Many EU Member States not on track to meet recycling targets for municipal waste and packaging waste

Many EU Member States not on track to meet recycling targets for municipal waste and packaging waste

Europe aims to become a circular economy. To encourage this, the EU has set targets for the 27 Member States (EU-27) to increase recycling and reduce landfilling. Specifically, by 2025, 55% of municipal waste and 65% of packaging waste must be prepared for re-use or recycled. This briefing assesses Member States’ prospects of meeting these targets and its findings constitute the basis of the European Commission’s 2023 early warning report.

Title Many EU Member States not on track to meet recycling targets for municipal waste and packaging waste
Description Europe aims to become a circular economy. To encourage this, the EU has set targets for the 27 Member States (EU-27) to increase recycling and reduce landfilling. Specifically, by 2025, 55% of municipal waste and 65% of packaging waste must be prepared for re-use or recycled. This briefing assesses Member States’ prospects of meeting these targets and its findings constitute the basis of the European Commission’s 2023 early warning report.
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These include the extension of separate collection systems; the development of new bio-waste treatment capacities; and the introduction of pay-as-you-throw schemes to incentivise sorting at source.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "However, the assessments provide ample evidence that many Member States have implemented improved policies and measures for recycling municipal waste and packaging waste. These include the extension of separate collection systems; the development of new bio-waste treatment capacities; and the introduction of pay-as-you-throw schemes to incentivise sorting at source." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "17571f4e-28e2-4873-9d4a-3e2dda5f4da2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The European Commission, in cooperation with the EEA, shall publish early warning reports three years ahead of the target years. The purpose of the early warning reports is to identify each Member State\u2019s prospects of meeting the targets, as well as to anticipate barriers to implementation (Box 1). This will improve policy implementation and provide guidance on appropriate action that needs to be taken ahead of the target deadlines to achieve compliance. The first early warning report, with a focus on the 2020 recycling target for municipal waste, was published by the European Commission in 2018 (EC, 2018).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The European Commission, in cooperation with the EEA, shall publish early warning reports three years ahead of the target years. The purpose of the early warning reports is to identify each Member State\u2019s prospects of meeting the targets, as well as to anticipate barriers to implementation (Box 1). This will improve policy implementation and provide guidance on appropriate action that needs to be taken ahead of the target deadlines to achieve compliance. The first early warning report, with a focus on the 2020 recycling target for municipal waste, was published by the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "European Commission in 2018" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0656" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(EC, 2018)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "18ff6448-f566-485a-883e-2b13c8be9ace": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {}, "section": true }, "1de6f9e6-3cad-4571-b05d-90f11efcc50f": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "1ef6a606-2794-4655-b0eb-8db60409e299": { "@layout": "4e29c2d6-cc35-4de2-8a47-e894226b9dd0", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "6f22183e-d24c-4760-8f7f-7ed81d7bdc57", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "1f62a88f-56ab-4c4f-8309-273c4160b770": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "2c486279-0c25-46fb-a2b4-3aa4a21969ce": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "According to the European Green Deal , waste should be reduced. Where waste cannot be avoided, its economic value must be recovered and its impact on the environment and on climate change avoided or minimised. In line with these goals, the EU\u2019s waste hierarchy gives highest priority to waste prevention, followed by preparing for re-use and recycling.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "According to the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "European Green Deal" } ], "data": { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": ", waste should be reduced. Where waste cannot be avoided, its economic value must be recovered and its impact on the environment and on climate change avoided or minimised. In line with these goals, the EU\u2019s waste hierarchy gives highest priority to waste prevention, followed by preparing for re-use and recycling." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "2d8f8f66-6f9b-4b31-8d05-fce1cc36144d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EU\u2019s early warning exercise demonstrates the critical value of monitoring in providing data to gauge the effectiveness of actions and indicate where policy implementation must be strengthened. Despite some positive developments, many Member States will have to intensify their future efforts to meet recycling targets.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EU\u2019s early warning exercise demonstrates the critical value of monitoring in providing data to gauge the effectiveness of actions and indicate where policy implementation must be strengthened. Despite some positive developments, many Member States will have to intensify their future efforts to meet recycling targets." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "2f85025d-c664-4b99-91ed-c3f9bad3e33e": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "3126ef26-35c9-474b-bbfe-dc5488f2146b": { "data": { "assetPosition": "top", "imageSize": "icon", "iconSize": "small", "blocks": { "7b84dfa9-df4e-4dd7-95f1-bcf707a20657": { "@type": "tab", "assetPosition": "top", "blocks": { "10b9b6d6-aa76-49f8-a775-6eb2600031c9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Eurostat, 2022a, \u2018Municipal waste by waste management operations (env_wasmun)\u2018 ( Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu) ), accessed 9 November 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Eurostat, 2022a, \u2018Municipal waste by waste management operations (env_wasmun)\u2018 (" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Statistics | Eurostat (europa.eu)" } ], "data": { "url": 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preparation for re-use/recycling target on municipal waste, COM/2018/656 final.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EC, 2018, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of EU waste legislation, including the early warning report for Member States at risk of missing the 2020 preparation for re-use/recycling target on municipal waste, COM/2018/656 final." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "51390e12-3224-435a-b046-67e865102878": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EEA, 2023, \u2018Economic instruments and separate collection \u2013 key instruments to increase recycling\u2019, European Environment Agency ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/instruments-supporting-recycling-in-europe/ ).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EEA, 2023, \u2018Economic instruments and separate collection \u2013 key instruments to increase recycling\u2019, European Environment Agency (" }, { 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Targets for municipal waste and packaging waste for 2025, 2030 and 2035, in percentage of generated waste", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 3. Targets for municipal waste and packaging waste for 2025, 2030 and 2035, in percentage of generated waste" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "e288557a-7003-4de2-ad1b-718733edad91", "4c6a9d7a-06f0-4297-bd2d-ea892d852725" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-5ef24649-b715-46b1-a7fb-eef6b1f7ae2a", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "423e2052-9beb-4692-8ce5-ccd2bb33dd52": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "99986c74-0db2-4eb5-84fd-e12c24b6108d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "cef166ec-412e-4eac-934c-b05aee2bd404": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 1. Municipal waste management in the EU-27, 2010-2020", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 1. Municipal waste management in the EU-27, 2010-2020" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "cef166ec-412e-4eac-934c-b05aee2bd404", "99986c74-0db2-4eb5-84fd-e12c24b6108d" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-0d6a46b6-f44a-466a-9498-523853f5a2a4", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "47f72eaf-8fde-4e5f-93ad-97009730c2c9": { "@type": "columnsBlock", "data": { "blocks": { "4514628a-c653-49d4-9215-93fb55ec0113": { "blocks": { "1af0ca88-9331-4d9c-bd79-7deb9173d89b": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Box 2. Assessment methodology ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Box 2. Assessment methodology" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "3339605f-3266-43b3-a91f-58005949972a": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The work was conducted by the EEA and supported by the European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use. The assessments examined how Member States performed across a range of factors, including the current distance from the targets, the status of and planned improvement to the separate collection systems, and the use of economic instruments to support recycling. Scores were awarded under these categories and combined according to a weighting scheme to generate an overall score, expressed as a percentage, showing the risk that a Member State will miss its targets. In addition, the robustness of the underlying information for each of the factors was assessed .", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The work was conducted by the EEA and supported by the European Topic Centre on Circular Economy and Resource Use. The assessments examined how Member States performed across a range of factors, including the current distance from the targets, the status of and planned improvement to the separate collection systems, and the use of economic instruments to support recycling. Scores were awarded under these categories and combined according to a weighting scheme to generate an overall score, expressed as a percentage, showing the risk that a Member State will miss its targets. In addition, the robustness of the underlying information for each of the " }, { "children": [ { "text": "factors was assessed" } ], "data": { "extra": [], "footnote": "At the time the assessments were prepared, the data on the current levels of recycling available did not yet correspond to the calculation rules for showcasing target compliance. Therefore, how the new calculation rules influenced the data was only estimated in the assessments. Moreover, data on ferrous metals packaging and aluminium packaging had not yet been reported separately by 12 Member States at the time of writing the assessments. This leads to some uncertainties in assessing those countries\u2019 prospects of meeting the targets for these two packaging materials.", "label": "At the time the assessments were prepared, the data on the current levels of recycling available did not yet correspond to the calculation rules for showcasing target compliance. Therefore, how the new calculation rules influenced the data was only estimated in the assessments. Moreover, data on ferrous metals packaging and aluminium packaging had not yet been reported separately by 12 Member States at the time of writing the assessments. This leads to some uncertainties in assessing those countries\u2019 prospects of meeting the targets for these two packaging materials.", "uid": "fnY_D", "value": "At the time the assessments were prepared, the data on the current levels of recycling available did not yet correspond to the calculation rules for showcasing target compliance. Therefore, how the new calculation rules influenced the data was only estimated in the assessments. Moreover, data on ferrous metals packaging and aluminium packaging had not yet been reported separately by 12 Member States at the time of writing the assessments. This leads to some uncertainties in assessing those countries\u2019 prospects of meeting the targets for these two packaging materials." }, "type": "footnote" }, { "text": "." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "374dd77a-e553-4a22-bf81-927cad055f9c": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The assessment methodology (ETC CE and EEA, 2022) was developed and tested by the EEA in close cooperation with a group of volunteering Member States and was further refined during its application. National authorities in the Member States were consulted on draft\u00a0assessments; before being finalised, the\u00a0assessments\u00a0and the assessment process themselves were critically reviewed by external consultants.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The assessment methodology (ETC CE and EEA, 2022) was developed and tested by the EEA in close cooperation with a group of volunteering Member States and was further refined during its application. National authorities in the Member States were consulted on draft\u00a0assessments; before being finalised, the\u00a0assessments\u00a0and the assessment process themselves were critically reviewed by external consultants." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "da4d335f-61d5-435c-82ad-e82ab833a1ab": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EEA\u2019s early warning assessments are based on the data and information available up to March/April 2022. Meanwhile, more recent data have been published by Eurostat on both municipal waste and packaging waste. The early warning assessments therefore provide a snapshot of the risk in early 2022.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EEA\u2019s early warning assessments are based on the data and information available up to March/April 2022. Meanwhile, more recent data have been published by Eurostat on both municipal waste and packaging waste. The early warning assessments therefore provide a snapshot of the risk in early 2022." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "e1d5cfa3-850a-4571-b9e5-37f9c382ddb6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Under certain conditions described in the directives, Member States can apply for derogations from the targets. However, this was not taken into account in the assessments as to do so would be premature.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Under certain conditions described in the directives, Member States can apply for derogations from the targets. However, this was not taken into account in the assessments as to do so would be premature." } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "1af0ca88-9331-4d9c-bd79-7deb9173d89b", "3339605f-3266-43b3-a91f-58005949972a", "374dd77a-e553-4a22-bf81-927cad055f9c", "e1d5cfa3-850a-4571-b9e5-37f9c382ddb6", "da4d335f-61d5-435c-82ad-e82ab833a1ab" ] }, "settings": { "backgroundColor": "#f9f9f9", "padding": { "bottom": 20, "left": 20, "right": 20, "top": 20 } } } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "4514628a-c653-49d4-9215-93fb55ec0113" ] } }, "gridCols": [ "full" ], "gridSize": 12, "styles": {} }, "4ba94227-43c3-4c32-9f49-e7aa09152699": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "In addition to the recycling targets, the EU Landfill Directive requires the amount of municipal waste landfilled to be reduced to 10% of generated municipal waste by 2035. It envisages a similar early warning mechanism being implemented in 2032. A lighter approach to evaluating this target is included in the early warning profiles to give an initial indication of the barriers to meeting it.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "In addition to the recycling targets, the EU Landfill Directive requires the amount of municipal waste landfilled to be reduced to 10% of generated municipal waste by 2035. It envisages a similar early warning mechanism being implemented in 2032. 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" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "ded1ce76-b57a-4bed-9804-678190d01475", "2b993a73-5506-457f-b404-7695c9adf814" ] } }, "fixed": true, "instructions": { "data": "<p></p>" }, "required": true, "styles": {}, "title": "Description", "variation": "default" }, "5ef24649-b715-46b1-a7fb-eef6b1f7ae2a": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/recycling-targets-for-municipal-waste" }, "618edb6f-cf4c-41bb-83c7-9dfee88454b6": { "@layout": "1eef0642-1b1c-4045-acd5-351fb090932e", "@type": "dividerBlock", "block": "e203ae98-cf33-481d-920a-85aff2f13b66", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "7566524b-c6ff-427a-9e27-57e9cc08da34": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The early warning mechanism", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The early warning mechanism" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "811eb814-da05-42aa-a5e5-8da866a81c95": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {}, "section": true }, "92c94b3f-6a7d-4965-9dff-66e99caa1ee3": { "@layout": "607598fb-8980-4e0f-80a4-f044e4b6bc80", "@type": "columnsBlock", "block": "272a7b3d-56c2-42ba-93a7-59defb3bdca4", "data": { "blocks": { "83f1d648-4a5b-483d-84a6-d8f0ab97a118": { "blocks": { "06b6853a-e793-49ca-8980-f869ede92c12": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " SENSITIVITY\u00a0ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTABLE DEATHS DUE TO AIR POLLUTION ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "SENSITIVITY\u00a0ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTABLE DEATHS DUE TO AIR POLLUTION" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "102b4b8a-3a68-459d-b57d-c20b7a5e7bf2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The three elements of the early warning reports are:", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The three elements of the early warning reports are:" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "118604d0-c397-4515-9dcc-fc96ce4687a6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Table 1 presents the potential additional attributable deaths and potential total attributable deaths by pollutant for the EU-27 and for the larger number of European countries included in the assessment.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Table 1 presents the potential additional attributable deaths and potential total attributable deaths by pollutant for the EU-27 and for the larger number of European countries included in the assessment." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "394ebebc-2aa4-4823-b39b-f6c4b4b4fb19": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "However, there is no evidence of a threshold below which air pollution does not impact health. With this in mind, EEA has also performed a sensitivity analysis of attributable deaths for exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 at concentrations above 0 \u00b5g/m 3 . Deaths attributable to O 3 in the sensitivity analysis were calculated for exposure to concentrations above 20 \u00b5g/m 3 as previously recommended by the WHO. The level of uncertainty around these estimates is higher than for the estimates presented above.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "However, there is no evidence of a threshold below which air pollution does not impact health. With this in mind, EEA has also performed a sensitivity analysis of attributable deaths for exposure to PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0at concentrations above 0 \u00b5g/m" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sup" }, { "text": ". Deaths attributable to O" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3\u00a0" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "in the sensitivity analysis were calculated for exposure to concentrations above 20 \u00b5g/m" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3" } ], "type": "sup" }, { "text": "\u00a0as previously recommended by the WHO. The level of uncertainty around these estimates is higher than for the estimates presented above." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "3db1d54d-bfa6-4189-802c-de95fcffe590": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Box 1. Elements of the early warning reports ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Box 1. Elements of the early warning reports" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h3" } ] }, "53879254-a0ff-4daf-bec0-c093cabada84": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Sources : EU Waste Framework Directive (Article 11b), EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (Article 6b), EU Landfill Directive (Article 5b). ", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Sources" } ], "type": "strong" }, { "text": ":\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU Waste Framework Directive" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008L0098-20180705" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(Article 11b),\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A01994L0062-20180704" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(Article 6b),\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "EU Landfill Directive" } ], "data": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A01999L0031-20180704" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(Article 5b)." } ], "type": "small" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "71d33fd1-a6e5-4a43-83f6-0008e5708156": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "It is important to note that the attributable deaths presented above do not capture possible additional deaths caused by exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations below the WHO\u2019s 2021 guideline levels. The scientific evidence is less certain for exposures below WHO\u2019s guideline levels than for health impacts above them.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "It is important to note that the attributable deaths presented above do not capture possible additional deaths caused by exposure to PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0concentrations below the WHO\u2019s 2021 guideline levels. The scientific evidence is less certain for exposures below WHO\u2019s guideline levels than for health impacts above them." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "92c5efb0-7a76-4122-9def-a5b210d39bd1": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "an estimate of the attainment of the targets\u00a0 by each Member State; a list of the Member States at risk of not attaining the target(s) by the deadlines, accompanied by recommended remediating measures for the Member States concerned; examples of best practices that could drive progress towards attaining the targets.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "an estimate of the attainment of the targets\u00a0 by each Member State;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "a list of the Member States at risk of not attaining the target(s) by the deadlines, accompanied by recommended remediating measures for the Member States concerned;" } ], "type": "li" }, { "children": [ { "text": "examples of best practices that could drive progress towards attaining the targets." } ], "type": "li" } ], "type": "ol" } ] }, "c5500566-473b-40a1-ae11-bb85ba3819c2": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The EEA table Air Quality Health Risk Assessments presents estimates from 2005 to 2021 of the deaths attributable to exposure to PM 2.5 , NO 2 and O 3 for countries and the different groups of countries.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The EEA table\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Air Quality Health Risk Assessments" } ], "data": { "url": "https://discomap.eea.europa.eu/App/AQViewer/index.html?fqn=Airquality_Dissem.hra.countries_sel" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0presents estimates from 2005 to 2021 of the deaths attributable to exposure to PM" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2.5" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": ", NO" }, { "children": [ { "text": "2" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0and O" }, { "children": [ { "text": "3\u00a0" } ], "type": "sub" }, { "text": "\u00a0for countries and the different groups of countries." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "undefined": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "It is important to note that the attributable deaths presented above do not capture possible additional deaths caused by exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations below the WHO\u2019s 2021 guideline levels. 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Separate collection of bio-waste for a large part of the population is therefore key in helping Member States reach their recycling target for municipal waste (EEA, 2023). In general, it was found that Member States at risk of not meeting their recycling target had neither convenient, separate collection in place for most of the population nor adequate, available treatment capacity. However, most of these Member States plan to improve the convenience and coverage of their bio-waste collection service in the coming years. Paying proper attention to how these plans are implemented will be key for meeting the targets.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Bio-waste is the largest single component of municipal waste. Separate collection of bio-waste for a large part of the population is therefore key in helping Member States reach their recycling target for municipal waste (EEA, 2023). In general, it was found that Member States at risk of not meeting their recycling target had neither convenient, separate collection in place for most of the population nor adequate, available treatment capacity. However, most of these Member States plan to improve the convenience and coverage of their bio-waste collection service in the coming years. Paying proper attention to how these plans are implemented will be key for meeting the targets." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "a98f1d18-352d-46c8-9ba0-c1f4451bb046": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "As a contribution to the European Commission\u2019s early warning report for the target year 2025 (Box\u00a02), the EEA developed early warning assessments (EEA, 2022) for all Member States in 2022. These indicate which Member States are likely to meet the targets and which Member States are at risk of not meeting them. The early warning assessments do not assess whether the Member States comply with the legal requirements of the directives.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "As a contribution to the\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "European Commission\u2019s early warning report" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/waste-and-recycling/implementation-waste-framework-directive_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0for the target year 2025 (Box\u00a02), the EEA developed\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "early warning assessments" } ], "data": { "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/country-profiles-early-warning-assessments" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0(EEA, 2022) for all Member States in 2022. These indicate which Member States are likely to meet the targets and which Member States are at risk of not meeting them. The early warning assessments do not assess whether the Member States comply with the legal requirements of the directives." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ab5f9acd-c7ab-484b-b129-248531141ad5": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU targets for municipal waste and packaging waste", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU targets for municipal waste and packaging waste" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "aba7fc16-c880-4993-95cd-1b32f212c7b9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "EU Member States\u2019 prospects of meeting the targets", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "EU Member States\u2019 prospects of meeting the targets" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "b40b1ea7-2181-492e-89b2-96f9894df693": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "be21460c-b499-4c07-829c-f6229fb93069": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Based on the findings of these assessments, the European Commission developed policy recommendations and best practices that are published as part of the formal early warning report to the European Parliament and the Council.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Based on the findings of these assessments, the European Commission developed policy recommendations and best practices that are published as part of the formal early warning report to the European Parliament and the Council." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c144063e-1090-47d8-b525-61c6b58589af": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "To realise the full environmental and resource-saving benefits, effective measures to ensure that the targets are met must be properly implemented in all EU Member States. Therefore, the directives introduced the \u2018early warning\u2019 mechanism to track progress towards the targets and inform Member States where additional efforts will be required.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "To realise the full environmental and resource-saving benefits, effective measures to ensure that the targets are met must be properly implemented in all EU Member States. Therefore, the directives introduced the \u2018early warning\u2019 mechanism to track progress towards the targets and inform Member States where additional efforts will be required." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "c5b5f1cd-3d17-433a-9a04-061c09aee117": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "section": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "c63f7330-5dd5-4472-97f7-2504cba9d1c6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Conclusions", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Conclusions" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "cc7d9627-936d-4e99-a394-b3f3737ced33": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Recycling \u2014 a key element of the circular economy", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Recycling \u2014 a key element of the circular economy" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "cf573e6f-cb68-4b78-ab2d-cf8a78e231c9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "To further progress towards a circular economy, the Waste Framework Directive and the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive set concrete targets for municipal waste and packaging waste management to be achieved by 2025, 2030 and 2035 (Figure 3). These targets are more ambitious compared to the previous recycling targets for municipal waste (to be met by 2020) and for packaging waste (to be met by 2008).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "To further progress towards a circular economy, the Waste Framework Directive and the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive set concrete targets for municipal waste and packaging waste management to be achieved by 2025, 2030 and 2035 (Figure 3). These targets are more ambitious compared to the previous recycling targets for municipal waste (to be met by 2020) and for packaging waste (to be met by 2008)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "d3b2d863-1b5c-4011-a0ce-d71820a1b8ff": { "@layout": "d685a3a5-2d78-4511-8f7f-df42554def54", "@type": "layoutSettings", "block": "4e044cba-5d20-4699-91c9-51408894b9b7", "layout_size": "narrow_view" }, "dd53213e-4a5e-4eda-944e-d9eb5d415970": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "While the European Commission\u2019s circular economy action plan includes a new commitment to develop waste reduction targets, existing EU waste legislation already sets binding, quantified targets for recycling several waste streams, including municipal and packaging waste. These apply to all EU Member States.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "While the European Commission\u2019s\u00a0" }, { "children": [ { "text": "circular economy action plan" } ], "data": { "url": "https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/circular-economy-action-plan_en" }, "type": "link" }, { "text": "\u00a0includes a new commitment to develop waste reduction targets, existing EU waste legislation already sets binding, quantified targets for recycling several waste streams, including municipal and packaging waste. These apply to all EU Member States." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "de543816-1dc4-481a-88a3-bab8c8224816": { "@layout": "17c98742-c02f-452a-95e6-e3a368d19d1c", "@type": "group", "as": "div", "block": "d5b8d995-2897-4dcc-863c-38cc070df12b", "data": { "blocks": { "07f362f8-6937-4ba4-9c10-95f3bee1dc64": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Many Member States need to significantly step up their efforts and better monitor the effectiveness of policy measures to address the risk areas identified in this assessment." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Eight Member States are at risk of missing the municipal waste (55%) recycling target but on track to meet the total packaging waste target in 2025." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "10 Member States are at risk of missing both the municipal waste (55%) and the total packaging waste (65%) recycling targets in 2025." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "imageSize": "big", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "45a0598e-f310-482f-8b89-93eacea4f555": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Nine Member States (Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Slovenia) are likely to meet the recycling targets for both municipal waste and total packaging waste, but only four of them are likely to also meet all material-specific packaging targets in 2025." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "654cad8a-f62c-4316-bdd6-f5aa62ea74f6": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "12 Member States are at risk of missing at least two material-specific packaging recycling targets in 2025." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "8adbd34e-264e-4b72-ba41-7fb96ecf8cb7": { "@type": "item", "assetType": "icon", "description": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Plastic packaging is the most demanding packaging waste stream to recycle. 19 Member States will struggle to meet the 50% recycling target in 2025." } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "p" } ], "icon": "ri-arrow-right-circle-line", "iconSize": "tiny", "theme": "tertiary", "verticalAlign": "top" }, "97441611-c5a4-4109-bf13-7321a1683ae9": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Key messages ", "styles": { "style_name": null }, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "style-primary": true, "style-secondary": true, "text": "Key messages" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] }, "undefined": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": " Key messages ", "styles": { "style_name": null }, "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "" }, { "children": [ { "style-primary": true, "style-secondary": true, "text": "Key messages" } ], "type": "light" }, { "text": "" } ], "type": "h2" } ] } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "97441611-c5a4-4109-bf13-7321a1683ae9", "41edc266-8cb2-46f5-bd50-c0461defebcc", "14f87d8b-38aa-47a8-8686-6f5e7270058d", "45a0598e-f310-482f-8b89-93eacea4f555", "654cad8a-f62c-4316-bdd6-f5aa62ea74f6", "8adbd34e-264e-4b72-ba41-7fb96ecf8cb7", "07f362f8-6937-4ba4-9c10-95f3bee1dc64" ] } }, "styles": { "style_name": "content-box-gray" }, "title": "Key messages", "variation": "default" }, "e81de86f-4381-430f-85b6-5558c40e14b5": { "@type": "group", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "0be18c4e-3d65-4020-9c04-72a240736073": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Figure 2. Packaging waste management in the EU-27, 2010-2020", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 2. Packaging waste management in the EU-27, 2010-2020" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ] }, "3e5d1ef0-2225-4bd4-a121-97c3f24eaf87": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "0be18c4e-3d65-4020-9c04-72a240736073", "3e5d1ef0-2225-4bd4-a121-97c3f24eaf87" ] } }, "id": "figure-metadata-40b17166-cbb7-4dc9-91e7-fb7835c2eccc", "styles": {}, "variation": "default" }, "e9c58913-65b3-461f-a4cd-abe21e366c4d": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "The 50% recycling target for plastic packaging seems to be the most demanding of the material-specific packaging waste targets, with 19 Member States at risk of missing it. Plastic packaging is challenging to recycle. Its complex design often hinders recycling, contributing to high sorting losses during processing. The new calculation rules that will take these losses into account are therefore expected to negatively impact plastic packaging recycling rates. Progress in designing packaging for recycling will be crucial for achieving higher recycling rates. In addition, the assessments show that current collection systems often capture only a very limited share of plastics from municipal waste. This indicates considerable potential to improve the effectiveness of separate collection systems for plastics.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "The 50% recycling target for plastic packaging seems to be the most demanding of the material-specific packaging waste targets, with 19 Member States at risk of missing it. Plastic packaging is challenging to recycle. Its complex design often hinders recycling, contributing to high sorting losses during processing. The new calculation rules that will take these losses into account are therefore expected to negatively impact plastic packaging recycling rates. Progress in designing packaging for recycling will be crucial for achieving higher recycling rates. In addition, the assessments show that current collection systems often capture only a very limited share of plastics from municipal waste. This indicates considerable potential to improve the effectiveness of separate collection systems for plastics." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ec49ecfd-9ed9-4c71-8c0d-02b7db5eb312": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Results for the material-specific packaging waste targets vary considerably (Figure 5). The analysis shows that the targets for some packaging wastes, such as paper/cardboard and ferrous metals, are likely to be met by most Member States. This reflects well-established waste management practices in these countries coupled with the fact that these materials are reasonably homogeneous material streams. By contrast, the target for plastic packaging clearly poses challenges for a large number of Member States. This reflects the combined complexity of processing mixed plastic waste and having less mature infrastructure and markets for doing so.", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Results for the material-specific packaging waste targets vary considerably (Figure 5). The analysis shows that the targets for some packaging wastes, such as paper/cardboard and ferrous metals, are likely to be met by most Member States. This reflects well-established waste management practices in these countries coupled with the fact that these materials are reasonably homogeneous material streams. By contrast, the target for plastic packaging clearly poses challenges for a large number of Member States. This reflects the combined complexity of processing mixed plastic waste and having less mature infrastructure and markets for doing so." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "f1b8c36b-22c5-4f8d-b838-49b760f45391": { "@type": "group", "as": "div", "className": "figure-metadata", "data": { "blocks": { "88d34edb-1a4a-492f-a805-80fb9dfd9312": { "@type": "embed_static_content", "url": "http://backend:8080/www/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/prospects-for-eu-member-states", "with_metadata_section": false, "with_notes": false }, "cd6793d3-cfff-45fc-89cd-2557d5e1540d": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} } }, "blocks_layout": { "items": [ "cd6793d3-cfff-45fc-89cd-2557d5e1540d", "88d34edb-1a4a-492f-a805-80fb9dfd9312" ] }, "selected": "0c45803a-b268-400d-9b28-959f2be5e17d" }, "id": "figure-metadata-73fc21f2-7640-441a-8ecf-36984addfd23", "styles": { "size": "wide_width" }, "variation": "default" }, "fdef82d8-a088-4fed-a5cc-befc361dfbf6": { "@type": "slate", "plaintext": "Moving towards higher recycling rates will secure much-needed material resources for Europe\u2019s economy. This will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions that are generated when virgin resources are extracted and processed. It will also reduce dependencies and increase EU strategic autonomy for some key materials. Driven by EU and national policies, municipal waste management in the EU has slowly improved since 2010. However, progress in recycling rates has recently slowed down. Packaging waste recycling rates are higher than those for municipal waste but have barely changed over the same period. Most recently, the recycling rate for packaging waste may have actually slightly decreased, although changes in the reporting methodology countries use and the COVID-19 pandemic might be partly responsible for this (Figures 1 and 2).", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Moving towards higher recycling rates will secure much-needed material resources for Europe\u2019s economy. This will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions that are generated when virgin resources are extracted and processed. It will also reduce dependencies and increase EU strategic autonomy for some key materials. Driven by EU and national policies, municipal waste management in the EU has slowly improved since 2010. However, progress in recycling rates has recently slowed down. Packaging waste recycling rates are higher than those for municipal waste but have barely changed over the same period. Most recently, the recycling rate for packaging waste may have actually slightly decreased, although changes in the reporting methodology countries use and the COVID-19 pandemic might be partly responsible for this (Figures 1 and 2)." } ], "type": "p" } ] }, "ff79792f-40eb-4c6d-ab8a-52e706fddd0b": { "@type": "dividerBlock", "hidden": true, "spacing": "s", "styles": {} }, "86204b3e-5d3a-4922-87ce-0461d4eafb25": { "@type": "slate", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 4. EU Member States\u2019 prospects of meeting the recycling targets for municipal waste and packaging waste" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ], "plaintext": "Figure 4. EU Member States\u2019 prospects of meeting the recycling targets for municipal waste and packaging waste" }, "9c91d9b1-5a35-41c3-811d-88130f6f7d33": { "@type": "slate", "value": [ { "children": [ { "text": "Figure 5. EU Member States\u2019 prospects of meeting the material-specific packaging waste recycling targets in 2025" } ], "type": "h3-light" } ], "plaintext": "Figure 5. EU Member States\u2019 prospects of meeting the material-specific packaging waste recycling targets in 2025" } }
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EEA core metadata
Topics Resource use and materials, Waste and recycling
Temporal coverage { "temporal": [ { "label": "2010", "value": "2010" }, { "label": "2011", "value": "2011" }, { "label": "2012", "value": "2012" }, { "label": "2013", "value": "2013" }, { "label": "2014", "value": "2014" }, { "label": "2015", "value": "2015" }, { "label": "2016", "value": "2016" }, { "label": "2017", "value": "2017" }, { "label": "2018", "value": "2018" }, { "label": "2019", "value": "2019" }, { "label": "2020", "value": "2020" } ] }
Geographical coverage { "geolocation": [ { "label": "Austria", "value": "geo-2782113" }, { "label": "Belgium", "value": "geo-2802361" }, { "label": "Bulgaria", "value": "geo-732800" }, { "label": "Croatia", "value": "geo-3202326" }, { "label": "Cyprus", "value": "geo-146669" }, { "label": "Czechia", "value": "geo-3077311" }, { "label": "Denmark", "value": "geo-2623032" }, { "label": "Estonia", "value": "geo-453733" }, { "label": "Finland", "value": "geo-660013" }, { "label": "France", "value": "geo-3017382" }, { "label": "Germany", "value": "geo-2921044" }, { "label": "Greece", "value": "geo-390903" }, { "label": "Hungary", "value": "geo-719819" }, { "label": "Ireland", "value": "geo-2963597" }, { "label": "Italy", "value": "geo-3175395" }, { "label": "Latvia", "value": "geo-458258" }, { "label": "Lithuania", "value": "geo-597427" }, { "label": "Luxembourg", "value": "geo-2960313" }, { "label": "Malta", "value": "geo-2562770" }, { "label": "Netherlands", "value": "geo-2750405" }, { "label": "Poland", "value": "geo-798544" }, { "label": "Portugal", "value": "geo-2264397" }, { "label": "Romania", "value": "geo-798549" }, { "label": "Slovakia", "value": "geo-3057568" }, { "label": "Slovenia", "value": "geo-3190538" }, { "label": "Spain", "value": "geo-2510769" }, { "label": "Sweden", "value": "geo-2661886" } ] }
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