Progress towards achieving 2030 climate and energy targets in the EU-27

This figure shows the historical and future trends in net greenhouse gas emissions for the EU-27 (according to the target scope defined by the European Climate Law), alongside key targets for 2020, 2030, and 2050.

Units

Million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent (MtCO₂e)

Additional information

In this figure, the EU total net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions include all GHG emissions and removals regulated by EU law, spanning emissions from the energy supply sector, domestic transport, agriculture, waste, buildings, industry, as well as emissions and removals from the land use, land-use change, and forestry sector. Additionally, it takes into account GHG emissions from international aviation and maritime activities, to the extent these are covered by the ETS. For international aviation, this includes the emissions of all flights within the EU and to/from countries within the European Economic Area. As for maritime activities, GHG emissions are fully accounted for when ships travel between two EU ports, while 50% of GHG emissions from voyages starting or ending outside of the EU are taken into account. The estimation of historical emissions from international aviation and maritime sectors for the scope under the European Climate Law relies on data derived from the JRC Idees methodology (EC JRC, forthcoming, 2024). The targets are derived from the European Climate Law, applying the percentage reductions to the calculated 1990 baseline figures. The GHG projections are based on the most recent data submitted by Member States in March 2025 under article 8 of the Governance Regulation. A level shift between historic and projected values may arise because the latest historic estimate uses provisional data (T-1), while projections are anchored to the final inventory year (T-2) or earlier (T-n).

Progress towards achieving 2030 climate and energy targets in the EU-27

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References and footnotes