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"plaintext": "Relatively few events were responsible for most of the economic losses: 5% of climate-related events with the biggest losses were responsible for 59% of losses, and 1% of the events caused 37% of losses. On the other hand, 66% of events, that reflect events with the smallest losses, recorded a total of only 5% of the losses .",
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"footnote": "The total losses vary significantly from year to year. This interannual variability is due to the development of assets in vulnerable areas and potential reporting bias over time and because most types of weather- and climate-related extremes across the world have become more severe and frequent as a result of human-caused climate change.",
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"footnote": "There is an increase of records per decade in the CATDAT data source from 646 for the period 1980-1989 to 1419 for the decade 2010-2019 and already with 2222 records for the period 2020-2024 for the EU-27 countries.",
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"footnote": "CarbonBrief, 2022, 'Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world', Carbon Brief (https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-how-climate-change-affects-extreme-weather-around-the-world/) accessed September 1, 2023.",
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"footnote": "XAIDA, 2024 Many devastating extremes in 2023 were amplified by Global Warming, XAIDA H2020 project Media briefing (https://drive.google.com/file/d/12mj4JDBHzzwKxVPtQKQtNV3qMEVoTDje/view?pli=1) accessed August 25, 2024.",
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"plaintext": "Figure 1. Annual economic losses caused by weather-and climate-related extreme events in the EU Member States",
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"plaintext": "Climate-related hazards , such as temperature extremes, heavy precipitation and droughts, pose risks to human health and ecosystems and can lead to substantial economic losses . These losses equally create pressures on public finances .",
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"footnote": "Direct losses to infrastructure and physical assets are reported. Indirect losses, e.g. due to reduced productivity, loss of life, hazard-induced injuries, healthcare costs are not included. The costs of building back better or building back elsewhere are also not included. Geophysical hazards, like earthquakes and volcanoes are also natural hazards. As they are not seen as directly impacted by climate change, they are not included in this indicator.",
"label": "Direct losses to infrastructure and physical assets are reported. Indirect losses, e.g. due to reduced productivity, loss of life, hazard-induced injuries, healthcare costs are not included. The costs of building back better or building back elsewhere are also not included. Geophysical hazards, like earthquakes and volcanoes are also natural hazards. As they are not seen as directly impacted by climate change, they are not included in this indicator.",
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"data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy objective, it explains whether the trend is in the right or wrong direction in relation to the issue examined.</p><p>If there has been an important change over the most recent period of the time series, e.g. over the last year, this is indicated too.</p><p>Furthermore, if there is a quantitative target, it also indicates whether we are on track to meet it and if not what are the reasons preventing that, e.g. socio-economic drivers, implementation gap etc.</p>",
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"plaintext": "Weather- and climate-related extremes caused economic losses of assets estimated at EUR 822 billion during 1980 - 2024 in the European Union, with over EUR 208 billion (25%) between 2021 and 2024. Analysing trends in economic losses is challenging, primarily due to large annual variability. Statistical analyses revealed that economic losses increase over time and the last four years are all in the top five years of the highest annual economic losses since 1980. As severe weather- and climate-related extreme events are expected to intensify further, associated economic losses will likely continue to increase.",
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"text": "Weather- and climate-related extremes caused economic losses of assets estimated at EUR 822 billion during 1980 - 2024 in the European Union, with over EUR 208 billion (25%) between 2021 and 2024. Analysing trends in economic losses is challenging, primarily due to large annual variability. Statistical analyses revealed that economic losses increase over time and the last four years are all in the top five years of the highest annual economic losses since 1980. As severe weather- and climate-related extreme events are expected to intensify further, associated economic losses will likely continue to increase."
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Supporting information
Methodology
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"children": [
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"text": "Data have been adjusted to account for inflation. They are presented in 2024 prices (Euro). The implicit GDP deflator is used as an economic metric that measures the price level changes of all new, final goods and services produced in an economy over a specific period, relative to the base year, including those that are not included in the consumer price index (CPI), such as investment goods and exports. As the CPI only reflects the price changes of a specific basket of goods and services that consumers purchase, the implicit GDP deflator is a more comprehensive measure of price changes than the CPI. "
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"text": "Definition of a loss event: the event can occur in several countries; events are counted by country and by year and type of natural hazard"
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"text": ""
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],
"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">Chapgain, S., 2024, 'Natural disaster or natural hazard? Even experts interchangeably use these terms', (https://english.onlinekhabar.com/natural-disaster-or-natural-hazard.html) accessed August 25, 2024.</div>\n</div>\n",
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"text": ". The 30-year moving averages are based on the value of the year and the 29 preceding years. The estimated annual increase over the period from 2009 to 2024 is based on a linear trendline determined with the least squares method"
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"text": ""
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"footnote": "For the dataset 1980-2024, the trendline through 30-year moving average (2009-2024): y=0.5451(x-1979)+11.651.",
"label": "For the dataset 1980-2024, the trendline through 30-year moving average (2009-2024): y=0.5451(x-1979)+11.651.",
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"text": ""
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"text": "Loss per capita is defined as the cumulative losses over the period 1980-2024 divided by the average population over the 1980-2024 time period. "
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"text": "There are more than 190,000 more fatalities reported in the 1980-2024 dataset compared to the previous 1980-2023 dataset for the same period. This is due to a large addition of heatwave events. They adhere to the methodology used by the data provider RiskLayer. These additional events are included when peer-reviewed and trusted datasets publish them. Total and insured economic losses also changed between the 1980-2024 dataset and the 1980-2023 dataset for the 1980-2023 period. This is due to Eurostat changes in price index and exchange rates that change every year and retroactively, as well as the changes in values of the losses for the events already registered in the dataset, on top of the addition of new events. "
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],
"type": "p"
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"children": [
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"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
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{
"children": [
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"text": "The European Commission is working with\u00a0Member States, the "
},
{
"children": [
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"text": "ISDR"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://www.un-spider.org/international-strategy-disaster-reduction-isdr"
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"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " and other international organisations to improve data on disaster losses. The JRC, with the "
},
{
"children": [
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"text": "disaster risk management knowledge centre"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/"
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"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " and the "
},
{
"children": [
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"text": "risk data hub"
}
],
"data": {
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},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": ", has prepared guidance for recording and sharing disaster damage and loss data, status and best practices for disaster loss data recording in EU Member States and recommendations for a European approach for recording disaster losses"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"data": {
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"footnote": "Bountzouklis, C., Roeslin, S., Corbane, C., Battistutta, A. and Karagiorgos, K., 2025, \u2018Disaster loss data management: current Practices, challenges, and opportunities in Europe\u2019, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/8144782) accessed 5 October 2025. ",
"label": "Bountzouklis, C., Roeslin, S., Corbane, C., Battistutta, A. and Karagiorgos, K., 2025, \u2018Disaster loss data management: current Practices, challenges, and opportunities in Europe\u2019, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/8144782) accessed 5 October 2025. ",
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"value": "Bountzouklis, C., Roeslin, S., Corbane, C., Battistutta, A. and Karagiorgos, K., 2025, \u2018Disaster loss data management: current Practices, challenges, and opportunities in Europe\u2019, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg (https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/8144782) accessed 5 October 2025. "
},
"type": "footnote"
},
{
"text": ". Once comparable national databases on disaster losses are available for all EU Member States and EEA member countries and these data are reported, this EEA indicator can build on such data.\u00a0"
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"text": "Data sources & providers "
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"text": "This assessment is based on the\u00a0estimates provided by the "
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"children": [
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"text": "RiskLayer CATDAT dataset"
}
],
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"text": " (dataset url is not available) and the "
},
{
"children": [
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"text": "Eurostat collection of economic indicators"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/explore/all/economy?lang=en&subtheme=na10.nama10.nama_10reg&display=list&sort=category"
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"text": ", whereas data from earlier years not covered by Eurostat have been completed using data from the Annual Macro-Economic Database of the European Commission (AMECO), the International Monetary Fund\u2019s (IMF) World Economic Outlook (WEO), the Total Economy Database (TED) and the World Bank database. More information on the data quality and aggregation process is provided in the "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "2025 report on economic losses and fatalities"
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{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"data": {
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"footnote": "EEA, 2025, Economic losses and fatalities from weather- and climate-related extremes (https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/economic-losses-from-climate-extremes) accessed 5 October 2025.",
"label": "EEA, 2025, Economic losses and fatalities from weather- and climate-related extremes (https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/economic-losses-from-climate-extremes) accessed 5 October 2025.",
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"value": "EEA, 2025, Economic losses and fatalities from weather- and climate-related extremes (https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/economic-losses-from-climate-extremes) accessed 5 October 2025."
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"children": [
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"text": " "
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"text": "Data are received from the RiskLayer CATDAT under institutional agreement. "
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"children": [
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"text": "Methodology for gap filling"
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"text": "Data gap filling is not necessary."
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Data sources and providers
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Definition
[
{
"children": [
{
"text": "This indicator considers estimated values for the number of fatalities, the overall and insured economic losses from weather- and climate-related events in the European Environment Agency (EEA) member countries, i.e., in the 27 EU Member States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and T\u00fcrkiye. Focus of the indicator is on total economic losses for the EU-27. Further details are provided on the "
},
{
"children": [
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"text": "Climate-ADAPT\u00a0dashboard"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/knowledge/economic-losses/economic-losses-and-fatalities"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " presenting information on total economic losses, insured economic losses and fatalities for the EU-27 and EEA member countries; per country, per year and per hazard type. Hazards considered are those classified as meteorological hazards, hydrological hazards and climatological hazards, based on the classification by the International Council for Science (ICSU)"
},
{
"children": [
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"text": ""
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"data": {
"extra": [],
"footnote": "IRDR, 2014, IRDR Peril Classification and Hazard Glossary, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Peril-Classification-and-Hazard-Glossary-1.pdf) access 5 October 2025. ",
"label": "IRDR, 2014, IRDR Peril Classification and Hazard Glossary, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Peril-Classification-and-Hazard-Glossary-1.pdf) access 5 October 2025. ",
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"value": "IRDR, 2014, IRDR Peril Classification and Hazard Glossary, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (https://council.science/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Peril-Classification-and-Hazard-Glossary-1.pdf) access 5 October 2025. "
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"text": ". "
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Unit of measure
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"text": "Losses in Euros, million and billion Euros, 2024 prices, fatalities as absolute numbers."
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Policy / environmental relevance
[
{
"children": [
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"text": "In February 2021, the European Commission presented the new "
},
{
"children": [
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"text": "EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2021:82:FIN"
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{
"text": ". One of the objectives is 'smarter adaptation', within which a key action is 'more and better climate-related risk and losses data', as currently, no coherent mechanism is in place for countries to report losses to the European Commission or the EEA. This is further developed in the Staff Working Document, Closing the climate protection gap"
},
{
"children": [
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"text": ""
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"data": {
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"footnote": "The term \u2018climate protection gap\u2019 is used in reference to the share of non-insured economic losses in total losses after a weather- and climate-related extreme event. In recent years, it has also been used to refer to the notional gap between likely climate-related impacts and existing resilience measures (EC, 2021, p. 3)",
"label": "The term \u2018climate protection gap\u2019 is used in reference to the share of non-insured economic losses in total losses after a weather- and climate-related extreme event. In recent years, it has also been used to refer to the notional gap between likely climate-related impacts and existing resilience measures (EC, 2021, p. 3)",
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"value": "The term \u2018climate protection gap\u2019 is used in reference to the share of non-insured economic losses in total losses after a weather- and climate-related extreme event. In recent years, it has also been used to refer to the notional gap between likely climate-related impacts and existing resilience measures (EC, 2021, p. 3)"
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"text": ""
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{
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"text": " "
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"data": {
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"footnote": "EC, 2021, Commission Staff Working Document \u2014 Closing the climate protection gap - Scoping policy and data gaps, SWD(2021) 123 final.",
"label": "EC, 2021, Commission Staff Working Document \u2014 Closing the climate protection gap - Scoping policy and data gaps, SWD(2021) 123 final.",
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"value": "EC, 2021, Commission Staff Working Document \u2014 Closing the climate protection gap - Scoping policy and data gaps, SWD(2021) 123 final."
},
"type": "footnote"
},
{
"text": "- scoping policy and data gaps and in the activities of the Climate Resilience Dialogue, that published"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": " its final report"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/document/download/4df5c2fe-80f9-4ddc-8199-37eee83e04e4_en?filename=policy_adaptation_climate_resilience_dialogue_report_en.pdf"
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"type": "link"
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{
"text": " in July 2024"
},
{
"children": [
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"text": ""
}
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"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC and Climate Resilience Dialogue, 2024, <i>Climate Resilience Dialogue Final Report</i>, European Commission, Brussels.</div>\n</div>\n",
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{
"text": ". In 2024, the European Commission presented the "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Communication on Managing Climate Risks-Protecting People and Prosperity"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/adaptation-climate-change/managing-climate-risks-protecting-people-and-prosperity_en"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " which sets out how the EU can effectively get ahead of the growing climate-related risks and build greater resilience to the impacts of climate change including to address economic losses. It responded to the first ever "
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "European Climate Risk Assessment Report."
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-climate-risk-assessment"
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"type": "link"
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{
"text": ""
}
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"children": [
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"text": ""
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"type": "p"
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{
"children": [
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"text": "Article 6 of the "
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{
"children": [
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"text": "European Union Civil Protection Mechanism"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013D1313"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " (2013) (EUCPM) obliges the EU Member States to develop risk assessments at national or appropriate sub-national levels and to make a summary of the relevant elements thereof"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2024, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on progress on implementation of article 6 of the Union Civil protection Mechanism (Decision No1313/2013/EU) – Preventing and managing disaster risk in Europe, COM(2024) 130 final.</div>\n</div>\n",
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"uid": "ORNjG",
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"text": ". The "
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{
"children": [
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"text": "amendment of the EUCPM of March 2019"
}
],
"data": {
"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019D0420"
},
"type": "link"
},
{
"text": " introduced joint reporting on national risk assessments, risk management capability assessments and information on the priority prevention and preparedness measures. This with a focus on"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": " "
}
],
"type": "b"
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{
"text": "key risks with cross-border impacts, and, where appropriate, low probability risks with a high impact. "
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"text": " "
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"text": "The\u00a0"
},
{
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"text": "Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction"
}
],
"data": {
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"type": "link"
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{
"text": "\u00a0(2015-2030), including \u2018Understanding disaster risk\u2019, requires that the signatory countries systematically evaluate, record, share and publicly account for disaster losses and understand the economic impacts at national and sub-national levels. "
}
],
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"children": [
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"text": ""
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{
"children": [
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"text": "This is an EEA indicator for EUROSTAT monitoring of "
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{
"children": [
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"text": "the UN Sustainable Development Goals"
}
],
"data": {
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"type": "link"
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{
"text": " (SDGs, for SDG13 Climate) and a headline indicator for monitoring progress towards the 8th Environment Action Programme"
},
{
"children": [
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"text": ""
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"data": {
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"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the monitoring framework for the 8th Environment Action Programme: Measuring progress towards the attainment of the programme’s 2030 and 2050 priority objectives, COM(2022) 357 final.</div>\n</div>\n",
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"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a general Union Environment Action Programme to 2030, OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22–36.</div>\n</div>\n",
"footnoteTitle": "EU, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a general Union Environment Action Programme to 2030",
"uid": "7gbht",
"zoteroId": "HYCFJYPW"
},
"type": "zotero"
},
{
"text": ". It contributes to monitoring aspects of the 8"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "th"
}
],
"type": "sup"
},
{
"text": " EAP priority objective Article 2.2. b that shall be met by 2030: \u2018continuous progress in enhancing and mainstreaming adaptive capacity, including on the basis of ecosystem approaches, strengthening resilience and adaptation and reducing the vulnerability of the environment, society and all sectors of the economy to climate change, while improving prevention of, and preparedness for, weather- and climate-related disasters\u2019"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": " "
}
],
"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a general Union Environment Action Programme to 2030, OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22–36.</div>\n</div>\n",
"footnoteTitle": "EU, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a general Union Environment Action Programme to 2030",
"uid": "_k7FN",
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"type": "zotero"
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{
"text": ". The European Commission Communication on the 8th EAP monitoring framework specifies that this indicator should be used to monitor whether the EU is reducing the overall monetary losses from weather- and climate-related events"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the monitoring framework for the 8th Environment Action Programme: Measuring progress towards the attainment of the programme’s 2030 and 2050 priority objectives, COM(2022) 357 final.</div>\n</div>\n",
"footnoteTitle": "EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the",
"uid": "xFg89",
"zoteroId": "QWFXRMVN"
},
"type": "zotero"
},
{
"text": ". "
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "strong"
},
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Targets"
}
],
"type": "strong"
},
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "No targets have been identified for this indicator."
}
],
"type": "p"
}
]
Frequency of dissemination
1
Accuracy and uncertainties
[
{
"children": [
{
"text": "No uncertainties have been specified."
}
],
"type": "p"
}
]
