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Methodology
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"text": "This indicator is calculated based on data on the issuance of green bonds by companies, including financial institutions, and governments in the EU. The indicator shows green bond issuance as a percentage of all bonds issued and by type of green bond issuer. Data on corporate and government bonds were provided by Refinitiv. Green bond indicators such as this may contain discrepancies, as they rely on data provided by various commercial data providers, which report on issuances at different dates and rely on different green bond standards or frameworks. Moreover, numbers from the same data provider can vary depending on the date of data download and the currency exchange rate used, impacting comparability. "
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Definition
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"text": " is defined as a form of debt security. Bonds are loans provided by an investor to a borrower that are widely used to fund activities. The borrower agrees to pay back the loan with interest at a specified future date. Bonds can be used to finance a wide range of projects, and the proceeds are not necessarily earmarked for any particular purpose. In practical terms, bonds are financial instruments issued by entities such as corporations or governments to raise capital. Investors purchase these bonds, effectively lending money to the issuer, who in return agrees to pay periodic interest and repay the principal amount at a specified maturity date.\u200b Within the European Union, bonds play a significant role in financial markets by providing companies and governments with access to funding, while offering investors opportunities for portfolio diversification and income generation. "
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"text": "Green bonds are types of bonds committed to financing or re-financing investments, projects, expenditure or assets helping to address climate and environmental issues. Both governments and companies use them to finance the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy.\u00a0 "
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"text": " a new and clear gold standard for green bonds. Eighty-five percent of the bond\u2019s proceeds must be aligned with the EU Taxonomy technical screening criteria. The standard will be accessible to all issuers, including non-EU issuers, on a voluntary basis. "
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"text": "Green bonds can be differentiated by the entity that issues them. For instance, corporate green bonds are issued by a corporate entity, such as a company or financial corporation. Sovereign green bonds are issued by a national government. Supranational green bonds are issued by an international body such as the EU, which started to issue green bonds in 2021 under the "
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"text": ", or by international financial institutions (IFIs) such as the European Investment Bank, the lending arm of the EU. Data providers also differentiate green bonds issued by subnational entities such as municipalities or agencies from other types of green bond. Green bonds issued by agencies are usually securitised by a government-sponsored enterprise or a government department. "
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Unit of measure
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"text": "This indicator is a headline indicator for monitoring progress towards meeting targets of the Eighth Environment Action Programme (8th EAP). It contributes mainly to monitoring in relation to aspects of 8th EAP Article 3(u), which requires \u2018mobilising resources and ensuring sufficient sustainable investments from public and private sources\u2026 consistent with the "
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Frequency of dissemination
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Accuracy and uncertainties
