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"plaintext": "Member States\u2019 reporting shows significant variations in terms of the conservation status of habitats within their territories (Figure 2). With the exception of Cyprus, Estonia, Greece and Romania, Member States report a good conservation status for less than 40% of their habitats assessments. Belgium and Denmark have the lowest share of habitats with a good conservation status and \u2014 together with the United Kingdom \u2014 report more than 70% of their habitats as having a bad conservation status. Some of the habitats with the poorest conditions are grasslands, such as Molinia meadows, as well as bogs, mires and fens. For more information about EU Member State reported data, see here .",
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"plaintext": "The Habitats Directive protects 233 natural and semi-natural habitat types (called habitats of Community interest) which are in danger of disappearing, have a small range or are outstanding examples of biogeographical regions. The directive outlines requirements for their protection and sustainable use. EU Member States report on the conservation status and trends in targeted habitats every 6 years.",
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"plaintext": "Results of reporting under the Habitats Directive are also used to assess the progress made towards Targets 1 and 3 of the EU Biodiversity strategy to 2020 . \u00a0Target 1 aims at improving the conservation status of EU protected species and habitats by 2020. This target has not been reached for habitats: a 12% gap remains to be closed. Target 3 aims to optimise the benefits of agriculture and forestry for biodiversity. No real progress has been made towards reaching this target for agriculture: 46% of Annex 1 assessments of agricultural habitats have a bad conservation status, while assessments of forest habitats revealed that 31% have a bad conservation status. The EEA \u00a0publishes more information about progress to targets 1 and 3 .",
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"text": "At the EU level, only 15% of habitat assessments have a good conservation status, with 81% having poor or bad conservation status. Grasslands, dunes, and bog, mire and fen habitats show strong deteriorating trends, while forests have the most improving trends. The EU did not meet the 2020 target of improving the conservation status of EU protected species and habitats. At the EU Member State level, the majority of assessments indicate a low number of habitats with a good conservation status. Intensive agriculture, urban sprawl and pollution are the top reported pressures to habitats."
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Methodology
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"text": "Under Article 17 reporting, each Member State provides an assessment of all habitats of European interest (habitats listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive) at national biogeographic level, and supporting data, such as those on habitat surface area. EU regional assessments of conservation status are made by the EEA and its European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (ETC/BD), based on data and assessments reported by Member States."
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"text": ", Lina R\u00f6schel, Rebecca Noebel, Ulf Stein and Sandra Naumann (Ecologic Institute, DE), Carlos Rom\u00e3o, and Eleni Tryfon (European Environment Agency, DK), Zelmira Gaudillat and Sabine Roscher (Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019Histoire naturelle, FR), Dietmar Moser and Thomas Ellmauer (Umweltbundesamt, AT), Manuel L\u00f6hnertz (space4environment, LU), Lubos Halada (Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK) , Anna Staneva and Claire Rutherford (BirdLife International, UK) . ETC/BD Technical paper 2/2020. "
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Data sources and providers
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Definition
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"text": "The indicator illustrates the conservation status and trends of 233 habitats of European interest listed in the Habitats Directive at EU and Member State level. Conservation status is shown as good, poor, bad and unknown. It is based on data collected under the reporting obligations of Article 17 of the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)."
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Unit of measure
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Policy / environmental relevance
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"text": " is also relevant for measuring progress across several targets of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020. It is crucial for measuring progress towards Target 1 and contributes significantly to measuring progress towards Target 3."
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"text": "The 233 protected habitats, as well as over 1 000 species, are targeted by designating Sites of Community Importance, which are a part of the Natura 2000 network. For more information about the Natura 2000 network, see "
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"text": "EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: \nKey commitments of the EU Nature Restoration Plan by 2030: \n1. Legally binding EU nature restoration targets to be proposed in 2021, subject to an impact assessment. By 2030, significant areas of degraded and carbon-rich ecosystems are restored; habitats and species show no deterioration in conservation trends and status; and at least 30 % reach favourable conservation status or at least show a positive trend. \n2. The decline in pollinators is reversed. \n3. The risk and use of chemical pesticides is reduced by 50 % and the use of more hazardous pesticides is reduced by 50 %. \n4. At least 10 % of agricultural area is under high-diversity landscape features. \n5. At least 25 % of agricultural land is under organic farming management, and the uptake of agro-ecological practices is significantly increased. \n6. Three billion new trees are planted in the EU, in full respect of ecological principles. \n7. Significant progress has been made in the remediation of contaminated soil sites. \n8. At least 25,000 km of free-flowing rivers are restored. \n9. There is a 50 % reduction in the number of Red List species threatened by invasive alien species. \n10. The losses of nutrients from fertilisers are reduced by 50 %, resulting in the reduction of the use of fertilisers by at least 20 %. \n11. Cities with at least 20,000 inhabitants have an ambitious Urban Greening Plan. \n12. No chemical pesticides are used in sensitive areas such as EU urban green areas. \n13. The negative impacts on sensitive species and habitats, including on the seabed through fishing and extraction activities, are substantially reduced to achieve good environmental status. \n14. The by-catch of species is eliminated or reduced to a level that allows species recovery and conservation."
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"text": "EU 2020 Biodiversity Strategy"
}
],
"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2011, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020, COM/2011/244</div>\n</div>\n",
"footnoteTitle": "EC, 2011, Communication from the Commission to the",
"uid": "3K8fx",
"zoteroId": "2Q9TFEMX"
},
"type": "zotero"
},
{
"text": ". In the Communication: Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 (COM(2011)244) the European Commission has adopted a new strategy to halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020. There are six main targets, and 20 actions to help Europe reach its goal. The six targets cover: full implementation of EU nature legislation to protect biodiversity; better protection for ecosystems, and more use of green infrastructure; more sustainable agriculture and forestry; better management of fish stocks; tighter controls on invasive alien species; a bigger EU contribution to averting global biodiversity loss"
}
],
"type": "li"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030"
}
],
"data": {
"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2021, 'Biodiversity strategy for 2030 — concrete actions', <i>European Commission</i> (https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/biodiversity-strategy-2030_en) accessed February 18, 2021.</div>\n</div>\n",
"footnoteTitle": "EC, 2021, Biodiversity strategy for 2030 \u2014 concret",
"uid": "fQOpY",
"zoteroId": "A4HWFJFQ"
},
"type": "zotero"
},
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "link",
"data": {
"url": "https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/strategy/index_en.htm"
}
},
{
"text": ". The European Commission has adopted the new\u00a0 EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and an associated Action Plan (annex) \u00a0- a comprehensive, ambitious, long-term plan for protecting nature and reversing the degradation of ecosystems. It aims to put Europe's biodiversity on a path to recovery by 2030 with benefits for people, the climate and the planet. It aims to build our societies\u2019 resilience to future threats such as climate\u00a0change\u00a0impacts, forest fires, food insecurity or disease outbreaks, including by\u00a0protecting\u00a0wildlife and\u00a0fighting\u00a0illegal wildlife trade. A core part of the\u00a0 European Green Deal, the Biodiversity Strategy will also support a green recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. "
}
],
"type": "li"
}
],
"type": "ul"
}
]
Frequency of dissemination
5
Accuracy and uncertainties
[
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Methodology uncertainty"
}
],
"type": "h4"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Further streamlining and harmonisation of methodologies used by Member States are needed at EU level to reduce the differences that make aggregation and interpretation of data at the EU level difficult. The quality of the data reported (often based on simple expert judgement) also indicates that Member States need to further develop or complement their inventories and monitoring schemes."
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Data sets uncertainty"
}
],
"type": "h4"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Quality and availability of information from Member States impacts the quality of the EU assessment of status and trends."
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": ""
}
],
"type": "p"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Rationale uncertainty"
}
],
"type": "h4"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "No rationale uncertainty has been specified."
}
],
"type": "p"
}
]
