Primary and final energy consumption in the European Union

The European Union’s primary energy consumption (PEC) in 2024 is estimated to have increased by 1.3% compared to 2023, while final energy consumption (FEC) decreased by 0.9%. PEC represents the total energy demand within a country, including losses, while FEC represents the energy used by final consumers. These estimates, and the historical energy consumption trends across Europe, show that more ambitious developments and decisive action is required to achieve the 2030 PEC and FEC targets set by the EU Energy Efficiency Directive.

Lead Image No image
Lead Image Caption
Metadata
DPSIR Driving forces
Typology Efficiency indicator (Type C - Are we improving?)
UN SDGs SDG7: Affordable and clean energy
Topics Energy, Climate change mitigation, Energy efficiency
Temporal coverage { "readOnly": true, "temporal": [ { "label": "2005", "value": "2005" }, { "label": "2006", "value": "2006" }, { "label": "2007", "value": "2007" }, { "label": "2008", "value": "2008" }, { "label": "2009", "value": "2009" }, { "label": "2010", "value": "2010" }, { "label": "2011", "value": "2011" }, { "label": "2012", "value": "2012" }, { "label": "2013", "value": "2013" }, { "label": "2014", "value": "2014" }, { "label": "2015", "value": "2015" }, { "label": "2016", "value": "2016" }, { "label": "2017", "value": "2017" }, { "label": "2018", "value": "2018" }, { "label": "2019", "value": "2019" }, { "label": "2020", "value": "2020" }, { "label": "2021", "value": "2021" }, { "label": "2022", "value": "2022" }, { "label": "2023", "value": "2023" }, { "label": "2024", "value": "2024" }, { "label": "2025", "value": "2025" }, { "label": "2026", "value": "2026" }, { "label": "2027", "value": "2027" }, { "label": "2028", "value": "2028" }, { "label": "2029", "value": "2029" }, { "label": "2030", "value": "2030" } ] }
Geographic coverage { "readOnly": true, "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" } ] }
Workflow
Content responsible Head of Group Suzanne Dael
Layout
Blocks { "1bfd61c4-946d-4839-b16c-c209d50555bd": { "@layout": "d060487d-88fc-4f7b-8ea4-003f14e0fb0c", "@type": "group", "allowedBlocks": [ "slate" ], "as": "section", "block": "b8003964-564c-4579-a4e8-3568ec76b00d", "data": { "blocks": { "02ba4a04-fcfe-4968-806f-1dac3119cfef": { "@type": "embed_content", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "url": "../../../../resolveuid/cb5be64caf3a4524b7ada75c789cf4ca", "with_notes": false }, "1848927c-cad6-4476-ad16-c59adb65fe09": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In the same time frame, 22 Member States decreased their FEC . Greece (-27.0%) also represents the greatest decrease in this category, followed by the Netherlands (-24.9%) and Luxembourg (-24.7%). Five Member States had higher FEC levels compared to 2005, with Malta leading at 63.2%.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In the same time frame, 22 Member States " }, { "children": [ { "text": "decreased their" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " " }, { "children": [ { "text": "FEC" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ". Greece (-27.0%) also represents the greatest decrease in this category, followed by the Netherlands (-24.9%) and Luxembourg (-24.7%). Five Member States had higher FEC levels compared to 2005, with Malta leading at 63.2%. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881e": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fitted": false, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "section": false, "short": true, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "5f6908f5-b8d6-4e65-8c9c-e5094f5c5fda": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Between 2023 and 2024, 15 Member States reduced their estimated FEC. Poland reported the greatest relative reduction at -6.3%. Of the 11 Member States whose estimated FEC increased in 2024, Lithuania and Cyprus led in relative terms with +5.7% and +5.4% respectively.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Between 2023 and 2024, 15 Member States reduced their estimated FEC. Poland reported the greatest relative reduction at -6.3%. Of the 11 Member States whose estimated FEC increased in 2024, Lithuania and Cyprus led in relative terms with +5.7% and +5.4% respectively." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a0f52945-ac51-49a9-9c3d-7c5dac8d8d76": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "8855deef-8fe4-486f-8a13-d33a9985622a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Change in energy consumption of EU Member States between 2005 and 2024", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Change in energy consumption of EU Member States between 2005 and 2024" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "8855deef-8fe4-486f-8a13-d33a9985622a" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-02ba4a04-fcfe-4968-806f-1dac3119cfef", "styles": {} }, "b46b4370-481c-48d2-97a9-c93f5eb498eb": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Based on 2024 estimates, 24 Member States have decreased their PEC between 2005 and 2024. Greece was the highest achiever in relative terms at -33.4%, followed by Germany (-27.1%) and Italy (-25.8%). PEC levels in 2024 grew in Poland (+7.5%), Malta (+5.8%) and Cyprus (+4.7%) compared to 2005.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Based on 2024 estimates, 24 Member States have " }, { "children": [ { "text": "decreased their " } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "PEC" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " between 2005 and 2024. Greece was the highest achiever in relative terms at -33.4%, followed by Germany (-27.1%) and Italy (-25.8%). PEC levels in 2024 grew in Poland (+7.5%), Malta (+5.8%) and Cyprus (+4.7%) compared to 2005." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ced6e121-86c9-4489-ba30-1af5e6bd9d4f": { "@type": "slate", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "For the year between 2023-2024, nine Member States estimated to have decreased their PEC, with Czechia and Slovakia having the largest relative reductions of -3.5% and -3.3% respectively. For 18 Member States whose PEC is estimated to have increased, Austria had the highest proportion of +6.6% and France had the highest absolute PEC increase at 8.3Mtoe. " } ], "type": "p" } ], "plaintext": "For the year between 2023-2024, nine Member States estimated to have decreased their PEC, with Czechia and Slovakia having the largest relative reductions of -3.5% and -3.3% respectively. For 18 Member States whose PEC is estimated to have increased, Austria had the highest proportion of +6.6% and France had the highest absolute PEC increase at 8.3Mtoe." }, "d3d49723-14e5-4663-b346-37ee3572f28d": { "@type": "slate", "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "a0f52945-ac51-49a9-9c3d-7c5dac8d8d76", "02ba4a04-fcfe-4968-806f-1dac3119cfef", "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881e", "b46b4370-481c-48d2-97a9-c93f5eb498eb", "1848927c-cad6-4476-ad16-c59adb65fe09", "ced6e121-86c9-4489-ba30-1af5e6bd9d4f", "5f6908f5-b8d6-4e65-8c9c-e5094f5c5fda" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": false, "fixed": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<ol keys=\"9bbul,b1sa2,171og,1c1t5\" depth=\"0\"><li>Depending on the indicator context, this text can provide information at country level or, if this is not relevant, at some other level, e.g. sectoral, regional level.</li><li>This text interprets the data represented in the chart, rather than describing results, i.e. it provides explanations for some of the results.</li><li>The text related to progress at this level does not have to be comprehensive.</li><li>If there is no information that adds value to what is already visible there is no need to have any text.</li></ol>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "maxChars": "1000", "placeholder": "Disaggregate level assessment e.g. country, sectoral, regional level assessment", "readOnly": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Disaggregate level assessment" }, "2dc79b22-b2c8-450a-8044-ef04bfd044cf": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "required": true, "section": false, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "2ec8ba1c-769d-41fd-98c3-1e72b9c1d736": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "required": true, "section": false, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "677f7422-6da4-4c86-bca8-de732b7047b9": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "required": true, "section": false, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "6d7ae786-806c-48e0-ae05-4c794558869f": { "@layout": "8cb090c3-7071-40b8-9c7b-aca2ca3d0ad9", "@type": "accordion", "allowedBlocks": [ "columnsBlock", "slateFootnotes", "metadataSection" ], "block": "3e4859f6-e7a2-413c-8511-0615bc0ddbcf", "collapsed": true, "data": { "blocks": { "309c5ef9-de09-4759-bc02-802370dfa366": { "@type": "accordionPanel", "blocks": { "e047340c-c02e-4247-89ab-5fec73aeb5d3": { "@type": "columnsBlock", "data": { "blocks": { "a8a2323e-32af-426e-9ede-1f17affd664c": { "blocks": { "fe145094-71e0-4b3d-82f3-e4d79ac13533": { "@type": "metadataSection", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fields": [ { "@id": "94d638f1-89e1-4f97-aa59-b89b565f60fb", "field": { "id": "taxonomy_typology", "title": "Typology", "widget": "choices" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "ec261e45-f97d-465c-b5a3-0e4aa5187114", "field": { "id": "taxonomy_un_sdgs", "title": "UN SDGs", "widget": "array" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "eaef9ff4-0f8d-4360-9d19-5c6a2fd2dd00", "field": { "id": "unit_of_measure", "title": "Unit of measure", "widget": "slate" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "089cd1a1-92d4-47e2-8f6e-4bdb358600fe", "field": { "id": "frequency_of_dissemination", "title": "Frequency of dissemination", "widget": "integer" }, "showLabel": true } ], "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "readOnly": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Right column", "variation": "default" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "fe145094-71e0-4b3d-82f3-e4d79ac13533" ] }, "readOnlySettings": true }, "d9b41958-c17c-45f8-bae1-4140b537a033": { "blocks": { "2a56568a-10af-4a5b-8c73-22aa8cb734fe": { "@type": "metadataSection", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fields": [ { "@id": "48a20e0b-d3bd-41ac-aa06-e97c61071bd2", "field": { "id": "taxonomy_dpsir", "title": "DPSIR", "widget": "choices" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "34ceb93f-b405-4afd-aeae-a05abd44d355", "field": { "id": "topics", "title": "Topics", "widget": "array" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "fd2cdb9e-5ddd-4b46-8382-0d687ce2883e", "field": { "id": "subjects", "title": "Tags", "widget": "tags" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "0e842d87-c9f4-438e-b234-f83141d25ff3", "field": { "id": "temporal_coverage", "title": "Temporal coverage", "widget": "temporal" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "0b8ee8c2-046b-4243-9f11-116df6e0a524", "field": { "id": "geo_coverage", "title": "Geographic coverage", "widget": "geolocation" }, "showLabel": true } ], "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "readOnly": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Left column", "variation": "default" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "2a56568a-10af-4a5b-8c73-22aa8cb734fe" ] }, "readOnlySettings": true } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "d9b41958-c17c-45f8-bae1-4140b537a033", "a8a2323e-32af-426e-9ede-1f17affd664c" ] } }, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "gridCols": [ "halfWidth", "halfWidth" ], "gridSize": 12, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "readOnly": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Metadata" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "e047340c-c02e-4247-89ab-5fec73aeb5d3" ] }, "readOnlySettings": true, "title": "Metadata" }, "546a7c35-9188-4d23-94ee-005d97c26f2b": { "@type": "accordionPanel", "blocks": { "b5381428-5cae-4199-9ca8-b2e5fa4677d9": { "@type": "metadataSection", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fields": [ { "@id": "62c471fc-128f-4eff-98f9-9e83d9643fc7", "field": { "id": "data_description", "title": "Definition", "widget": "slate" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "ee67688d-3170-447a-a235-87b4e4ff0928", "field": { "id": "methodology", "title": "Methodology", "widget": "slate" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "b8a8f01c-0669-48e3-955d-d5d62da1b555", "field": { "id": "policy_relevance", "title": "Policy/environmental relevance", "widget": "slate" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "d71a80d1-0e65-46d9-8bd4-45aca22bc5dc", "field": { "id": "accuracy_and_reliability", "title": "Accuracy and uncertainties", "widget": "slate" }, "showLabel": true }, { "@id": "97ed11f5-4d31-4462-b3b0-2756a6880d31", "field": { "id": "data_provenance", "title": "Data sources and providers", "widget": "data_provenance" }, "showLabel": true } ], "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "readOnly": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Supporting information", "variation": "default" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "b5381428-5cae-4199-9ca8-b2e5fa4677d9" ] }, "readOnlySettings": true, "title": "Supporting information" }, "ecdb3bcf-bbe9-4978-b5cf-0b136399d9f8": { "@type": "accordionPanel", "blocks": { "d9aa8ed3-1c8a-4134-a324-663489a04473": { "@type": "slateFootnotes", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "global": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "placeholder": "References and footnotes will appear here", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "d9aa8ed3-1c8a-4134-a324-663489a04473" ] }, "readOnlySettings": true, "selected": "b142c252-337d-4f6e-8ed2-ff4c43601e2f", "title": "References and footnotes" } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "546a7c35-9188-4d23-94ee-005d97c26f2b", "309c5ef9-de09-4759-bc02-802370dfa366", "ecdb3bcf-bbe9-4978-b5cf-0b136399d9f8" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "non_exclusive": false, "readOnly": false, "readOnlySettings": true, "readOnlyTitles": true, "required": true, "title": "Additional information", "title_size": "h3" }, "85f17cd8-911a-4714-b9e0-6a5ce1ecfcb5": { "@layout": "1bc4379d-cddb-4120-84ad-5ab025533b12", "@type": "group", "allowedBlocks": [ "slate" ], "as": "section", "block": "48e57afa-e38d-4441-a541-409b9a435e56", "data": { "blocks": { "0ba33ca4-4ffb-4f88-b289-1b1900ac012e": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The full time series of developments show that overall reductions in energy efficiency in Europe since 2005 have been more pronounced for PEC (-18.3%) than for FEC (-12.9%). The replacement of fossil fuels and nuclear energy by renewables in electricity generation typically reduces PEC without affecting FEC.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The full time series of developments show that overall reductions in energy efficiency in Europe since 2005 have been more pronounced for PEC (-18.3%) than for FEC (-12.9%). The replacement of fossil fuels and nuclear energy by " }, { "children": [ { "text": "renewables" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " in electricity generation typically reduces PEC without affecting FEC. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "40fa3a9f-3719-4a95-b5ca-36310bedb5c1": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Reducing energy consumption typically leads to a reduction in environmental pressures associated with the production and consumption of energy. It supports the achievement of EU renewable energy and GHG targets , lowers emissions of air pollutants with its associated health benefits, enhances energy security and reduces import energy dependency.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Reducing energy consumption typically leads to a reduction in " }, { "children": [ { "text": "environmental pressures" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " associated with the production and consumption of energy. It supports the achievement of " }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU renewable energy and GHG targets" } ], "data": { "url": "https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-directive-targets-and-rules/renewable-energy-targets_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", lowers emissions of air pollutants with its associated health benefits, enhances energy security and reduces import energy dependency. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fitted": false, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "section": false, "short": true, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "6040bd11-5f78-42d1-bf5a-11d3746c1f79": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Compared to average annual reductions of the last 10 years, reaching ambitious 2030 targets will require continued introduction of robust measures. Based on this historical trend, the EU is likely not on track to meet the 2030 targets on energy consumption.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Compared to average annual reductions of the last 10 years, reaching ambitious" }, { "children": [ { "text": " 2030 targets" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " will require continued introduction of robust measures. Based on this historical trend, the EU is likely " }, { "children": [ { "text": "not on track" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " to meet the 2030 targets on energy consumption." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "9d34a9da-dff5-4ae3-bc3b-92b7b0294e0f": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU PEC levels in 2024 are estimated to have been 1210Mtoe, while EU FEC levels were estimated at 894Mtoe. This represents a increase of 1.3% and decrease of 0.9% respectively compared to 2023. The slight increase in PEC is partially driven by France\u2019s increase in electricity production predominantly derived from nuclear sources.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU PEC levels in 2024 are estimated to have been 1210Mtoe, while EU FEC levels were estimated at 894Mtoe. This represents a increase of 1.3% and decrease of 0.9% respectively compared to 2023. The slight increase in PEC is partially driven by France\u2019s increase in electricity production predominantly derived from nuclear sources." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c": { "@type": "embed_content", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>figure instructions goes here</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "url": "../../../../resolveuid/52f02c948426422ea5859de6d82c8ba6", "with_notes": false }, "b3200d0e-6dbc-4130-80ce-944d731e6c1d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The share of renewable energy in the EU has more than doubled since 2005. Other factors contributed to a reduction in energy demand, such as energy saving measures, energy transformation improvements, structural changes toward less energy intensive industries, increased energy prices after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and warmer winters due to climate change.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The " }, { "children": [ { "text": "share of renewable energy" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/1cffb92cc6c042c39e62acb4b00944eb" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0in the EU has " }, { "children": [ { "text": "more than doubled" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " since 2005. Other factors contributed to a reduction in energy demand, such as energy saving measures, energy transformation improvements, structural changes toward less energy intensive industries, increased energy prices after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and warmer winters due to climate change." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "bf3f73c4-b69d-4889-a536-1cf38237cb16": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "cef384a4-b740-4a60-ac2f-0844644d7fb8": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "4c4e649a-8e42-4923-8b26-f7b74dca82e3": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. Primary and final energy consumption in the European Union", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Primary and final energy consumption in the European Union" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "4c4e649a-8e42-4923-8b26-f7b74dca82e3" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "styles": {} }, "deb7e84d-d2c8-4491-90fa-3dc65fe02143": { "@type": "slate", "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f3bbfec6-f270-4ccc-aa2c-235f8e3d980c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EU's recast Energy Efficiency Directive sets an indicative EU-wide target of 992.5 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) for PEC, and a binding EU-wide target of 763Mtoe for FEC to be achieved by 2030.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU's recast\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Energy Efficiency Directive" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AJOL_2023_231_R_0001&qid=1695186598766" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " sets an indicative " }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU-wide target" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " of 992.5 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) for PEC, and a binding EU-wide target of 763Mtoe for FEC to be achieved by 2030." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "fbad7fde-6e04-498e-8edb-318a0593a116": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Policies to address energy efficiency improvements and to reduce reliance on fossil fuels have contributed to general decreasing trends in both PEC and FEC in recent years, compared to historical figures. The EU has taken active measures to save energy, e.g. via the Council Regulation on coordinated demand reduction measures for gas, where Member States agreed to reduce gas demand by 15% from 1 August 2022 to 31 March 2023 compared to average consumption in the same period over the preceding five years (2017-2022). This collectively led to notable decreases in energy consumption by industry and households.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Policies to address energy efficiency improvements and to reduce reliance on fossil fuels have contributed to general decreasing trends in both PEC and FEC in recent years, compared to historical figures. The EU has taken " }, { "children": [ { "text": "active measures" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " to save energy, e.g. via the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Council Regulation" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R1369" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " on coordinated demand reduction measures for gas, where Member States agreed to reduce gas demand by 15% from 1 August 2022 to 31 March 2023 compared to average consumption in the same period over the preceding five years (2017-2022). This collectively led to notable decreases in energy consumption by industry and households. " } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "cef384a4-b740-4a60-ac2f-0844644d7fb8", "b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881d", "40fa3a9f-3719-4a95-b5ca-36310bedb5c1", "f3bbfec6-f270-4ccc-aa2c-235f8e3d980c", "9d34a9da-dff5-4ae3-bc3b-92b7b0294e0f", "fbad7fde-6e04-498e-8edb-318a0593a116", "0ba33ca4-4ffb-4f88-b289-1b1900ac012e", "b3200d0e-6dbc-4130-80ce-944d731e6c1d", "6040bd11-5f78-42d1-bf5a-11d3746c1f79", "bf3f73c4-b69d-4889-a536-1cf38237cb16" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": false, "fixed": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><strong>Assessment text remains at</strong> <strong>the relevant</strong> <strong>aggregate level</strong> <strong>(i.e.</strong> <strong>global, EU, sectoral)</strong> <strong>and addresses the following: </strong></p><ol keys=\"dkvn8,e367c,f4lpb,9j981,7ai6k,3g3pd\" depth=\"0\"><li>Explains in one or two sentences on the environmental rationale of the indicator, i.e. why it matters to the environment that we see an increase/decrease in the value measured.</li><li>Explains in one or two sentences the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional. More information on the policy objective and related references will be included in the supporting information section. Where there is no policy objective associated with the indicator, i.e. where the indicator addresses an issue that is important for future policy formulation, this text should explain instead why this issue is important.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Explains any mismatch between what the indicator tracks and what the policy objective/issue is.</li><li>Qualifies the historical trend (e.g. steady increase) and explains the key reasons (e.g. policies) behind it. If there is a quantitative target it explains if we are on track to meet it.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Explains any recent changes to the trend and why.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Describes what needs to happen to see adequate progress in future, for instance in order to remain on track to meet targets.</li></ol><p><strong>Please cite your work if</strong> <strong>necessary</strong> <strong>using the EEA citation style (i.e.</strong> <strong>EEA, 2020). A full reference list appears in the supporting information section.</strong></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "maxChars": "2000", "placeholder": "Aggregate level assessment e.g. progress at global, EU level..", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Aggregate level assessment" }, "a083d934-7ce8-46de-bc48-05dd2f73158a": { "@layout": "794c9b24-5cd4-4b9f-a0cd-b796aadc86e8", "@type": "group", "allowedBlocks": [], "as": "section", "block": "a083d934-7ce8-46de-bc48-05dd2f73158a", "data": { "blocks": { "12d8c532-f7ad-43fe-ada7-330b2d7a7a39": { "@type": "slate", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "Published: date \u2012 25min read", "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Published: " }, { "children": [ { "text": "date" } ], "data": { "id": "effective", "widget": "datetime" }, "type": "mention" }, { "text": " \u2012 25min read" } ], "type": "sup" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "1c31c956-5086-476a-8694-9936cfa6c240": { "@type": "description", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy objective, it explains whether the trend is in the right or wrong direction in relation to the issue examined.</p><p>If there has been an important change over the most recent period of the time series, e.g. over the last year, this is indicated too.</p><p>Furthermore, if there is a quantitative target, it also indicates whether we are on track to meet it and if not what are the reasons preventing that, e.g. socio-economic drivers, implementation gap etc.</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "placeholder": "Summary", "plaintext": "The European Union\u2019s primary energy consumption (PEC) in 2024 is estimated to have increased by 1.3% compared to 2023, while final energy consumption (FEC) decreased by 0.9%. PEC represents the total energy demand within a country, including losses, while FEC represents the energy used by final consumers. These estimates, and the historical energy consumption trends across Europe, show that more ambitious developments and decisive action is required to achieve the 2030 PEC and FEC targets set by the EU Energy Efficiency Directive.\n ", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The European Union\u2019s primary energy consumption (PEC) in 2024 is estimated to have increased by 1.3% compared to 2023, while final energy consumption (FEC) decreased by 0.9%. PEC represents the total energy demand within a country, including losses, while FEC represents the energy used by final consumers. These estimates, and the historical energy consumption trends across Europe, show that more ambitious developments and decisive action is required to achieve the 2030 PEC and FEC targets set by the EU Energy Efficiency Directive." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "3cccc2bb-471a-44c7-b006-5595c4713ff2": { "@type": "layoutSettings", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "layout_size": "narrow_view", "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true }, "ddde07aa-4e48-4475-94bd-e1a517d26eab": { "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "styles": {}, "variation": "default", "@type": "title", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hideContentType": true, "hideCreationDate": true, "hideDownloadButton": true, "hideModificationDate": true, "placeholder": "Indicator title", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "ddde07aa-4e48-4475-94bd-e1a517d26eab", "1c31c956-5086-476a-8694-9936cfa6c240", "3cccc2bb-471a-44c7-b006-5595c4713ff2" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy objective, it explains whether the trend is in the right or wrong direction in relation to the issue examined.</p><p>If there has been an important change over the most recent period of the time series, e.g. over the last year, this is indicated too.</p><p>Furthermore, if there is a quantitative target, it also indicates whether we are on track to meet it and if not what are the reasons preventing that, e.g. socio-economic drivers, implementation gap etc.</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "maxChars": "500", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "styles": { "style_name": "environment-theme-bg" }, "title": "Content header" }, "e9736b7c-4902-48aa-aecd-b706409a576d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "required": true, "section": false, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} } }
Blocks Layout { "items": [ "a083d934-7ce8-46de-bc48-05dd2f73158a", "85f17cd8-911a-4714-b9e0-6a5ce1ecfcb5", "1bfd61c4-946d-4839-b16c-c209d50555bd", "6d7ae786-806c-48e0-ae05-4c794558869f" ] }
Supporting information
Methodology [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "PEC-FEC" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "To ensure comparability with energy efficiency targets, this indicator is defined according to Eurostat methodology for final energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030) [FEC2020-2030] and primary energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030) [PEC2020-2030]." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Primary energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030) = gross inland consumption (all products total) - gross inland consumption (ambient heat (heat pumps)) - final non-energy consumption (all products total)." } ], "type": "p" }, { "type": "p", "children": [ { "text": "" } ] }, { "children": [ { "text": "Final energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030)= final energy consumption (all products total) - final energy consumption (ambient heat (heat pumps)) + international aviation (all products total) + transformation input blast furnaces (all products total) - transformation output blast furnaces (all products total) + energy sector blast furnaces (solid fossil fuels) + energy sector blast furnaces (manufactured gases) + energy sector blast furnaces (peat and peat products) + energy sector blast furnaces (oil shale and oil sands) + energy sector blast furnaces (oil and petroleum products) + energy sector blast furnaces (Natural gas)." } ], "type": "p" }, { "type": "p", "children": [ { "text": "" } ] }, { "children": [ { "text": "Data set used: 'Complete energy balances nrg_bal_c'" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "type": "p", "children": [ { "text": "Codes:" } ] }, { "children": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "FEC2020-2030 Final energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030)/all products;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "PEC2020-2030 Primary energy consumption (Europe 2020-2030)/all products;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "GIC Gross inland consumption/all products;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "NRG_BF_E Energy sector \u2014 blast furnaces \u2014 energy use/all products;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "FC_NE Final non-energy consumption/all products;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "FC_TRA_E Final consumption \u2014 transport sector \u2014 energy use/renewables and biofuels;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "FC_E Final consumption \u2014 energy use/ambient heat;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "PPRD Primary production/ambient heat." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ul" } ], "type": "ul" } ], "type": "ul" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Details about this methodology are available from Eurostat at:\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "ENERGY BALANCE GUIDE (Draft 31 January 2019)" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/38154/4956218/ENERGY-BALANCE-GUIDE-DRAFT-31JANUARY2019.pdf" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The time series for the EU-27 was made by summing the values for each year of the 27 countries that are currently Member States, regardless of whether they were members of the EU in any given year." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Proxy data" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Values for 2005-2022 are compiled by Eurostat. Approximated figures for 2023 are based on EEA estimates." } ], "type": "p" } ]
Data sources and providers { "readOnly": true, "data": [ { "@id": "b9086dc8-8bcd-4134-bb6b-b8c071503367", "title": "Simplified Energy Balances: Primary Energy Consumption - Energy Efficiency Directive", "link": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_bal_s__custom_15130974/default/table?lang=en", "organisation": "EUROSTAT -Statistical Office of the European Union" }, { "@id": "d8129766-2a3c-425b-a3f2-81617dd01246", "title": "Simplified Energy Balances: Final Energy Consumption - Energy Efficiency Directive", "link": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nrg_bal_s__custom_15130931/default/table?lang=en", "organisation": "EUROSTAT - Statistical Office of the European Union" }, { "@id": "a9ef9d46-7763-4ef1-9f72-d8af5d50e531", "link": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_07_10/default/table?lang=en", "organisation": "Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat) ", "title": "Primary energy consumption" }, { "@id": "cf107c8b-6d3b-4a17-b19b-9966f527f208", "link": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_07_11/default/table?lang=en", "organisation": "Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat) ", "title": "Final energy consumption" }, { "@id": "5fa19ef2-afce-468b-90be-7710230f9d8f", "title": "Approximated estimates for the primary and final consumption of energy, 2024", "link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/d4943227-c1c2-430d-8cb3-bebc2dd8666c", "organisation": "European Environment Agency (EEA)" } ] }
Definition [ { "children": [ { "text": "Final energy consumption (FEC) represents the energy used by final consumers (such as households, transport, industry etc) for all energy uses. It is the energy that reaches the final consumer\u2019s door. " } ], "type": "p" }, { "type": "p", "children": [ { "text": "" } ] }, { "children": [ { "text": "Primary energy consumption (PEC) represents the total energy demand within a country, excluding the energy products consumed for purposes other than producing useful energy (non-energy uses, e.g., oil for plastics). For example, the electricity consumed by a household counts towards FEC; the fuel burned to generate that electricity and bring it to the household counts towards PEC." } ], "type": "p" } ]
Unit of measure [ { "children": [ { "text": "FIG1: Million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe);" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "FIG2: Percentage change compared to 2005" } ], "type": "p" } ]
Policy / environmental relevance [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1399375464230&uri=CELEX:32012L0027" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ")\u00a0established a set of binding measures to help the EU reach its target of decreasing energy consumption by 20% by 2020, compared with projected levels. This was amended by\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Directive (EU) 2018/2002" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2018.328.01.0210.01.ENG" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", which provides a policy framework for 2030 and beyond. " }, { "children": [ { "text": "A new amendment was agreed" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/10/council-and-parliament-strike-deal-on-energy-efficiency-directive/" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " in 2023, which set new targets for 2030. " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The composition of the energy mix and the level of consumption provide an indication of the environmental pressures associated with energy consumption. The type and magnitude of the environmental impacts associated with energy consumption, such as resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutant emissions, water pollution and the accumulation of radioactive waste, strongly depend on the types and amounts of fuels consumed, as well as on the abatement technologies applied." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "This indicator is a headline indicator for monitoring progress towards achieving the aims of the" }, { "children": [ { "text": " 8th Environment Action Programme (8th EAP)" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/environment-action-programme-2030_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". It contributes mainly to monitoring progress towards energy efficiency aspects of " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Article 2.f of the 8th EAP" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022D0591#:~:text=DECISION%20(EU)%202022/591%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " which requires: \u2018promoting environmental aspects of sustainability and significantly reducing key environmental and climate pressures related to the Union\u2019s production and consumption, in particular in the areas of energy, industry, buildings and infrastructure, mobility, tourism, international trade and the food system\u2019 . The European Commission Communication on the 8" }, { "children": [ { "text": "th" } ], "type": "sup" }, { "text": "\u00a0EAP monitoring framework specifies that this indicator should monitor the achievement by 2030 of the recently agreed 2030 EU targets as detailed in the next paragraph" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the monitoring framework for the 8th Environment Action Programme: Measuring progress towards the attainment of the Programme&#x2019;s 2030 and 2050 priority objectives. COM(2022) 357 final</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EC, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the monitoring framework for the 8th Environment Action Programme: Measuring progress towards the attainment of the Programme's 2030 and 2050 priority objectives. COM(2022) 357 final", "uid": "0vLj0", "zoteroId": "ADUQ5Z3U" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Targets" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "On 20 September 2023, the EU officially published the recast\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Energy Efficiency Directive (EU) 2023/1791" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AJOL_2023_231_R_0001&qid=1695186598766" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ",\u00a0which set a target for the reduction of final energy consumption (FEC) of at least 11.7% in 2030, compared with the energy consumption forecasts for 2030 made in 2020. This translates into a mandatory target of 763Mtoe for FEC, and an indicative target of 993Mtoe for primary energy consumption (PEC). Member states will benefit from flexibilities in reaching the target." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "For more information, see the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "European Commission website on the Energy Efficiency Directive" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy.ec.europa.eu%2Ftopics%2Fenergy-efficiency%2Fenergy-efficiency-targets-directive-and-rules%2Fenergy-efficiency-directive_en&data=04%7C01%7CAndy.Martin%40eea.europa.eu%7C701d1a173bb64cdab9dc08da1ba5d58b%7Cbe2e7beab4934de5bbc58b4a6a235600%7C1%7C0%7C637852696316853435%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=Gh0B%2F9EkdazQwEIrzovc0wqleNO%2FjeIyMht1%2F1c00%2FY%3D&reserved=0" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0and the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "recent agreement" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/10/council-and-parliament-strike-deal-on-energy-efficiency-directive/" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Sources:" } ], "type": "b" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EC, 2022a, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the monitoring framework for the 8th Environment Action Programme: Measuring progress towards the attainment of the Programme\u2019s 2030 and 2050 priority objectives, COM/2022/357 final, " }, { "children": [ { "text": "EUR-Lex - 52022DC0357 - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A357%3AFIN" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Eurostat, 2023. Complete energy balances (NRG_BAL_C), PEC (2020-2030) and FEC (2020-2030). " }, { "children": [ { "text": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/bookmark/dea184ea-4883-453d-ba24-71e960a4f161?lang=en" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/bookmark/dea184ea-4883-453d-ba24-71e960a4f161?lang=en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". Accessed May 2024." } ], "type": "p" } ]
Frequency of dissemination 1
Accuracy and uncertainties [ { "children": [ { "text": "Methodology uncertainty" } ], "type": "h4" }, { "children": [ { "text": "No uncertainty has been specified." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Data sets uncertainty" } ], "type": "h4" }, { "children": [ { "text": "No uncertainty has been specified." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Rationale uncertainty" } ], "type": "h4" }, { "children": [ { "text": "No uncertainty has been specified." } ], "type": "p" } ]
Settings
Short name primary-and-final-energy-consumption
Versioning enabled yes
Contents
PEC and FEC (2005-2024) in EU 27

This figure shows primary and final energy consumption for the EU-27 from 2005 to 2024, the EU targets for 2030, and the linear trajectory to the target.