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Supporting information
Methodology
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Data sources and providers
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Definition
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Unit of measure
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Policy / environmental relevance
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"text": "\u00a0with WHO guidelines, while putting the EU on a trajectory to achieve the\u00a0"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "zero pollution ambition by 2050"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/air-quality-statistics"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": "."
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Emissions from the transport sector are further regulated by\u00a0"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "vehicle emissions standards"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1257/oj/eng"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " (for "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "new cars and light commercial "
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/631/oj/eng"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": "and "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "heavy-duty "
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1242/oj/eng"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": "vehicles) and "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "fuel quality requirements"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/30/oj/eng"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": ". Local and regional air quality\u00a0"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "management plans"
}
],
"type": "b"
},
{
"text": ", including initiatives such as low-emission zones and congestion charges in cities, are active in many areas. SO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " and NO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " emissions from international shipping are regulated by\u00a0"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Annex VI to MARPOL Convention of the International Maritime Organisation"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://www.imo.org/en/about/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Prevention-of-Pollution-from-Ships-(MARPOL).aspx"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": ". SO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " requirements are transposed in "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "EU law"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/30/oj/eng"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " by the Directive on sulphur content in certain liquid fuels including marine fuels. Aviation emission of NO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " and nvPM are regulated at "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "ICAO level"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/default.aspx"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": ". "
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Transport emissions of ammonia (NH"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "3"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ") and nitrous oxide (N"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": "O) are increasing and are of concern: NH"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "3"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " emitted within the cities have a very high impact on air quality; N"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": "O, beside a powerful greenhouse gas, is also currently considered a dominant ozone depleting substance."
}
],
"type": "p"
}
]
Frequency of dissemination
1
Accuracy and uncertainties
[
{
"children": [
{
"text": "For CO, NO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", NMVOCs, SO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", NH"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "3"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", PM"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "10"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " and PM"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2.5"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", data officially reported to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)/LRTAP Convention were used. For CH"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "4 "
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": "and N"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": "O data officially reported under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and also under the Kyoto Protocol (KP) were used."
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": " "
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Where a complete time series of emission data has not been reported for CO, NO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", NMVOCs, SO"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "x"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", NH"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "3"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", PM"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "10"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " and PM"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2.5"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": ", data have been gap filled according to the methodologies of the European Environment Agency's (EEA's) European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC). Details of the gap-filling procedure for the air pollutant data set are described in the EU emission inventory report 1990-2022 under the UNECE's Convention on LRTAP. Similarly, for CH"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "4"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": " and N"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2"
}
],
"type": "sub"
},
{
"text": "O additional information on the gap-filling procedure can be found in the Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990\u20132022 and inventory document 2024, First submission under the Enhanced Transparency Framework of the Paris Agreement."
}
],
"type": "p"
}
]
