Consumption footprint (based on life cycle assessment) in Europe

The European Union’s 8th Environment Action Programme aims to significantly reduce its consumption footprint by 2030, and keep related environmental impacts within planetary boundaries. These impacts stem from our consumption patterns and, depending on production locations, not confined to EU borders. During 2010-2023, the EU consumption footprint increased by around 5% and projections indicate a further increase by 2030, mainly attributed to economic growth and unsustainable consumption patterns. The EU is not presently on track to reduce its consumption footprint sufficiently. Switching to less harmful products and curbing consumption levels are strongly recommended to reach the target.

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Metadata
DPSIR Impact
Typology Performance indicator (Type B - Does it matter?)
UN SDGs SDG12: Responsible consumption and production
Topics Sustainability solutions
Temporal coverage { "readOnly": true, "temporal": [ { "label": "2010", "value": "2010" }, { "label": "2011", "value": "2011" }, { "label": "2012", "value": "2012" }, { "label": "2013", "value": "2013" }, { "label": "2014", "value": "2014" }, { "label": "2015", "value": "2015" }, { "label": "2016", "value": "2016" }, { "label": "2017", "value": "2017" }, { "label": "2018", "value": "2018" }, { "label": "2019", "value": "2019" }, { "label": "2020", "value": "2020" }, { "label": "2021", "value": "2021" }, { "label": "2022", "value": "2022" }, { "label": "2023", "value": "2023" } ] }
Geographic coverage { "readOnly": true, "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" } ] }
Workflow
Content responsible Head of Group Daniel Montalvo
Layout
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These impacts stem from our consumption patterns and, depending on production locations, not confined to EU borders. During 2010-2023, the EU consumption footprint increased by around 5% and projections indicate a further increase by 2030, mainly attributed to economic growth and unsustainable consumption patterns. The EU is not presently on track to reduce its consumption footprint sufficiently. Switching to less harmful products and curbing consumption levels are strongly recommended to reach the target.", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The European Union\u2019s 8th Environment Action Programme aims to significantly reduce its consumption footprint by 2030, and keep related environmental impacts within planetary boundaries. These impacts stem from our consumption patterns and, depending on production locations, not confined to EU borders. During 2010-2023, the EU consumption footprint increased by around 5% and projections indicate a further increase by 2030, mainly attributed to economic growth and unsustainable consumption patterns. The EU is not presently on track to reduce its consumption footprint sufficiently. Switching to less harmful products and curbing consumption levels are strongly recommended to reach the target." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "3cccc2bb-471a-44c7-b006-5595c4713ff2": { "@type": "layoutSettings", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "layout_size": "narrow_view", "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true }, "ddde07aa-4e48-4475-94bd-e1a517d26eab": { "copyrightIcon": "ri-copyright-line", "styles": {}, "variation": "default", "@type": "title", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hideContentType": true, "hideCreationDate": true, "hideDownloadButton": true, "hideModificationDate": true, "placeholder": "Indicator title", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "ddde07aa-4e48-4475-94bd-e1a517d26eab", "1c31c956-5086-476a-8694-9936cfa6c240", "3cccc2bb-471a-44c7-b006-5595c4713ff2" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "fixedLayout": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy objective, it explains whether the trend is in the right or wrong direction in relation to the issue examined.</p><p>If there has been an important change over the most recent period of the time series, e.g. over the last year, this is indicated too.</p><p>Furthermore, if there is a quantitative target, it also indicates whether we are on track to meet it and if not what are the reasons preventing that, e.g. socio-economic drivers, implementation gap etc.</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "maxChars": "500", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "styles": { "style_name": "environment-theme-bg" }, "title": "Content header" }, "677f7422-6da4-4c86-bca8-de732b7047b9": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "required": true, "section": false, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "6c0f54b0-8bd3-45a3-8a0a-89e084350854": { "@layout": "1bc4379d-cddb-4120-84ad-5ab025533b12", "@type": "group", "allowedBlocks": [ "slate" ], "as": "section", "block": "6c0f54b0-8bd3-45a3-8a0a-89e084350854", "data": { "blocks": { "0b5e84eb-cb34-4aa7-9104-9aadc2807bbb": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The 8th Environment Action Programme (8th EAP) calls for a rapid, significant reduction in the EU\u2019s consumption footprint to align with planetary boundaries. To achieve this, the EU must accelerate its transition to adopting a regenerative growth model , to give back to the planet more than it takes, as outlined in the Circular economy action plan .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The " }, { "children": [ { "text": "8th Environment Action Programme (8th EAP)" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/environment-action-programme-2030_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " calls for a rapid, significant reduction in the EU\u2019s consumption footprint to align with planetary boundaries. To achieve this, the EU must accelerate its transition to adopting a " }, { "children": [ { "text": "regenerative growth model" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ", to give back to the planet more than it takes, as outlined in the" }, { "children": [ { "text": " Circular economy action plan" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1583933814386&uri=COM:2020:98:FIN" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "1a0f4fe2-66f0-4aaa-b8e4-2177ba8d1770": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " The consumption footprint estimates the environmental and climate impacts occurring as a result of EU citizens\u2019 consumption of products and their use. The EU consumption footprint indicator methodology is based on life cycle assessment (LCA). It uses the European Commission\u2019s environmental footprint method to assess environmental impacts in 16 different categories, such as climate change, resource depletion, and particulate matter.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The consumption footprint" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sustainableConsumption.html" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": " estimates the environmental and climate " }, { "children": [ { "text": "impacts" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " occurring as a result of EU citizens\u2019 consumption of products and their use. The EU consumption footprint indicator methodology" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">SANYE MENGUAL, E., PASQUALINO, R., OMODARA, L., FRANKOWSKA, A., WIERZGALA, P., CHIORRINI, A., BENNETT, M.J., LISTORTI, G. and SALA, S., 2025, <i>Consumption Footprint and Domestic Footprint Monitoring Report 2024</i>, JRC Science for Policy Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "SANYE MENGUAL, E., PASQUALINO, R., OMODARA, L., FRANKOWSKA, A., WIERZGALA, P., CHIORRINI, A., BENNETT, M.J., LISTORTI, G. and SALA, S., 2025, Consumption Footprint and Domestic Footp, Luxembourg", "uid": "UUBuv", "zoteroId": "I8DCYLBU" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": " is based on life cycle assessment (LCA). It uses the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "European Commission\u2019s environmental footprint method " } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279&from=EN" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "to assess environmental impacts in 16 different categories, such as climate change, resource depletion, and particulate matter. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "1e50713f-b33a-4392-9747-7d8ef9dfdcb5": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "a combination of the above.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "a combination of the above. " } ], "type": "li" } ] }, "21622369-636b-44bf-b293-dd358d1925fd": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "shifting to the consumption of goods with a lower environmental impact, or;", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "shifting to the consumption of goods with a lower environmental impact, or;" } ], "type": "li" } ] }, "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fitted": false, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "section": false, "short": true, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "7fef884d-6d09-42a6-8b49-ca1a312d7c8d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EU\u2019s consumption footprint per capita for the average EU citizen increased , by around 5% in the period 2010-2023. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased by almost 17% in real terms over the same period. This indicates that the impacts of the EU\u2019s consumption are growing at a slower pace than its economy, suggesting a relative decoupling of the consumption footprint from economic growth.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU\u2019s consumption footprint per capita for the average EU citizen " }, { "children": [ { "text": "increased" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ", by around 5% in the period 2010-2023. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased by almost 17% in real terms over the same period. This indicates that the impacts of the EU\u2019s consumption are growing at a slower pace than its economy, suggesting a relative decoupling of the consumption footprint from economic growth. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "820817d3-71ec-4ecf-b179-d0b2b1e6ac4d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "reducing the overall amount of goods and services consumed;", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": " reducing the overall amount of goods and services consumed;" } ], "type": "li" } ] }, "8ed0f24f-b1f7-4767-8bac-87081c3281d3": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "It is worth noting that service consumption has frequently less of an impact on the environment than the consumption of goods. Adopting circular business models based on sharing or product-as-a-service schemes for example, would be beneficial.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "It is worth noting that service consumption has frequently less of an impact on the environment than the consumption of goods. Adopting circular business models based on sharing or product-as-a-service schemes for example, would be beneficial. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "90426848-43bc-436a-8c98-e5b7b0249cae": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EU may reduce its consumption footprint by:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU may reduce its consumption footprint by:" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "9c3f3152-4ace-42ea-b65c-4d4a60609edb": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Based on current patterns and expected economic growth, the EU\u2019s consumption footprint is projected to increase again by 2030 . Recent trends\u00a0show the consumption footprint increased by 3.6% between 2020 and 2023. Therefore, the EU is not on track to meet its aim of significantly reducing this footprint by 2030.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Based on current patterns and expected economic growth, the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU\u2019s consumption footprint is projected to increase again by 2030" } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/2685ac6450964e58bca5be298ccdc7b5" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ". Recent trends\u00a0show the consumption footprint increased by 3.6% between 2020 and 2023. Therefore, the EU is not on track to meet its aim of significantly reducing this footprint by 2030. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a0fc4efe-7556-44a8-9757-602e3a582e21": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Food consumption contributed the most (49%) to the total environmental impact in the EU for 2023, followed by housing (18%) and mobility (17%). The largest contributions to the consumption footprint are those related to climate change (24%), the use of fossil resources (14%) and particulate matter release (11%).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Food consumption " }, { "children": [ { "text": "contributed the most" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " (49%) to the total environmental impact in the EU for 2023, followed by housing (18%) and mobility (17%). The largest contributions to the consumption footprint are those related to climate change (24%), the use of fossil resources (14%) and particulate matter release (11%)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a1d82cdd-fd84-4082-b67d-7421bf362139": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The environmental impact of EU citizens\u2019 consumption is considered high overall. Evidence increasingly suggests that, based on current consumption footprint levels, the EU exceeded its fair share of planetary boundaries for five environmental impact categories in 2023, including: particulate matter, climate change and freshwater ecotoxicity .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The environmental impact of EU citizens\u2019 " }, { "children": [ { "text": "consumption" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " is considered high overall. Evidence increasingly suggests that, based on current consumption footprint levels, " }, { "children": [ { "text": "the EU exceeded its fair share of planetary boundaries for five environmental impact categories " } ], "data": { "url": "../../../../resolveuid/20ec0d17577f4898800fa93e02e91983" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "in 2023, including: particulate matter, climate change and freshwater ecotoxicity" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">SANYE MENGUAL, E., PASQUALINO, R., OMODARA, L., FRANKOWSKA, A., WIERZGALA, P., CHIORRINI, A., BENNETT, M.J., LISTORTI, G. and SALA, S., 2025, <i>Consumption Footprint and Domestic Footprint Monitoring Report 2024</i>, JRC Science for Policy Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "SANYE MENGUAL, E., PASQUALINO, R., OMODARA, L., FRANKOWSKA, A., WIERZGALA, P., CHIORRINI, A., BENNETT, M.J., LISTORTI, G. and SALA, S., 2025, Consumption Footprint and Domestic Footp, Luxembourg", "uid": "xNOFD", "zoteroId": "I8DCYLBU" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c": { "@type": "embed_content", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>figure instructions goes here</p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "url": "../../../../resolveuid/65d6090400af4b5981d4bc0fcfc2d4c6" }, "c08ff20c-2bc2-4c25-b37e-1d9f3f0c2f5a": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "7cf859e3-6f0f-4659-8336-597a3638aedf": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. EU consumption footprint, in a single indexed score (2010=100), broken down into the most significant contributing impact categories of the Environmental Footprint (EF) method, from 2010 to 2023", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. EU consumption footprint, in a single indexed score (2010=100), broken down into the most significant contributing impact categories of the Environmental Footprint (EF) method, from 2010 to 2023" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "7cf859e3-6f0f-4659-8336-597a3638aedf" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "styles": {} }, "d99aeb91-f5df-4a91-a7ca-2331053570bd": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "On a per capita basis, the consumption footprint and GDP still appear to be somewhat correlated (e.g. both declined in 2020 during the economic slowdown from pandemic-related measures). This means that reducing the impacts of EU consumption in absolute terms in a growing economy will be challenging.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "On a per capita basis, the consumption footprint and GDP still appear to be somewhat " }, { "children": [ { "text": "correlated" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " (e.g. both declined in 2020 during the economic slowdown from pandemic-related measures). This means that reducing the impacts of EU consumption in absolute terms in a growing economy will be challenging. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "deb7e84d-d2c8-4491-90fa-3dc65fe02143": { "@type": "slate", "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ded19de0-de33-4d32-bdd4-7127649551d4": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "LCA data for a set of representative products are used to calculate environmental impacts per product, irrespective of production location, and scaled up to represent impacts from entire EU consumption, based on consumption statistics. The indicator can be aggregated to give a single score, based on a normalisation and weighting system (Figure 1).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "LCA data for a set of representative products are used to calculate environmental impacts per product, irrespective of production location, and scaled up to represent impacts from entire EU consumption, based on consumption statistics. The indicator can be aggregated to give a single score, based on a normalisation and weighting system (Figure 1)." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "c08ff20c-2bc2-4c25-b37e-1d9f3f0c2f5a", "b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881d", "0b5e84eb-cb34-4aa7-9104-9aadc2807bbb", "1a0f4fe2-66f0-4aaa-b8e4-2177ba8d1770", "ded19de0-de33-4d32-bdd4-7127649551d4", "7fef884d-6d09-42a6-8b49-ca1a312d7c8d", "d99aeb91-f5df-4a91-a7ca-2331053570bd", "a0fc4efe-7556-44a8-9757-602e3a582e21", "a1d82cdd-fd84-4082-b67d-7421bf362139", "9c3f3152-4ace-42ea-b65c-4d4a60609edb", "90426848-43bc-436a-8c98-e5b7b0249cae", "820817d3-71ec-4ecf-b179-d0b2b1e6ac4d", "21622369-636b-44bf-b293-dd358d1925fd", "1e50713f-b33a-4392-9747-7d8ef9dfdcb5", "8ed0f24f-b1f7-4767-8bac-87081c3281d3" ] } }, "disableInnerButtons": true, "disableNewBlocks": false, "fixed": true, "ignoreSpaces": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><strong>Assessment text remains at</strong> <strong>the relevant</strong> <strong>aggregate level</strong> <strong>(i.e.</strong> <strong>global, EU, sectoral)</strong> <strong>and addresses the following: </strong></p><ol keys=\"dkvn8,e367c,f4lpb,9j981,7ai6k,3g3pd\" depth=\"0\"><li>Explains in one or two sentences on the environmental rationale of the indicator, i.e. why it matters to the environment that we see an increase/decrease in the value measured.</li><li>Explains in one or two sentences the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional. More information on the policy objective and related references will be included in the supporting information section. Where there is no policy objective associated with the indicator, i.e. where the indicator addresses an issue that is important for future policy formulation, this text should explain instead why this issue is important.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Explains any mismatch between what the indicator tracks and what the policy objective/issue is.</li><li>Qualifies the historical trend (e.g. steady increase) and explains the key reasons (e.g. policies) behind it. If there is a quantitative target it explains if we are on track to meet it.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Explains any recent changes to the trend and why.</li><li>IF NECESSARY - Describes what needs to happen to see adequate progress in future, for instance in order to remain on track to meet targets.</li></ol><p><strong>Please cite your work if</strong> <strong>necessary</strong> <strong>using the EEA citation style (i.e.</strong> <strong>EEA, 2020). 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Nine countries had a footprint lower than the EU average. Between 2010 and 2023, 20 Member States showed increases in their consumption footprints, while only seven showed decreases.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In 2023, Luxembourg had the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "highest" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " consumption footprint among the 27 EU Member States, while Romania had the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "lowest" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ", at just over half of Luxembourg's. Nine countries had a footprint lower than the EU average. Between 2010 and 2023, 20 Member States showed increases in their consumption footprints, while only seven showed decreases. " } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "43df8fab-b278-4b0e-a62c-ce6b8e0a881e": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "disableNewBlocks": true, "fitted": false, "fixed": true, "hidden": true, "readOnly": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "section": false, "short": true, "spacing": "m", "styles": {} }, "b0052f9c-0084-47d0-8aec-c2ca75e95d1b": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "2dbec584-8c58-44a6-9dca-14f5964d5231": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Level of consumption footprint (points per capita) for EU countries in 2022 compared to 2010", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Level of consumption footprint (points per capita) for EU countries in 2022 compared to 2010" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "2dbec584-8c58-44a6-9dca-14f5964d5231" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-02ba4a04-fcfe-4968-806f-1dac3119cfef", "styles": {} }, "d3d49723-14e5-4663-b346-37ee3572f28d": { "@type": "slate", "fixed": true, "instructions": { "content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8" }, "plaintext": "", "readOnlySettings": true, "required": true, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f3f2ef20-f934-43bb-97ed-3150e1fcc230": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Sweden showed the highest decrease of about 10%, followed by Ireland with 5%. However, most countries increased their footprint with Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland and Portugal registering increases higher than 20%. Interpreting these changes in national footprints is challenging. They depend on individual national economic structures and consumption patterns, as well as economic downturns over the 2010-2023 for some Member States. The changes may not be obvious to any concrete measures pursued by the countries to improve, optimise or decrease environmentally-related consumption patterns.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Sweden showed the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "highest decrease" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": " of about 10%, followed by Ireland with 5%. However, most countries increased their footprint with Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland and Portugal registering increases higher than 20%. Interpreting these changes in national footprints is challenging. They depend on individual national economic structures and consumption patterns, as well as economic downturns over the 2010-2023 for some Member States. 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Supporting information
Methodology [ { "children": [ { "text": "Different methodological approaches can be taken to calculating consumption footprints. The two most widely used are the \u2018top-down\u2019 and the \u2018bottom-up\u2019 approaches. The former derives environmental impacts of EU consumption from the observed environmental impacts of economic production, using macro-economic (input-output) modelling. The latter is based on combining macro-scale consumption statistics and LCA data to construct the consumption footprint by focusing on a basket of representative products for a number of consumption areas." } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "The footprint presented in this indicator is based on the latter methodological approach, as this has been developed by the European Commission\u2019s Joint Research Centre. The methodology documents available through the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "Consumption Footprint Platform" } ], "type": "link", "data": { "url": "https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ConsumptionFootprintPlatform.html" } }, { "text": " explain the precise method and calculations used to derive this consumption footprint" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2023, 'Consumption Footprint Platform &#x2014; EPLCA', <i>European Commission</i> (https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ConsumptionFootprintPlatform.html) accessed February 1, 2023.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EC, 2023, Consumption Footprint Platform \u2014 EPLCA", "uid": "CbzBe", "zoteroId": "ZRWN7UNW" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". " } ], "type": "p" } ]
Data sources and providers { "readOnly": true, "data": [ { "@id": "4f7e6574-7e66-4f2e-a03f-38e4d5a21077", "title": "EU consumption footprint weighted score", "link": "https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ConsumptionFootprintPlatform.html", "organisation": "Joint Research Center (JRC)" } ] }
Definition [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU consumption footprint indicator represents a summary of the environmental and climate impacts associated with the EU\u2019s consumption of goods and services, regardless of where in the world these goods and services are produced. The indicator is based on consumption statistics and process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) structured in a basket of representative product of main areas of consumption. The assessment includes the 16 impact categories of the European Commission\u2019s environmental footprint method" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2021, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the environmental footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations, OJ L 471, 30.12.2021, p. 1-396.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EU, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the environmental footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations", "uid": "84XRE", "zoteroId": "IR2NH64D" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ", which are aggregated into a single weighted score." } ], "type": "p" } ]
Unit of measure [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1: The EU consumption footprint is shown as a single indexed score (2010=100) and is broken down according to the impact categories of the environmental footprint (EF) method that make the most significant contribution to the consumption footprint \u2014 \u2018climate change\u2019, \u2018resource use, fossil\u2019 and \u2018particulate matter\u2019 \u2014 and other EF impact categories" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2: Points per capita" } ], "type": "p" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Extra figure: Number of times the planetary boundaries are transgressed" } ], "type": "p" } ]
Policy / environmental relevance [ { "children": [ { "text": "This indicator is a headline indicator for monitoring progress towards meeting targets of the 8th EAP. It contributes mainly to monitoring progress in relation to aspects of 8th EAP Article 3(s), which requires the following: \u2018significantly decreasing the Union\u2019s material and consumption footprints to bring them into planetary boundaries as soon as possible, including through the introduction of Union 2030 reduction targets, as appropriate\u2019" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2022, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6&#xA0;April 2022 on a general Union environment action programme to 2030, OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22-36.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EU, Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6\u00a0April 2022 on a general Union environment action programme to 2030", "uid": "4zXte", "zoteroId": "YZ7GN8RW" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". The European Commission Communication on the 8th EAP monitoring framework specifies that this indicator should be used to monitor the EU\u2019s progress towards achieving the target to \u2018significantly decrease the EU\u2019s consumption footprint, i.e. the environmental impact of consumption\u2019" }, { "children": [ { "text": " " } ], "data": { "footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the monitoring framework for the 8th Environment Action Programme: measuring progress towards the attainment of the programme&#x2019;s 2030 and 2050 priority objectives, COM (2022) 357 final of 26 July 2022.</div>\n</div>\n", "footnoteTitle": "EC, 2022, Communication from the Commission to the", "uid": "PENfi", "zoteroId": "DIT5NBNY" }, "type": "zotero" }, { "text": ". " } ], "type": "p" } ]
Frequency of dissemination 1
Accuracy and uncertainties [ { "children": [ { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ]
Settings
Short name consumption-footprint-based-on-life
Versioning enabled yes
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