Environmental protection expenditure

Increasing environment- and climate-related expenditure can help meet the objectives of the European Green Deal. Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) measure the economic resources used for prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and any other degradation of the environment. Expenditure increased between 2018 and 2024 from 352 billion to 367 billion euros in the European Union. This represents a modest real term increase of 4.2% after inflation adjustments. EPE as a share of GDP declined to 2.0% in 2024, the lowest level recorded during the assessed period.

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Metadata
DPSIR Response
Typology Descriptive indicator (Type A - What is happening to the environment and to humans?)
UN SDGs SDG11: Sustainable cities and communities
Topics Sustainable finance
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Geographic coverage { "readOnly": true, "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" } ] }
Workflow
Content responsible Head of Group Daniel Montalvo
Layout
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"instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy objective, it explains whether the trend is in the right or wrong direction in relation to the issue examined.</p><p>If there has been an important change over the most recent period of the time series, e.g. over the last year, this is indicated too.</p><p>Furthermore, if there is a quantitative target, it also indicates whether we are on track to meet it and if not what are the reasons preventing that, e.g. socio-economic drivers, implementation gap etc.</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "placeholder": "Summary", "plaintext": "Increasing environment- and climate-related expenditure can help meet the objectives of the European Green Deal. Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) measure the economic resources used for prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and any other degradation of the environment. Expenditure increased between 2018 and 2024 from 352 billion to 367 billion euros in the European Union. This represents a modest real term increase of 4.2% after inflation adjustments. EPE as a share of GDP declined to 2.0% in 2024, the lowest level recorded during the assessed period.", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Increasing environment- and climate-related expenditure can help meet the objectives of the European Green Deal. " }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) measure the economic resources used for prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and any other degradation of the environment. Expenditure increased between 2018 and 2024 from 352 billion to 367 billion euros in the European Union. This represents a modest real term increase of 4.2% after inflation adjustments. EPE as a share of GDP declined to 2.0% in 2024, the lowest level recorded during the assessed period." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "3cccc2bb-471a-44c7-b006-5595c4713ff2": { "@type": "layoutSettings", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "layout_size": "narrow_view", "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true }, "ddde07aa-4e48-4475-94bd-e1a517d26eab": { "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "styles": {}, "variation": "default", "@type": "title", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hideContentType": true, "hideCreationDate": true, "hideDownloadButton": true, "hideModificationDate": true, "placeholder": "Indicator title", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "ddde07aa-4e48-4475-94bd-e1a517d26eab", "1c31c956-5086-476a-8694-9936cfa6c240", "3cccc2bb-471a-44c7-b006-5595c4713ff2" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy objective, it explains whether the trend is in the right or wrong direction in relation to the issue examined.</p><p>If there has been an important change over the most recent period of the time series, e.g. over the last year, this is indicated too.</p><p>Furthermore, if there is a quantitative target, it also indicates whether we are on track to meet it and if not what are the reasons preventing that, e.g. socio-economic drivers, implementation gap etc.</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "maxChars": "500", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "styles": { "style_name": "environment-theme-bg" }, "title": "Content header" }, "677f7422-6da4-4c86-bca8-de732b7047b9": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "required": true, "section": false, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "71ebe6cb-23ee-404b-a214-b4fa12f3a712": { "@layout": "1bc4379d-cddb-4120-84ad-5ab025533b12", "@type": "group", "allowedBlocks": [ "slate" ], "as": "section", "block": "71ebe6cb-23ee-404b-a214-b4fa12f3a712", "data": { "blocks": { "3e6c93d1-02e9-4f85-bc8d-214ba546feef": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EPE covers the protection of ambient air, soil and water; wastewater and waste management; noise abatement; biodiversity protection; protection against radiation; and environmental research and development (R&D). EPE only partly captures expenditure related to climate and circular economy , and includes both operating expenditure and investments. In real terms, growing by 4.2% during 2018-2024 and reaching an estimated EUR 367 billion in 2025 prices by 2024.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EPE covers the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "protection" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " of ambient air, soil and water; wastewater and waste management; noise abatement; biodiversity protection; protection against radiation; and environmental research and development (R&D). EPE only partly captures expenditure related to climate" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "extra": [ { "footnote": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1798247/12177560/CEPA+and+CReMA+explanatory+notes+-+technical+note.pdf/b3517fb9-1cb3-7cd9-85bd-4e3a3807e28a?t=1609863934103", "footnoteId": "s3q1q", "label": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1798247/12177560/CEPA+and+CReMA+explanatory+notes+-+technical+note.pdf/b3517fb9-1cb3-7cd9-85bd-4e3a3807e28a?t=1609863934103", "uid": "aRgy8", "value": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1798247/12177560/CEPA+and+CReMA+explanatory+notes+-+technical+note.pdf/b3517fb9-1cb3-7cd9-85bd-4e3a3807e28a?t=1609863934103" } ], "footnote": "It does not capture expenditure on the production of renewable energies, energy efficiency in general or climate adaptation. However, it now includes expenditure on clean transport (vehicles and charging systems) as directly contributing to reducing air pollution. See CEPA and EPEA explanatory notes (Eurostat, 2020).", "label": "It does not capture expenditure on the production of renewable energies, energy efficiency in general or climate adaptation. However, it now includes expenditure on clean transport (vehicles and charging systems) as directly contributing to reducing air pollution. See CEPA and EPEA explanatory notes (Eurostat, 2020).", "uid": "uD3_a", "value": "It does not capture expenditure on the production of renewable energies, energy efficiency in general or climate adaptation. However, it now includes expenditure on clean transport (vehicles and charging systems) as directly contributing to reducing air pollution. See CEPA and EPEA explanatory notes (Eurostat, 2020)." }, "type": "footnote" }, { "text": "and circular economy" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "extra": [ { "footnote": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/cei_cie010", "footnoteId": "6iMXU", "label": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/cei_cie010", "uid": "UL6v2", "value": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/cei_cie010" } ], "footnote": "Information on circular economy private investments in Member States is available in a data set published by Eurostat, under the circular economy indicators on competitiveness and innovation (see data set \u2018Private investment and gross value added related to circular economy sectors\u2019", "label": "Information on circular economy private investments in Member States is available in a data set published by Eurostat, under the circular economy indicators on competitiveness and innovation (see data set \u2018Private investment and gross value added related to circular economy sectors\u2019", "uid": "dz0Y5", "value": "Information on circular economy private investments in Member States is available in a data set published by Eurostat, under the circular economy indicators on competitiveness and innovation (see data set \u2018Private investment and gross value added related to circular economy sectors\u2019" }, "type": "footnote" }, { "text": ", and includes both operating expenditure and investments. In real terms, growing by 4.2% during 2018-2024 and reaching an estimated EUR 367 billion in 2025 prices by 2024. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fitted": false, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "section": false, "short": true, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "459791c1-7042-46dd-91c2-74a4afc2aa97": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Most EPE is spent by corporations and increased in real terms by 8.4% from 2018 to 2024. Over the same period, the EPE of general governments and non-profit institutions increased by 8.6%. EPE by households decreased by 12%. Most EPE was spent on waste management and wastewater treatment activities during this period . Since 2018, the share of overall EPE in gross domestic product (GDP) has remained relatively stable, at around 2%, yet declined from 2.1% (2022) to 2.0% (2023 and 2024), the lowest level recorded during the assessed period.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Most EPE is spent by corporations and " }, { "children": [ { "text": "increased" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " in real terms by 8.4% from 2018 to 2024. Over the same period, the EPE of general governments and non-profit institutions increased by 8.6%. EPE by households decreased by 12%. Most EPE was spent on waste management and wastewater treatment activities during this period" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">Environmental protection expenditure accounts, 2023b, (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Environmental_protection_expenditure_accounts) accessed August 28, 2023.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": " 2023b, Environmental protection expenditure acc", "uid": "4mSe9", "zoteroId": "SQ7PA7HB" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". Since 2018, the share of overall EPE in gross domestic product (GDP) has remained relatively stable, at around 2%, yet declined from 2.1% (2022) to 2.0% (2023 and 2024), the lowest level recorded during the assessed period. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "5bb95515-9133-4b01-8784-d6e77969a9ff": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "8e5469a6-1af6-4954-9c03-060a7f5961b4": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. Environmental protection expenditure by institutional sector in the period 2018-2024, EU-27", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Environmental protection expenditure by institutional sector in the period 2018-2024, EU-27" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "8e5469a6-1af6-4954-9c03-060a7f5961b4" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "styles": {} }, "929b0741-3aa2-4ad4-a7d4-8ac8c32be83b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Building on the European Green Deal policy objectives , the 8th Environment Action Programme (8th EAP) aims to accelerate the green transition . Increasing environmental protection expenditure (EPE) in EU Member States and green expenditure directly related to environmental protection can help achieve this. For example, expenditure on renewables, energy and resource efficiency, and the circular economy transition.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Building on the European Green Deal policy objectives" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2019, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions &#x2018;The European Green Deal&#x2019;, COM (2019) 640 final of 11 December 2019.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EC, 2019, Communication from the Commission to the", "uid": "8wmJf", "zoteroId": "85PXR2WY" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ", the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "8th Environment Action Programme" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/environment-action-programme-2030_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " (8th EAP) aims to accelerate the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "green transition" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6&#xA0;April 2022 on a general Union environment action programme to 2030, OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22-36.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EU, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6\u00a0April 2022 on a general Union environment action programme to 2030", "uid": "zaVr_", "zoteroId": "YZ7GN8RW" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". Increasing environmental protection expenditure (EPE) in EU Member States and green expenditure directly related to environmental protection can help achieve this. For example, expenditure on renewables, energy and resource efficiency, and the circular economy transition. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c": { "@type": "embed_content", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>figure instructions goes here</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "url": "../../../../resolveuid/e466e9ec90294a1d86153927e3a69da4", "with_notes": false }, "deb7e84d-d2c8-4491-90fa-3dc65fe02143": { "@type": "slate", "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "efea144e-916f-4596-8d7e-9984677ac580": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "To achieve EU\u2019s objectives on environmental protection by 2030 , the additional investment needed for the period 2021-2030 is estimated at EUR 77 billion per year. The slow progress in increasing EPE implies that the EU is likely off track to address this funding gap by 2030.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "To achieve EU\u2019s objectives on environmental protection by 2030" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2020, Commission staff working document &#x2018;Identifying Europe&#x2019;s recovery needs&#x2019; accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions &#x2018;Europe&#x2019;s moment: repair and prepare for the next generation&#x2019;, SWD(2020) 98 final of 27 May 2020.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EC, 2020, Commission staff working document 'Ident", "uid": "WbZwK", "zoteroId": "YYCXGG5A" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ", the additional investment needed for the period 2021-2030 is estimated at EUR 77 billion per year. The slow progress in increasing EPE implies that the EU is likely off track to address this funding gap by 2030. " } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "5bb95515-9133-4b01-8784-d6e77969a9ff", "b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881d", "929b0741-3aa2-4ad4-a7d4-8ac8c32be83b", "3e6c93d1-02e9-4f85-bc8d-214ba546feef", "459791c1-7042-46dd-91c2-74a4afc2aa97", "efea144e-916f-4596-8d7e-9984677ac580" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": false, "fixed": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><strong>Assessment text remains at</strong> <strong>the relevant</strong> <strong>aggregate level</strong> <strong>(i.e.</strong> <strong>global, EU, sectoral)</strong> <strong>and addresses the following: </strong></p><ol keys=\"dkvn8,e367c,f4lpb,9j981,7ai6k,3g3pd\" depth=\"0\"><li>Explains in one or two sentences on the environmental rationale of the indicator, i.e. why it matters to the environment that we see an increase/decrease in the value measured.</li><li>Explains in one or two sentences the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional. More information on the policy objective and related references will be included in the supporting information section. Where there is no policy objective associated with the indicator, i.e. where the indicator addresses an issue that is important for future policy formulation, this text should explain instead why this issue is important.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Explains any mismatch between what the indicator tracks and what the policy objective/issue is.</li><li>Qualifies the historical trend (e.g. steady increase) and explains the key reasons (e.g. policies) behind it. 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A full reference list appears in the supporting information section.</strong></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "maxChars": "2000", "placeholder": "Aggregate level assessment e.g. progress at global, EU level..", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "title": "Aggregate level assessment" }, "c259c8f1-7561-4254-8010-f3d0fba59ef5": { "@layout": "d060487d-88fc-4f7b-8ea4-003f14e0fb0c", "@type": "group", "allowedBlocks": [ "slate" ], "as": "section", "block": "c259c8f1-7561-4254-8010-f3d0fba59ef5", "data": { "blocks": { "02ba4a04-fcfe-4968-806f-1dac3119cfef": { "@type": "embed_content", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "url": "../../../../resolveuid/3226afbbe138408ab45de430cf983969", "with_notes": false }, "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881e": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fitted": false, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "section": false, "short": true, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "97c1c0e8-b761-46bc-9cc6-9efb7545dfff": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "d07cece2-2551-4634-9410-7e1ce5ae6643": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Expenditure on environmental protection by EU Member State, 2018 and 2023, (% of GDP)", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Expenditure on environmental protection by EU Member State, 2018 and 2023, (% of GDP)" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "d07cece2-2551-4634-9410-7e1ce5ae6643" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-02ba4a04-fcfe-4968-806f-1dac3119cfef", "styles": {} }, "b695bb2c-f945-417a-8330-c83b08b6ab94": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In 14 of the 27 EU Member States, this share increased during the period 2018-2022, with the biggest increase in Slovenia (0.4 percentage point). In contrast, the share fell in eight EU Member States, with the biggest reduction in Estonia (0.4 percentage point) and remained constant in the other five EU Member States.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In 14 of the 27 EU Member States, this share increased during the period 2018-2022, with the biggest increase in Slovenia (0.4 percentage point). In contrast, the share " }, { "children": [ { "text": "fell" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " in eight EU Member States, with the biggest reduction in Estonia (0.4 percentage point) and remained constant in the other five EU Member States. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d3d49723-14e5-4663-b346-37ee3572f28d": { "@type": "slate", "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "EPE remained stable at 2.1% of GDP between 2018 and 2022 at the EU level. EPE to GDP ratios varied across the Member States. In Austria, Belgium and Czechia, EPE accounted for more than 3% of GDP, while in Ireland and Luxembourg it accounted for less than 1%.", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EPE remained stable at " }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": "2.1% of GDP between 2018 and 2022 at the EU level. EPE to GDP ratios varied across the Member States. In Austria, Belgium and Czechia, EPE accounted for more than 3% of GDP, while in Ireland and Luxembourg it accounted for less than 1%. 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Supporting information
Methodology [ { "children": [ { "text": "This indicator is directly based on data published by Eurostat and the underpinning methodology can be found in Eurostat" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "extra": [ { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">Environmental protection expenditure accounts, 2023b, (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Environmental_protection_expenditure_accounts) accessed August 28, 2023.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": " 2023b, Environmental protection expenditure acc", "zoteroId": "SQ7PA7HB" } ], "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">Eurostat, 2023, 'National expenditure on environmental protection by institutional sector', <i>Eurostat Data Browser</i> (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_ac_epneis/default/table?lang=en) accessed March 24, 2023.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "Eurostat, 2023, National expenditure on environmental pr", "uid": "T7Db3", "zoteroId": "I5SIB7H6" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ". EU-level data are based on Eurostat estimates. " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The EUR values were indexed to 2025 price levels using the price component of Eurostat's GDP aggregate (indicator_nama_10_gdp) up to 2024 and the 2% general inflation rate projected by the European Central Bank for 2025. " } ], "type": "p" } ]
Data sources and providers { "readOnly": true, "data": [ { "@id": "71d163dd-adf1-404d-8580-fba7c848b65a", "title": "National expenditure on environmental protection by institutional sector", "link": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_ac_epneis1__custom_10844239/default/table", "organisation": "Eurostat - European statistics" }, { "@id": "f89a9856-f76a-4cc3-acbb-2629250adfe7", "title": "Gross domestic product (GDP) and main components (output, expenditure and income)", "link": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_gdp__custom_11705318/default/table", "organisation": "Eurostat - European statistics" } ] }
Definition [ { "children": [ { "text": "\u2018Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) measure the economic resources devoted to prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and any other degradation of the environment. They cover the spending by resident units of a country (i.e. by its households, corporations and government) on environmental protection (EP) services, e.g. pollution abatement (air, water, soil and noise), waste and wastewater management, protection of biodiversity as well as related research and development, education and training activities\u2019" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">Environmental protection expenditure accounts, 2023b, (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Environmental_protection_expenditure_accounts) accessed August 28, 2023.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": " 2023b, Environmental protection expenditure acc", "uid": "xbsX2", "zoteroId": "SQ7PA7HB" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The scope of EPEA is defined according to the Classification of Environmental Protection Activities and Expenditure (CEPA 2000). CEPA 2000 is a recognised international standard included in the family of international economic and social classifications." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "For further information, see " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Eurostat (2017)" } ], "type": "link", "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-gq-17-004" } }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ]
Unit of measure [ { "children": [ { "text": "EPE is measured in billion euros (EUR in 2010 prices) and as a share of GDP (%)" } ], "type": "p" } ]
Policy / environmental relevance [ { "children": [ { "text": "This indicator is a headline indicator for monitoring progress towards meeting one of the targets of the 8th EAP. It contributes mainly to monitoring progress in relation to aspects of the 8th EAP\u2019s aim to accelerate the green transition (Article 1) and Article 3(u), which requires \u2018mobilising resources and ensuring sufficient sustainable investments from public and private sources\u2026 consistent with the Union\u2019s sustainable finance policy agenda\u2019" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6&#xA0;April 2022 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030, OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22-36.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EU, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6\u00a0April 2022 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030", "uid": "1b0B5", "zoteroId": "YZ7GN8RW" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". The European Commission communication on the 8th EAP monitoring framework specifies that this indicator should be used to monitor the \u2018increase [in] spending by households, corporations and governments on preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and other environmental degradation\u2019" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions &#x2018;REPowerEU plan&#x2019;, COM (2022) 230 final of 18 May 2022</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the", "uid": "VbogD", "zoteroId": "29EX6C6Z" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ]
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Short name environmental-protection-expenditure-8th-eap
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