Maximum extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea in the winter and 15 year moving average

Maximum extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea in the winters 1719/20 – 2024/25 (blue bars) and 15 year moving average (red line). Source: Jouni Vainio, Finnish Meteorological Institute (updated from Seinä and Palosuo 1996; Seinä et al. 2001).

Units

km²

Additional information

Seinä A, Palosuo E (1996) The classification of the maximum annual extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea 1720–1995. MERI-Report Series of the Finnish Inst of Marine Res 27:79–91; Seinä A, Grönvall H, Kalliosaari S, Vainio J (2001) Ice seasons 1996–2000 in Finnish sea areas. MERI-Report Series of the Finnish Inst of Marine Res 43:132

Methodology

Combination of different information sources, data checked 30.09.2025 by Jouni Vainio/FMI

Maximum extent of ice cover in the Baltic Sea in the winter and 15 year moving average

Related content

References and footnotes