global policies, some scholars have proposed more disruptive concepts such as post-growth, (Wiedmann et al., 2020), degrowth (Demaria et al., 2013), beyond growth (OECD, 2020) and the well-being economy (Costanza et al., 2018). Some of these concepts \u2014 in particular the economy of well-being \u2014 are now increasingly being recognised by international organisations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2019) and the EU institutions (Council of the European Union, 2021).",
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"text": "While the original idea of green growth (OECD, 2011) has found its way into many EU and global policies, some scholars have proposed more disruptive concepts such as post-growth, (Wiedmann et al., 2020), degrowth (Demaria et al., 2013), beyond growth (OECD, 2020) and the well-being economy (Costanza et al., 2018). Some of these concepts \u2014 in particular the economy of well-being \u2014 are now increasingly being recognised by international organisations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2019) and the EU institutions (Council of the European Union, 2021)."
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"plaintext": "Considering the differing intensity of various types of consumption with regard to the environment and climate pressures they cause, shifting consumption to alternative, more sustainable and less material-intensive options could be a way to reduce pressures from consumption. Shifting consumption can be achieved through a combination of policy instruments \u2014 in particular product policy \u2014 circular business models and better informed and guided consumer choices. Discussions in the literature revolve around the question of if and to what extent shifting expenditure from one consumption category to another will actually reduce pressures and impacts (Carlsson Kanyama et al., 2021; Fr\u00e5ne et al., 2021).",
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"text": "\u00a0to alternative, more sustainable and less material-intensive options could be a way to reduce pressures from consumption. Shifting consumption can be achieved through a combination of policy instruments \u2014 in particular product policy \u2014 circular business models and better informed and guided consumer choices. Discussions in the literature revolve around the question of if and to what extent shifting expenditure from one consumption category to another will actually reduce pressures and impacts (Carlsson Kanyama et al., 2021; Fr\u00e5ne et al., 2021)."
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"plaintext": "Unprecedented sustainability challenges from accumulating environmental and climate pressures and impacts - to a large extent caused by unsustainable consumption - require a fundamental shift in our production and consumption systems in Europe and beyond. Such a shift calls for exploring what conditions and pathways are for sustainable and circular consumption in Europe.",
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